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En six années, de 1985 à 1991, une révolution inimaginable a bouleversé le monde et l'Europe: l'utopie communiste, le système totalitaire, l'Empire soviétique se sont écroulés pour disparaître à jamais. Ce ne fut pas une catastrophe aux accents wagnériens, comme celle qui emporta l'autre totalitarisme du XXe siècle, le nazisme, mais un changement paisible dû à la simple initiative d'hommes de bonne volonté et de peuples excédés par ce système. À l'origine de ce bouleversement, un homme, Mikhaïl Gorbatchev, qui a compris qu'il fallait rénover le système politique de l'empire, puis Boris Eltsine, qui incarnera la chute de l'Union soviétique et le retour de la Russie sur la scène mondiale. Ce fut un miracle comme l'histoire en connaît peu. Étrangement, un quart de siècle plus tard, cette extraordinaire série d'événements - la disparition en douceur d'un immense empire surarmé, d'un système étatique tout-puissant que l'on disait et pensait éternel et la fin de la guerre froide - tient peu de place dans la mémoire collective. C'est cette histoire, celle de ces six années qui ont radicalement changé le monde, qu'Hélène Carrère d'Encausse, qui fut un témoin privilégié de ces événements, raconte dans ce livre.

URSS --- Politique et gouvernement --- Communisme --- Violence politique --- BPB1601 --- Histoire --- Politiek geweld --- USSR --- Geschiedenis --- HistoireCommunisme --- URSS -- Politique et gouvernement -- 1985-1991 --- URSS -- 1985-1991 --- História --- ιστορία --- storja --- histori --- historie --- historia --- história --- история --- stair --- geschiedenis --- történettudomány --- povijest --- zgodovina --- history --- историја --- Geschichtswissenschaft --- storia --- istorija --- ajalugu --- vēsture --- istorie --- Geschichte --- historiografie --- storiografia --- dějiny národů --- historiador --- dějepis --- historická věda --- történelem --- NSV Liit --- ZSRR --- PSRS --- Aontas na bPoblachtaí Sóivéadacha Sóisialacha --- TSRS --- BRSS --- SSSR --- ΕΣΣΔ --- Svaz sovětských socialistických republik --- ZSSR --- SZSZKSZ --- UdSSR --- СССР --- NL --- buvusioji TSRS --- Padomju Savienība --- Sovjet-Unie --- Neuvostoliitto --- former USSR --- Unión de Repúblicas Socialistas Soviéticas --- Σοβιετική Ένωση --- предишен СССР --- поранешен СССР --- ancienne URSS --- Ένωση Σοβιετικών Σοσιαλιστικών Δημοκρατιών --- ish BRSS --- πρώην ΕΣΣΔ --- Сојуз на Советските Социјалистички Републики --- ehemalige UdSSR --- Unione delle Repubbliche socialiste sovietiche --- kraje byłego ZSRR --- före detta USSR --- Nõukogude Liit --- Union soviétique --- ex URSS --- Unión Soviética --- antigua URSS --- Sowjetunion --- ex-URSS --- Совјетски Савез --- Socialistiska sovjetrepublikernas union --- antigua Unión Soviética --- бивши СССР --- Szovjetunió --- Soviet Union --- bivši SSSR --- țări din fosta URSS --- Union des républiques socialistes soviétiques --- bývalý SSSR --- ex-União Soviética --- Szovjet Szocialista Köztársaságok Szövetsége --- União Soviética --- a volt Szovjetunió --- nekdanja ZSSR --- União das Repúblicas Socialistas Soviéticas --- entinen NL --- Sovjetunionen --- Sovietsky zväz --- Unione Sovietica --- a volt SZSZKSZ --- Sovětský svaz --- Uniunea Sovietică --- bývalý ZSSR --- Советски Сојуз --- Bashkimi Sovietik --- voormalige USSR --- bijusī PSRS --- Tarybų Sąjunga --- politikai erőszak --- политичко насиље --- politisk vold --- политическо насилие --- poliittinen väkivalta --- poliitiline vägivald --- politinė prievarta --- политичко насилство --- violencia política --- violenza politica --- political violence --- πολιτική βία --- politiskā vardarbība --- vjolenza politika --- političko nasilje --- politické násilí --- dhunë politike --- politische Gewalt --- przemoc polityczna --- violență politică --- politiek geweld --- politično nasilje --- violência política --- politiskt våld --- politické násilie --- rivoluzione --- револуција --- vallankumous --- forradalom --- atentát --- герила --- Revolution --- guerrilha --- guerile --- Guerillabewegung --- révolution --- revolução --- guerrilla --- guerriglia --- revolutsioon --- gerilla --- gerillaháború --- gherilă --- revolucion --- επανάσταση --- revoluție --- αντάρτικο --- revolúcia --- revolucija --- revolūcija --- partisan --- revoliucija --- revolta --- partizānu karš --- revoluce --- partizanas --- sissi --- guérilla --- revolution --- revolución --- politikai kényszer --- guerilla --- lotta armata --- επαναστατική δράση --- gerila --- revolutie --- Komuniżmu --- komunizm --- communisme --- comunismo --- комунизам --- komunisms --- komunizam --- komunizmus --- kommunisme --- komunizmas --- kommunizmus --- komunismus --- kommunism --- kommunismi --- comunism --- komunizëm --- komunizem --- Kommunismus --- κομμουνισμός --- комунизъм --- Communism --- reálný socialismus --- reformní komunismus --- komunistické hnutí --- комунистичка идеологија --- реалсоцијализам --- komunistické učení --- komunistická ideologie --- komunistički režim --- anarchokomunismus --- bolševismus --- Politics and government --- foréigean polaitiúil --- cumannachas --- APSS --- Soviet Union - Politics and government - 1985-1991.

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Systematic study of the geography distribution of the wood-processing industry has received recent Soviet attention, yet the results have been disappointing. Soviet work has been descriptive and lacking in critical analysis of the location problem. In particular, there has been little, if any, attempt to assess the geographic distribution of the industry within the general context of location theory and to evaluate the role played by individual location factors. This monograph is a case study in the application of linear programming techniques to the analysis of transportation patterns within the wood-processing industry. It will add to North American studies not only a knowledge of the location of wood-processing industries but also a better understanding of the factors which have influenced the location of wood-processing in the Soviet Union.(University of Toronto Department of Geography Research Publications No. 4).

Forest products industry --- Location --- Mathematical models. --- Forest industries --- Forestry industry --- Wood products industry --- Wood-using industries --- Plant products industry --- Mathematical models --- Sovetskaja Associacija Meždunarodnogo Prava --- Sowjetunion. --- Sowjetunion --- Soviet Union. --- Associacija Meždunarodnogo Prava --- Soviet Association of International Law --- Association of International Law --- Sowjetische Gesellschaft für Völkerrecht --- Gesellschaft für Völkerrecht --- Ассоциация Международного Права --- Rossijskaja Associacija Meždunarodnogo Prava --- Ber. ha-M. --- Berit ha-Moʻatsot --- ESSD --- FSSR --- Ittiḥād al-Sūfiyīt --- Ittiḥād-i Jamāhīr-i Ishtirākīyah-i Shūrāʼīyah --- Ittiḥād-i Shūrav --- KhSHM --- PSRS --- Rusiyah --- Rusland --- Russia --- Russland --- Rusyah --- Sahaphāp Sōwīat --- Shūrav --- SNTL --- Sobhieṭ Ẏuniẏana --- Soi͡uz Radi͡ansʹkykh Sot͡sialistychnykh Respublik --- Soi͡uz Sovetskikh Sot͡sialisticheskikh Respublik --- Soi͡uz SSR --- Soṿet-Rusland --- Sovetakan Sotsʻialistakan Hanrapetutʻyunneri Miutʻyun --- Sovetakan Sotsʻialistakan Ṛespublikaneri Miutʻyun --- Sovetskiĭ Soi͡uz --- Sovetskiy Soyuz --- Soviyat Yūniyan --- Soyuz SSR --- SRSR --- SSHM --- SSR Kavširi --- SSṚM --- SSSR --- Su-lien --- Szovjetuni --- Tarybų Socialistinių Respublikų Sąjunga --- TSRS --- UdSSR --- Uni Soviet --- Uni Sovjet --- Unión de Repúblicas Socialistas Soviéticas --- Union of Soviet Socialist Republics --- Union soviétique --- Unione Sovietica --- URSS --- USSR --- Zȯvlȯlt Kholboot Uls --- ZSRR --- ZSRS --- Związek Radziecki --- Związek Socjalistycznych Republik Radzieckich --- Związek Socjalistycznych Republik Sowieckich --- Republik-Republik Kesatuan Soviet Sosialis --- Sojuz Sovetskich Socialističeskich Respublik --- Union der Sozialistischen Sowjet-Republiken --- Union der SSR --- Union des Républiques Socialistes Soviétiques --- Padomju Sociālistiko Republiku Savienība --- SSṘM --- ZSSR --- Savez Sovjetskih Socijalističkih Republika --- Soviet Union --- Sojuz Radjans'kich Sozialističnich Respublik --- Şyra Sosjalist Cumhyrijjẹtlẹri Ittifakĭ --- Šura Socialist Gümhurietleri Ittipaky --- Šura Sosyalist Ǧümhuriyetleri Ittifaqï --- SSCB --- Союз Советских Социалистических Республик --- СССР --- 1923-25.12.1991

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A critical exploration of the human body in Eastern European and Russian filmBringing together a range of theoretical and critical approaches, this edited collection is the first book to examine representations of the body in Eastern European and Russian cinema after the Second World War. Drawing on the history of the region, as well as Western and Eastern scholarship on the body, the book focuses on three areas: the traumatized body, the body as a site of erotic pleasure, and the relationship between the body and history. Critically dissecting the different ideological and aesthetic ways human bodies are framed, The Cinematic Bodies of Eastern Europe and Russia also demonstrates how bodily discourses oscillate between complicity and subversion, and how they shaped individuals and societies both during and after the period of state socialism.Case studies include:Andrzej Wajda’s War TrilogyBéla Tarr’s SatantangoWiktor GrodeckiIlya Khrzhanovsky’s 4Györgi Pálfi‘s TaxidermiaCzechoslovak New WaveYugoslav Socialist RealismContributors:Malgorzata Bugaj, University of Edinburgh and the University of StirlingHelena Goscilo, Ohio State UniversityNebojša Jovanović, Central European UniversityHajnal Király, Eötvös Lóránd UniversityEwa Mazierska, University of Central LancashireAlexandar Mihailovic, Hofstra UniversityMatilda Mroz, University of SussexDorota Ostrowska, Birkbeck College, University of LondonElżbieta Ostrowska, University of AlbertaÁgnes Pethő, Sapientia Hungarian University of TransylvaniaDavid Sorfa, University of EdinburghCalum Watt, King’s College LondonBruce Williams, William Paterson University

Film --- Russia --- Eastern and Central Europe --- Motion pictures --- Human body in motion pictures. --- Body, Human, in motion pictures --- Cinema --- Feature films --- Films --- Movies --- Moving-pictures --- Audio-visual materials --- Mass media --- Performing arts --- History and criticism --- Europe, Eastern. --- Russia (Federation) --- Osteuropa --- Russland --- Sowjetunion --- Europe, Eastern --- East Europe --- UdSSR --- SSSR --- Republik-Republik Kesatuan Soviet Sosialis --- Sojuz Sovetskich Socialističeskich Respublik --- Union der Sozialistischen Sowjet-Republiken --- Union der SSR --- Union of Soviet Socialist Republics --- USSR --- Union des Républiques Socialistes Soviétiques --- URSS --- Padomju Sociālistiko Republiku Savienība --- PSRS --- SSṘM --- ZSSR --- TSRS --- Savez Sovjetskih Socijalističkih Republika --- Soviet Union --- SSHM --- Sojuz Radjans'kich Sozialističnich Respublik --- SRSR --- Şyra Sosjalist Cumhyrijjẹtlẹri Ittifakĭ --- Šura Socialist Gümhurietleri Ittipaky --- Šura Sosyalist Ǧümhuriyetleri Ittifaqï --- SSCB --- Союз Советских Социалистических Республик --- СССР --- 1923-25.12.1991 --- Rußland --- Krievija --- Federazione Russa --- RF --- Großrussland --- Großrußland --- Rossijskaja Imperija --- Russie --- Empire de Russie --- Russian Federation --- Federacja Rosyjska --- Rosja --- Rossija --- Rossijskaja Federacija --- Russische Föderation --- Russisches Reich --- РФ --- Российская Федерация --- Российская Империя --- Russische SFSR --- -1917 --- 25.12.1991 --- -Europa --- Östliches Europa --- Central Europe --- Osteuropäer --- Europa --- Ostblock --- Ostmitteleuropa --- Eluosi (Federation) --- Federation of Russia --- Federazione della Russia --- Federazione russa --- O-lo-ssu (Federation) --- OKhU --- Orosyn Kholboony Uls --- Pravitelʹstvo RF --- Pravitelʹstvo Rossii --- Pravitelʹstvo Rossiĭskoĭ Federat︠s︡ii --- Roshia Renpō --- Rosiĭsʹka Federat︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Rosja (Federation) --- Rossii︠a︡ (Federation) --- Rossiĭskai︠a︡ Federat︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Rossiya (Federation) --- Rossiyskaya Federatsiya --- Russian S.F.S.R. --- Russische Föderation --- Urysye Federat︠s︡ie --- Pravitelʹstvo RF --- Pravitelʹstvo Rossii --- Pravitelʹstvo Rossiĭskoĭ Federat︠s︡ii --- Roshia Renpō --- Rosiĭsʹka Federat︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Rossii︠a︡ (Federation) --- Rossiĭskai︠a︡ Federat︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Russische Föderation --- Urysye Federat︠s︡ie --- Sojuz Sovetskich Socialističeskich Respublik --- Union des Républiques Socialistes Soviétiques --- Padomju Sociālistiko Republiku Savienība --- SSṘM --- Savez Sovjetskih Socijalističkih Republika --- Sojuz Radjans'kich Sozialističnich Respublik --- Şyra Sosjalist Cumhyrijjẹtlẹri Ittifakĭ --- Šura Socialist Gümhurietleri Ittipaky --- Šura Sosyalist Ǧümhuriyetleri Ittifaqï

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This book explores Benjamin Britten's creative relationship with Russia throughout his life by examining his engagement with Russian composers, musicians and writers in the context of twentieth-century politics. The remarkable relationship between Britten and Shostakovich is a central theme, but it also evaluates other key influences, particularly Britten's passion for Tchaikovsky, his more elusive fascination with Prokofiev, and his ambiguous attitude towards Stravinsky; and it places Britten's enduring friendships with Rostropovich, Vishnevskaya and Richter in the context of his musical output. The book also analyses Britten's responses to various Russian composers and musicians - why, for example, did he dislike Musorgsky? - and considers personal and political perceptions of Britten inthe Soviet Union. Finally, it assesses the wider question of Russian influence on Britten's works and in turn whether Britten's music had any influence on the younger generation of Russian composers,such as Alfred Schnittke. This study draws on Foreign Office and British Council files at the National Archives, published and unpublished material from the former Soviet Union, including the Shostakovich Family Archive, and oral history, in addition to the Britten-related archives. Benjamin Britten and Russia will appeal not only to Britten scholars and students but also to those interested in twentieth-century culture, history and politics more widely.

CAMERON PYKE is Deputy Master (External) at Dulwich College and part-time lecturer at the Centre of Russian Music, Goldsmiths, University of London.

Composers --- Music --- Compositeurs --- Musique --- Biography --- History and criticism --- Biographies --- Histoire et critique --- Britten, Benjamin, --- Criticism and interpretation. --- Travel --- Soviet Union. --- Russland. --- Sowjetunion. --- Britten, Edward Benjamin --- Britten, Benjamin --- Britten, Benjamin E. --- Ber. ha-M. --- Berit ha-Moʻatsot --- ESSD --- FSSR --- Ittiḥād al-Sūfiyīt --- Ittiḥād-i Jamāhīr-i Ishtirākīyah-i Shūrāʼīyah --- Ittiḥād-i Shūrav --- KhSHM --- PSRS --- Rusiyah --- Rusland --- Russia --- Russland --- Rusyah --- Sahaphāp Sōwīat --- Shūrav --- SNTL --- Sobhieṭ Ẏuniẏana --- Soi͡uz Radi͡ansʹkykh Sot͡sialistychnykh Respublik --- Soi͡uz Sovetskikh Sot͡sialisticheskikh Respublik --- Soi͡uz SSR --- Soṿet-Rusland --- Sovetakan Sotsʻialistakan Hanrapetutʻyunneri Miutʻyun --- Sovetakan Sotsʻialistakan Ṛespublikaneri Miutʻyun --- Sovetskiĭ Soi͡uz --- Sovetskiy Soyuz --- Soviyat Yūniyan --- Soyuz SSR --- SRSR --- SSHM --- SSR Kavširi --- SSṚM --- SSSR --- Su-lien --- Szovjetuni --- Tarybų Socialistinių Respublikų Sąjunga --- TSRS --- UdSSR --- Uni Soviet --- Uni Sovjet --- Unión de Repúblicas Socialistas Soviéticas --- Union of Soviet Socialist Republics --- Union soviétique --- Unione Sovietica --- URSS --- USSR --- Zȯvlȯlt Kholboot Uls --- ZSRR --- ZSRS --- Związek Radziecki --- Związek Socjalistycznych Republik Radzieckich --- Związek Socjalistycznych Republik Sowieckich --- Republik-Republik Kesatuan Soviet Sosialis --- Sojuz Sovetskich Socialističeskich Respublik --- Union der Sozialistischen Sowjet-Republiken --- Union der SSR --- Union des Républiques Socialistes Soviétiques --- Padomju Sociālistiko Republiku Savienība --- SSṘM --- ZSSR --- Savez Sovjetskih Socijalističkih Republika --- Soviet Union --- Sojuz Radjans'kich Sozialističnich Respublik --- Şyra Sosjalist Cumhyrijjẹtlẹri Ittifakĭ --- Šura Socialist Gümhurietleri Ittipaky --- Šura Sosyalist Ǧümhuriyetleri Ittifaqï --- SSCB --- Союз Советских Социалистических Республик --- СССР --- 1923-25.12.1991 --- Rußland --- Krievija --- Federazione Russa --- RF --- Großrussland --- Großrußland --- Rossijskaja Imperija --- Russie --- Empire de Russie --- Russian Federation --- Federacja Rosyjska --- Rosja --- Rossija --- Rossijskaja Federacija --- Russische Föderation --- Russisches Reich --- РФ --- Российская Федерация --- Российская Империя --- Russische SFSR --- -1917 --- 25.12.1991 --- -Britten, Benjamin, --- Sojuz Sovetskich Socialističeskich Respublik --- Union des Républiques Socialistes Soviétiques --- Padomju Sociālistiko Republiku Savienība --- SSṘM --- Savez Sovjetskih Socijalističkih Republika --- Sojuz Radjans'kich Sozialističnich Respublik --- Şyra Sosjalist Cumhyrijjẹtlẹri Ittifakĭ --- Šura Socialist Gümhurietleri Ittipaky --- Šura Sosyalist Ǧümhuriyetleri Ittifaqï --- MUSIC / Genres & Styles / Classical. --- Art History. --- Benjamin Britten. --- Biography. --- Chamber music. --- Choral. --- Composer. --- Conductor. --- Dmitri Shostakovich. --- History. --- Music history. --- Music. --- Opera. --- Orchestra. --- Pianist. --- Politics. --- Russia. --- Russian Politics. --- Tchaikovsky. --- Twentieth-Century.

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Drawing from a variety of sources she demonstrates that theatrical estrangement is not only an abstract theoretical postulate, but also a practical artistic strategy shaped by the cultural and historical climate.

Law --- Philosophy --- History. --- Acts, Legislative --- Enactments, Legislative --- Laws (Statutes) --- Legislative acts --- Legislative enactments --- Experimental theater --- Soviet drama --- Alienation (Social psychology) --- History --- Political aspects --- History and criticism. --- Soviet literature --- Alienation, Social --- Disaffection (Social psychology) --- Estrangement (Social psychology) --- Rebels (Social psychology) --- Social alienation --- Social psychology --- Social isolation --- Alternative theater --- Avant-garde theater --- Theater --- Experimental drama, Russian --- Experimental drama, German --- Dramatics --- Histrionics --- Professional theater --- Stage --- Theatre --- Performing arts --- Acting --- Actors --- German experimental drama --- German drama --- Russian experimental drama --- Russian drama --- Jurisprudence --- Legislation --- Canada. --- Canada (Province) --- Canadae --- Ceanada --- Chanada --- Chanadey --- Dominio del Canadá --- Dominion of Canada --- Jianada --- Kʻaenada --- Kaineḍā --- Kanada --- Ḳanadah --- Kanadaja --- Kanadas --- Ḳanade --- Kanado --- Kanakā --- Province of Canada --- Republica de Canadá --- Yn Chanadey --- Sowjetunion. --- Sowjetunion --- Deutschland --- Russland --- Soviet Union. --- Germany. --- Experimentelles Theater --- Geschichte --- Alemania --- Ashkenaz --- BRD --- Bu̇gd Naĭramdakh German Uls --- Bundesrepublik Deutschland --- Deguo --- Deutsches Reich --- Doitsu --- Doitsu Renpō Kyōwakoku --- Federal Republic of Germany --- Federalʹna Respublika Nimechchyny --- FRN --- Gėrman --- German Uls --- Germania --- Germanii︠a︡ --- Germanyah --- Gjermani --- Grossdeutsches Reich --- Jirmānīya --- KhBNGU --- Kholboony Bu̇gd Naĭramdakh German Uls --- Nimechchyna --- Repoblika Federalin'i Alemana --- República de Alemania --- República Federal de Alemania --- Republika Federal Alemmana --- Vācijā --- Veĭmarskai︠a︡ Respublika --- Weimar Republic --- Weimarer Republik --- Germany (East) --- Germany (West) --- Europe --- Ber. ha-M. --- Berit ha-Moʻatsot --- ESSD --- FSSR --- Ittiḥād al-Sūfiyīt --- Ittiḥād-i Jamāhīr-i Ishtirākīyah-i Shūrāʼīyah --- Ittiḥād-i Shūrav --- KhSHM --- PSRS --- Rusiyah --- Rusland --- Russia --- Rusyah --- Sahaphāp Sōwīat --- Shūrav --- SNTL --- Sobhieṭ Ẏuniẏana --- Soi͡uz Radi͡ansʹkykh Sot͡sialistychnykh Respublik --- Soi͡uz Sovetskikh Sot͡sialisticheskikh Respublik --- Soi͡uz SSR --- Soṿet-Rusland --- Sovetakan Sotsʻialistakan Hanrapetutʻyunneri Miutʻyun --- Sovetakan Sotsʻialistakan Ṛespublikaneri Miutʻyun --- Sovetskiĭ Soi͡uz --- Sovetskiy Soyuz --- Soviyat Yūniyan --- Soyuz SSR --- SRSR --- SSHM --- SSR Kavširi --- SSṚM --- SSSR --- Su-lien --- Szovjetuni --- Tarybų Socialistinių Respublikų Sąjunga --- TSRS --- UdSSR --- Uni Soviet --- Uni Sovjet --- Unión de Repúblicas Socialistas Soviéticas --- Union of Soviet Socialist Republics --- Union soviétique --- Unione Sovietica --- URSS --- USSR --- Zȯvlȯlt Kholboot Uls --- ZSRR --- ZSRS --- Związek Radziecki --- Związek Socjalistycznych Republik Radzieckich --- Związek Socjalistycznych Republik Sowieckich --- Deutsche Länder --- Germany --- Heiliges Römisches Reich --- Rheinbund --- Deutscher Bund --- Norddeutscher Bund --- Republic of Germany --- Allemagne --- Ǧumhūrīyat Almāniyā al-Ittiḥādīya --- Niemcy --- République Fédérale d'Allemagne --- Repubblica Federale di Germania --- Germanija --- Federativnaja Respublika Germanija --- FRG --- Deyizhi-Lianbang-Gongheguo --- Deutsche --- Deutsches Sprachgebiet --- 03.10.1990 --- -UdSSR --- Republik-Republik Kesatuan Soviet Sosialis --- Sojuz Sovetskich Socialističeskich Respublik --- Union der Sozialistischen Sowjet-Republiken --- Union der SSR --- Union des Républiques Socialistes Soviétiques --- Padomju Sociālistiko Republiku Savienība --- SSṘM --- ZSSR --- Savez Sovjetskih Socijalističkih Republika --- Soviet Union --- Sojuz Radjans'kich Sozialističnich Respublik --- Şyra Sosjalist Cumhyrijjẹtlẹri Ittifakĭ --- Šura Socialist Gümhurietleri Ittipaky --- Šura Sosyalist Ǧümhuriyetleri Ittifaqï --- SSCB --- Союз Советских Социалистических Республик --- СССР --- 1923-25.12.1991