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Changes in sea surface roughness are usually associated with a change in the sea surface wind field. This interaction has been exploited to measure sea surface wind speed by scatterometry. A number of features on the sea surface associated with changes in roughness can be observed by synthetic aperture radar (SAR) because of the change in Bragg backscatter of the radar signal by damping of the resonant ocean capillary waves. With various radar frequencies, resolutions, and modes of polarization, sea surface features have been analyzed in numerous campaigns, bringing various datasets together, thus allowing for new insights into small-scale processes at a larger areal coverage. This Special Issue aims at investigating sea surface features detected by high spatial resolution radar systems, such as SAR.

dispersion curve filtering --- n/a --- Synthetic Aperture Radar --- RADARSAT Constellation Mission (RCM) --- marine X-band radar --- compact polarization (CP) --- cross-polarization --- proper orthogonal decomposition --- rain --- right circular horizontal polarization model --- support vector machines --- Sentinel-1 --- wind speed --- wave height --- hurricane --- ocean surface waves --- SMAP --- Copernicus --- synthetic aperture radar --- co-polarized phase difference --- synthetic aperture radar (SAR) --- oceans --- fetch- and duration-limited wave growth relationships --- Wake detection --- air-sea interaction --- phase-resolved wave fields --- wind --- SAR --- CoVe-Pol and CoHo-Pol models --- Baltic Sea --- wind retrieval --- ocean surface wind speed retrieval --- CMEMS --- detectability model --- right circular vertical polarization model --- hurricane internal dynamical process --- ocean winds --- polarimetry --- sea surface roughness --- eyewall replacement cycles --- GF-3 --- dual-polarization --- quad-polarized SAR --- typhoon/hurricane-generated wind waves --- coast and ocean observation --- radar --- geophysical model function (GMF) --- Doppler radar

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Monitoring oceans and coastal areas has a fundamental social impact, and this scenario is made still more challenging with the present and future issues related to climate change. In this context, radar systems have gained increasing interest, since they are remote sensing devices capable of providing information about sea waves, currents, tides, bathymetry, and wind. Moreover, radar systems can be designed to perform both large-scale and small-scale monitoring, with different spatial and temporal resolutions, and can be installed on different observation platforms (ship-based, ground-based, airborne, satellite or drones). In this regard, this book aims at engendering a virtual forum for ocean radar researchers, where state-of-the-art methodologies and applications concerning ocean monitoring by means of radar technologies are reviewed and discussed.

History of engineering & technology --- HF radar --- monitoring --- circulation --- Atlantic Jet --- flow reversal --- Gibraltar --- Alboran Sea --- X-band radar --- tidal variation --- modified temporal waterline method --- shoreline position --- intertidal foreshore slope --- wave run-up correction --- current velocity measurement --- high-frequency (HF) radar oceanography --- remote sensing --- quality control --- coastal surface currents --- soft computing --- radar --- sensitivity experiments --- numerical model --- artificial neural network --- inversion --- radar cross-section --- monostatic radar --- ocean wave directional spectrum --- TensorFlow --- wave directional spectra --- spatial wave fields --- ADCP --- wave buoy --- significant wave height --- marine radar --- sea state monitoring --- scum --- hypertrophic ecosystem --- Sentinel-1 --- Sentinel-2 --- Sentinel-3 --- cloudiness --- high-frequency ocean radar --- interference mitigation --- frequency band adaptation --- high frequency radar --- sea surface temperature --- surface currents --- south-west Australia --- synthetic aperture radar --- Doppler anomaly --- sea surface currents --- Gulf of Naples --- augmented observatory --- wave field --- radar Doppler altimeter --- orbital velocities --- waveforms --- swell --- radar altimeter --- sea surface current

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In this new book, we present a collection of the advanced developments in reconfigurable antennas and metasurfaces. It begins with a review of reconfigurability technologies, and proceeds to the presentation of a series of reconfigurable antennas, UWB MIMO antennas and reconfigurable arrays. Then, reconfigurable metasurfaces are introduced and the latest advances are presented and discussed.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- Energy industries & utilities --- reconfigurable antenna --- smartphone --- slot antenna --- sub-6G --- band rejected --- envelope correlation co-efficient --- four element MIMO --- polarization diversity --- ultra-wideband multiple input multiple output --- antenna array --- aperiodic array --- full wave analysis --- particle swarm optimization --- reconfigurable antenna arrays --- solid state switches --- RF switching --- magnetic particles --- magnetostatic responsive structures (MRSs) --- wideband reconfigurable antennas --- new feeding techniques --- dual polarization --- multifrequency antennas --- supershape --- reconfigurable antennas --- surface wave array antenna --- metasurface ground plane --- low-profile --- square-ring antennas --- van Atta reflector --- RCS reduction --- structural mode scattering --- metasurfaces --- polarization reconfigurability --- leaky waves --- combo-reconfigurable --- frequency and radiation pattern --- 5G --- millimeter waves --- mobile communication --- flexible antennas --- frequency reconfigurable --- microfluidic antennas --- pattern reconfigurable --- polarization reconfigurable --- wearable antennas --- active FSS --- C-band --- frequency-selective surface (FSS) --- spatial filters --- switchable --- X-band --- smart devices --- antenna boosters --- multiband antennas --- small antennas --- wireless devices --- matching networks --- digitally tunable capacitors --- n/a

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Monitoring oceans and coastal areas has a fundamental social impact, and this scenario is made still more challenging with the present and future issues related to climate change. In this context, radar systems have gained increasing interest, since they are remote sensing devices capable of providing information about sea waves, currents, tides, bathymetry, and wind. Moreover, radar systems can be designed to perform both large-scale and small-scale monitoring, with different spatial and temporal resolutions, and can be installed on different observation platforms (ship-based, ground-based, airborne, satellite or drones). In this regard, this book aims at engendering a virtual forum for ocean radar researchers, where state-of-the-art methodologies and applications concerning ocean monitoring by means of radar technologies are reviewed and discussed.

HF radar --- monitoring --- circulation --- Atlantic Jet --- flow reversal --- Gibraltar --- Alboran Sea --- X-band radar --- tidal variation --- modified temporal waterline method --- shoreline position --- intertidal foreshore slope --- wave run-up correction --- current velocity measurement --- high-frequency (HF) radar oceanography --- remote sensing --- quality control --- coastal surface currents --- soft computing --- radar --- sensitivity experiments --- numerical model --- artificial neural network --- inversion --- radar cross-section --- monostatic radar --- ocean wave directional spectrum --- TensorFlow --- wave directional spectra --- spatial wave fields --- ADCP --- wave buoy --- significant wave height --- marine radar --- sea state monitoring --- scum --- hypertrophic ecosystem --- Sentinel-1 --- Sentinel-2 --- Sentinel-3 --- cloudiness --- high-frequency ocean radar --- interference mitigation --- frequency band adaptation --- high frequency radar --- sea surface temperature --- surface currents --- south-west Australia --- synthetic aperture radar --- Doppler anomaly --- sea surface currents --- Gulf of Naples --- augmented observatory --- wave field --- radar Doppler altimeter --- orbital velocities --- waveforms --- swell --- radar altimeter --- sea surface current

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Remote sensing data and methods are increasingly being implemented in assessments of volcanic processes and risk. This happens thanks to their capability to provide a spectrum of observation and measurement opportunities to accurately sense the dynamics, magnitude, frequency, and impacts of volcanic activity. This book includes research papers on the use of satellite, aerial, and ground-based remote sensing to detect thermal features and anomalies, investigate lava and pyroclastic flows, predict the flow path of lahars, measure gas emissions and plumes, and estimate ground deformation. The multi-disciplinary character of the approaches employed for volcano monitoring and the combination of a variety of sensor types, platforms, and methods that come out from the papers testify to the current scientific and technology trends toward multi-data and multi-sensor monitoring solutions. The added value of the papers lies in the demonstration of how remote sensing can improve our knowledge of volcanoes that pose a threat to local communities; back-analysis and critical revision of recent volcanic eruptions and unrest periods; and improvement of modeling and prediction methods. Therefore, the selected case studies also demonstrate the societal impact that this scientific discipline can potentially have on volcanic hazard and risk management.

Research & information: general --- volcanic thermal anomalies --- change detection --- Villarrica Volcano --- small satellites --- FireBIRD --- TET-1 --- gas emission monitoring --- X-band InSAR --- scanning Mini-DOAS --- Multi-GAS --- volcanic gases --- precipitable water vapor --- radar path delay --- Láscar volcano --- Mt. Etna --- multi-platform satellite observations --- RSTVOLC --- Stromboli volcano --- landslides --- effusive activity --- Ground-Based InSAR --- infrared live cam --- seismic monitoring --- PLEIADES --- Digital Elevation Models --- optical sensors --- volcano remote sensing --- volcano deformation --- SAR interferometry --- post-unrest deflation --- inversion modelling --- Santorini --- hyperspectral --- FENIX --- lava field --- SMACC --- LSMA --- volcano monitoring --- thermal imaging --- time series --- Seasonal-Trend Decomposition --- heat flux --- emissivity --- lava flow modeling --- remote sensing --- volcanic eruption interpretation --- eruption forecasting --- MSG SEVIRI --- wavelet --- thermal measurements --- lava fountain --- lava flow --- Mt.Etna --- eruptive style --- Timanfaya volcanic area --- HDR geothermal systems --- GPR --- EMI --- magnetic anomalies --- seasonality --- lahars hazard --- magma accumulation --- pyroclastic flows --- ash plumes --- volcanic cloud --- Landsat 8 --- elevation model --- Volcán de Colima --- lava flow volume estimation --- SPOT --- EO-1 ALI --- MODIS data --- SENTINEL-2 images --- infrasonic activity --- open-vent activity --- fissural eruption --- long- and short-term precursors --- SO2 fluxes --- UV Camera --- Etna Volcano --- explosive basaltic volcanism --- Bezymianny --- monitoring --- lava dome --- inflation --- SAR imaging --- radar pixel offsets --- acoustic infrasound --- volcanic emissions --- ground-based remote sensing --- Sentinel missions --- Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) --- Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imaging --- InSAR processing --- infrared remote sensing --- SO2 gas emission --- satellite remote sensing --- ash fall --- lava flows --- pyroclastic density currents --- mapping --- volcanic hazard --- gas emissions --- edifice growth and collapse --- volcanic unrest --- thermal anomalies