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This book, titled “Electronic Noses for Biomedical Applications and Environmental Monitoring”, includes original research works and reviews concerning the use of electronic nose technology in two of the more useful and interesting fields related to chemical compounds detection of gases. Authors have explained their latest research work, including different gas sensors and materials based on nanotechnology and novel applications of electronic noses for the detection of diverse diseases. Some reviews related to disease detection through breath analysis, odor monitoring systems standardization, and seawater quality monitoring are also included.

Technology: general issues --- chemical sensors --- eNose --- environmental monitoring --- seawater --- sensors --- volatile organic compounds --- gas sensors --- volatile organic compounds (VOCs) --- acetone --- metal oxides --- heterojunctions --- electronic nose --- biosensor --- diabetes --- FOX 4000 --- FAIMS --- urine sample --- non-invasive diagnosis --- medical application --- gas sensor --- SAW --- surface acoustic wave --- Love wave --- breath --- VOC --- ZIF --- Zeolite --- Campylobacter jejuni --- VOCs --- GC-MS SPME --- nanowire sensors --- PCA --- nanofibres --- tin oxide --- NO2 --- pollution --- electrospinning --- low detection temperature --- biomarkers --- diseases --- digestive system --- respiratory system --- air quality --- technical standards --- quality protocols --- emission monitoring --- sensor arrays --- performance testing --- minimum requirements

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This book, titled “Electronic Noses for Biomedical Applications and Environmental Monitoring”, includes original research works and reviews concerning the use of electronic nose technology in two of the more useful and interesting fields related to chemical compounds detection of gases. Authors have explained their latest research work, including different gas sensors and materials based on nanotechnology and novel applications of electronic noses for the detection of diverse diseases. Some reviews related to disease detection through breath analysis, odor monitoring systems standardization, and seawater quality monitoring are also included.

chemical sensors --- eNose --- environmental monitoring --- seawater --- sensors --- volatile organic compounds --- gas sensors --- volatile organic compounds (VOCs) --- acetone --- metal oxides --- heterojunctions --- electronic nose --- biosensor --- diabetes --- FOX 4000 --- FAIMS --- urine sample --- non-invasive diagnosis --- medical application --- gas sensor --- SAW --- surface acoustic wave --- Love wave --- breath --- VOC --- ZIF --- Zeolite --- Campylobacter jejuni --- VOCs --- GC-MS SPME --- nanowire sensors --- PCA --- nanofibres --- tin oxide --- NO2 --- pollution --- electrospinning --- low detection temperature --- biomarkers --- diseases --- digestive system --- respiratory system --- air quality --- technical standards --- quality protocols --- emission monitoring --- sensor arrays --- performance testing --- minimum requirements

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Electrochemical energy storage is becoming essential for portable electronics, electrified transportation, integration of intermittent renewable energy into grids, and many other energy and power applications. The electrode materials and their structures, in addition to the electrolytes, play key roles in supporting a multitude of coupled physicochemical processes that include electronic, ionic, and diffusive transport in electrode and electrolyte phases, electrochemical reactions and material phase changes, as well as mechanical and thermal stresses, thus determining the storage energy density and power density, conversion efficiency, performance lifetime, and system cost and safety. Different material chemistries and multiscale porous structures are being investigated for high performance and low cost. The aim of this Special Issue is to report the recent advances in materials used in electrochemical energy storage that encompass supercapacitors and rechargeable batteries.

lithium ion batteries --- microstructure --- zinc sulfide --- material index --- solid-state complexation method --- submicron powder --- X-ray diffraction --- vertical graphene --- garnet --- electrochemical energy storage --- biotemplate --- nanotubes --- cathode material --- Cr3+/Cr6+ redox pairs --- mechanical stability --- cathode materials --- supercapacitors --- electrochemical properties --- Co-doping --- elasto-plastic stress --- inductively-coupled plasma --- water --- voltage decay --- Mn3O4 --- thermal annealing --- parametric analysis --- solid-state batteries --- pulse power storage --- cycling performance --- energy storage and conversion --- anode material --- carbon nanostructures --- Li ion battery --- electrode materials --- Li2MoO3 --- lithium-ion conductivity --- lithium-ion batteries --- voltage attenuation --- methanol --- specific capacity --- lithium-ion battery --- sulfidation --- solid-state electrolyte --- lithium-rich layered oxide --- Li-rich layered oxide --- carbon microfibers --- specific capacitance --- nanostructure --- green synthesis route --- 0.5Li2MnO3·0.5LiMn0.8Ni0.1Co0.1O2 --- ZIF-67 --- co-precipitation method --- high-rate supercapacitor --- LiFePO4/C composite --- AC filtering --- sol–gel method --- electrochemical performance --- cross-linked carbon nanofiber

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Many agricultural crops worldwide suffer from zinc (Zn) deficiency. Despite widespread interest in Zn, plant professionals often lack current information on this indispensable essential mineral nutrient. G. Hacisalihoglu, PhD, in Unraveling the Mechanisms of Zinc Efficiency in Crop Plants, and a host of recognized experts address this gap with the up-to-date importance of Zn nutrition. This book examines research aimed at understanding how plants uptake and utilize Zn. It has been peer-reviewed and multi-authored by expert plant biology scientists with related expertise. The editor provides a comprehensive overview of zinc (Zn) nutrition in plants, seeds, roots, and soil, which renders this book a good reference for plant biology professionals. Agricultural sustainability in the time of the growing world population will be one of the major challenges in the next 30 plus years. Zn is one of the most important essential mineral nutrients required for metabolic processes, so a shortage of Zn constrains crop yield and quality worldwide. Zinc efficiency and higher growth and yield under low Zn supply make it a promising sustainable solution for developing cultivars that are zinc efficient. Several articles are included in this book that provide an overview of current developments and trends in the times of high-throughput genomics and phenomics data analysis. Furthermore, this book presents research findings in various experimental models and areas ranging from maize to alfalfa, flax, and sorghum.Unraveling the Mechanisms of Zinc Efficiency in Crop Plants is a must read for researchers and plant biology professionals.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Technology, engineering, agriculture --- zinc --- sustainability --- food security --- seed quality --- zinc efficiency --- staple foods --- crops --- functional genomics --- homeostasis --- hormonal regulation --- iron --- maize --- malnutrition --- photosynthesis --- Adsorption --- desorption --- landscape position --- isotherm --- plant available Zn --- bioindication --- bryophytes --- moss --- cell shape --- particulate matter --- biofortification --- micronutrients --- nutrient uptake --- plant nutrition --- ZIP transporters --- nicotianamine --- metal tolerance protein (MTP) --- yellow stripe-like protein (YSL) --- zinc-induced facilitators (ZIF) --- heavy metal transporters (HMA) --- sodium selenate --- zinc sulfate --- cereal --- rainfed conditions --- forage yield --- 65Zn --- soil --- soil solution --- barley --- lability --- specific activity --- potential buffer capacity --- forms --- labile zinc pool --- silicon --- Zn-deficiency --- Zn-sufficiency --- Zn re-fertilization --- n/a --- nutrient dense --- superfood --- multi minerals --- health benefits --- gluten free --- percent daily value --- elevated CO2

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The sensation of flavor reflects the complex integration of aroma, taste, texture, and chemesthetic (oral and nasal irritation cues) from a food or food component. Flavor is a major determinant of food palatability—the extent to which a food is accepted or rejected—and can profoundly influence diet selection, nutrition, and health. Despite recent progress, gaps in knowledge still remain regarding how taste and flavor cues are detected at the periphery, conveyed by the brainstem to higher cortical levels, and then interpreted as a conscious sensation. Taste signals are also projected to central feeding centers where they can regulate hunger and fullness. Individual differences in sensory perceptions are also well known and can arise from genetic variation, environmental causes, or a variety of metabolic diseases, such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, and cancer. Genetic taste/smell variation could predispose individuals to these same diseases. Recent findings have opened new avenues of inquiry, suggesting that fatty acids and carbohydrates may provide nutrient-specific signals informing the gut and brain of the nature of the ingested nutrients. This Special Issue, Taste, Nutrition, and Health, presents original research communications and comprehensive reviews on topics of broad interest to researchers and educators in sensory science, nutrition, physiology, public health, and health care.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Food & society --- acceptability --- food development --- sensory attributes --- CATA --- dietotherapy --- aromas --- linoleic acid --- gustation --- hedonic --- BDNF --- fat taste --- c-Fos --- Zif-268 --- Glut-1 --- sweeteners --- sugar reduction --- psychophysical dose-response --- sweetness growth rate --- sweetness potency --- cross-cultural --- food liking --- sensory --- questionnaire --- fMRI --- caffeine --- taste --- memory --- sensory evaluation --- tea --- EGCG --- hedonics --- sweet taste --- psychophysics --- nutrition --- diet --- threshold --- intensity --- liking --- sweetness --- taste test --- individual differences --- classification method --- taste perception --- umami --- carbohydrate --- sweet --- salt --- bitter --- physical activity --- basic tastes --- taste reception --- smell --- dysgeusia --- burning sensation --- halitosis --- saliva --- caries --- primary Sjögren’s syndrome --- non-SS sicca syndrome --- sweet liking --- fat liking --- e-cigarettes --- body mass index --- dietary behaviors --- tobacco --- cigarettes --- chronic smoking --- electrophysiological recording from human tongue --- fat perception --- CD36 --- PROP tasting --- grapefruit --- consumer --- naringin --- aroma --- color --- satiety --- tastants --- food intake --- intraduodenal infusion --- intraileal infusion --- overweight --- weight management --- Obesity --- eating behavior --- prebiotics --- microbiota --- sex differences --- biopsychosocial --- children --- brain imaging --- smell sensitivity --- olfaction --- staircase --- QUEST --- choice --- familiarity --- PROP --- food neophobia --- sensitivity to disgust --- sensitivity to punishment --- vegetables --- caffeinated beverages --- bitterness --- astringency --- taste preference questionnaire --- validation --- European children --- adolescents --- adults --- genetics --- food preferences --- heritability --- candidate gene --- GWAS --- adiposity --- polygenic risk score --- n/a --- primary Sjögren's syndrome