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Study for the implementation in Belgium of the Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit Sharing to the Convention on Biological Diversity, commissioned by the Federal Public Service for Health, Food Chain Safety and the Environment, Environment Directorate-General, Service for multilateral and strategic matters (SPSCAE; Bruxelles Environnement/Leefmilieu Brussel (IBGE-BIM); Vlaamse overheid, Departement Leefmilieu, Natuur en Energie (LNE); Service public de Wallonie, Direction générale opérationnelle Agriculture, Ressources naturelles et Environnement (DGARNE).

Nagoya Protocol --- access and benefit-sharing (ABS) --- Belgium --- Convention on Biological Diversity --- genetic resources

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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

Science: general issues --- Botany & plant sciences --- access and benefit-sharing --- biosafety --- intellectual property --- plant genetic resources --- research and breeding

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The adoption of the Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit-sharing to the Convention on Biological Diversity in 2010 is a major landmark for the global governance of genetic resources and traditional knowledge. The way in which it will be translated into practice will however depend on the concrete implementation in national country legislation across the world. Implementing the Nagoya Protocol compares existing ABS regimes in ten European countries, including one non-EU member and one EU candidate country, and critically explores several cross-cutting issues related to the implementation of the Nagoya Protocol in the EU. Gathering some of the most professional and widely acclaimed experts in ABS issues, this book takes a major step towards filling a gap in the vast body of literature on national and regional implementation of global commitments regarding ABS and traditional knowledge.

Biodiversity conservation --- Nature conservation --- Renewable natural resources --- Sustanable development --- Germplasm resources conservation --- Law and legislation --- Convention on Biological Diversity --- Access and Benefit-sharing (ABS)

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When the oral history of a medicinal plant as a genetic resource is used to develop a blockbuster drug, how is the contribution of indigenous peoples recognized in research and commercialization? What other ethical, legal, and policy issues come into play? Is it accurate for countries to self-identify as users or providers of genetic resources? This edited collection, which focuses on Canada, is the result of research conducted in partnership with indigenous peoples in that country, where melting permafrost and new sea lanes have opened the region's biodiversity, underscoring Canada's status as a user and provider of genetic resources and associated indigenous knowledge. This work is an important resource for scholars, corporations, indigenous peoples, policymakers, and concerned citizens as Canada and other countries take on the implementation of Access and Benefit Sharing policies over genetic resources and associated indigenous knowledge. This book is also available as Open Access.

Germplasm resources --- Medicinal plants --- Traditional medicine --- Indigenous peoples --- Oral history --- Research --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- Ethnic medicine --- Ethnomedicine --- Folk medicine --- Home cures --- Home medicine --- Home remedies --- Indigenous medicine --- Medical folklore --- Medicine, Primitive --- Primitive medicine --- Surgery, Primitive --- Alternative medicine --- Folklore --- Medical anthropology --- Ethnopharmacology --- Drug plants --- Plants, Useful --- Botanical drug industry --- Botany, Medical --- Materia medica, Vegetable --- Psychotropic plants --- Gene resources --- Genetic resources --- Germ plasm resources --- Resources, Germplasm --- Breeding --- Genetics --- Natural resources --- History --- Oral biography --- Oral tradition --- Methodology --- Ethnology --- biopiracy --- ABS --- access and benefit sharing --- aboriginal rights --- Indigenous rights --- Nagoya Protocol

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The papers included in this Special Issue address a variety of important aspects of plant biodiversity and genetic resources, including definitions, descriptions, and illustrations of different components and their value for food and nutrition security, breeding, and environmental services. Furthermore, comprehensive information is provided regarding conservation approaches and techniques for plant genetic resources, policy aspects, and results of biological, genetic, morphological, economic, social, and breeding-related research activities. The complexity and vulnerability of (plant) biodiversity and its inherent genetic resources, as an integral part of the contextual ecosystem and the human web of life, are clearly demonstrated in this Special Issue, and for several encountered problems and constraints, possible approaches or solutions are presented to overcome these.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- climate change --- combined drought and heat stress --- drought --- heat --- landraces --- maize --- Rhododendron --- conservation strategies --- genetic differentiation --- gene flow --- populations contraction --- AFLP --- genetic diversity --- invasive --- Poaceae --- population genetics --- range expansion --- genebanks --- forage germplasm --- grasses --- legumes --- seed storage --- conservation --- seed longevity --- seed germination --- monitoring --- regeneration --- pea landraces --- Amorgos --- Schinoussa --- DNA Barcoding --- ISSR genotyping --- HRM analysis --- powdery mildew --- ex situ conservation --- germination --- longevity --- plant genetic resources --- agrobiodiversity --- genebank --- genebank management --- seed physiology --- seed quality management --- Carthamus tinctorius --- genotyping by sequencing --- germplasm characterization --- GWAS --- oilseed crop --- DArT markers --- macadamia --- dendrogram --- principal coordinate analysis --- population structure --- wild species --- malnutrition --- food security --- vegetables --- genetic resources --- home gardens --- community seedbanks --- variety introduction --- vegetable breeding --- high-throughput phenotyping --- statistical modelling --- phenotypic breeding --- genomic selection --- Solanum chacoense --- stress tolerance --- Brassica oleracea --- diversity --- SNP --- atolls --- leafy vegetables --- non-communicable diseases (NCD) --- nutrition security --- mineral nutrients --- natural biofortification --- crop wild relatives --- biological features --- use --- local --- national and global efforts --- policy --- gene donors --- pre-breeding --- breeding --- cross-sectoral collaboration --- crop wild relatives (CWR) --- drylands --- Kitui county --- wild food plants --- Cyprus --- domestication --- microsatellites --- Vitis vinifera subsp. sativa --- Vitis vinifera subsp. Sylvestris --- Fraxinus spp. --- manna --- local varieties nSSR --- cpSSR --- cytometry --- morphological traits --- documentation --- agricultural biodiversity --- wheat --- genome-wide association studies --- association mapping --- stripe rust --- anti-inflammatory activity --- antioxidants --- catechin --- Erodium crassifolium --- underutilized species --- agro-biodiversity --- centres of origin --- geographic distribution --- phylogenetic diversity --- useful plants --- Vavilov centres --- plant breeding --- climate change adaptation --- developing countries --- Punica protopunica Balf. --- Punica granatum L. --- Punica genera --- Lythraceae --- nitrogen fixation --- symbiosis --- bean --- landrace --- PPB --- participatory breeding --- climate resilient --- Honduras --- banana --- desiccation tolerance --- Musa --- Papua New Guinea --- seed conservation --- seed storage behaviour --- crop diversity --- drought tolerance --- genetic approaches --- neglected and underutilized species --- plant genetic resources for food and agriculture --- access and benefit sharing --- multilateral system --- CGIAR --- nutrition data --- multi-sectoral collaboration --- payment for ecosystem services --- payment for environmental services --- agrobiodiversity conservation --- agricultural adaptation --- clonal crops --- collection management --- cryobiotechnology --- cryopreservation --- field collections --- field maintenance --- germplasm storage --- in vitro conservation --- recalcitrant seeds --- genetic erosion --- ex situ and in situ conservation --- diversification --- sustainability --- food and nutrition security --- crop genetic resources --- diagnostics --- germplasm --- crop breeding --- pathogen --- pest --- Plant Treaty --- phytosanitary regulations --- transboundary pests --- invasive species --- prevention --- quarantine --- seed --- seed health --- virus indexing