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This book presents contributions from scientists who are directly involved in the potential of marine enzymes as useful tools in biocatalysis; the results of enzymatic bioprospecting in gross marine environments are acknowledged, including two review articles on general enzymatic processes and microalgal enzymes. In addition, studies on structural characterizations, biological functions and aspects related to the complexity of marine enzyme-based bioprocesses are discussed. Prominent conclusions by many scientists in the field of marine biotechnology emphasize that, due to marine biological diversity and the specificity of biological marine metabolisms, the study of biocatalysts on a global scale from this environment is just starting, and possesses huge potential for the development of applications with industrial benefits.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- metalloprotease --- adsorption analysis --- molecular docking --- affinity purification --- aminophenylboronic acid --- alginate degradation --- 4-deoxy-l-erythro-5-hexoseulose uronic acid (DEH) metabolism --- Bacteroidetes --- Proteobacteria --- Flavobacterium --- 2-keto-3-deoxy-d-gluconate (KDG) kinase --- 2-keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphogluconate (KDPG) aldolase --- alginate-derived products --- marine enzymes --- biocatalysts --- bioprocesses --- biorefinery --- seafood --- marine biomarkers --- collagenase --- fermentation optimization --- collagen --- Pseudoalteromonas --- antioxidant peptides --- microcystin-degrading bacteria --- mycotoxin --- protease --- esterase --- inhibitor --- marine agent --- Catenovulum --- alkaline and cold-adapted dextranase --- isomaltoogligosaccharides --- biofilm --- dental caries --- growing cells --- resting cells --- asymmetric reduction --- marine fungi --- chiral alcohols --- alginate lyase --- marine bacterium --- Bacillus sp. Alg07 --- purification --- alginate oligosaccharides --- Vibrio weizhoudaoensis --- PL7 family --- salt-activated enzyme --- Serratia marcescens --- polyM-specific --- oligosaccharides --- Isoptericola halotolerans --- bifunctional alginate lyase --- α-d-galactosidase --- homology model --- GH 36 family --- mutation --- transglycosylation --- marine bacteria --- Pseudoalteromonas sp. KMM 701 --- leucine dehydrogenase --- cold-adapted --- Antarctic bacterium --- sea-ice --- homology modeling --- fucoidan --- endo-fucoidanase --- galactofucan --- molecular stabilisation --- Sargassum mcclurei --- Turbinaria ornata --- Alteromonas --- deep sea --- cold-adapted enzyme --- β-galactosidase --- lactose-free milk --- chitosanases --- chitin deacetylase --- deacetylation patterns --- chitooligosaccharides --- separating --- detecting --- expression --- deep-sea enzyme --- pCold vector --- Ascophyllum nodosum --- algal cell wall degrading enzymes --- enzyme-assisted extraction --- ichip device --- quorum quenching enzyme --- error prone PCR --- high-throughput screening --- site-directed mutagenesis --- catalytic ability --- Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (Pcc) --- Alginate lyase --- Thermo-tolerant --- pH-stability --- Endo-manner --- Vibrio sp. SY01 --- polysaccharide lyase of family 6 --- characterization --- degradation pattern --- microalgae --- enzymes --- marine biotechnology --- -omics technologies --- heterologous expression --- homologous expression

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• Reference Manager
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This book presents contributions from scientists who are directly involved in the potential of marine enzymes as useful tools in biocatalysis; the results of enzymatic bioprospecting in gross marine environments are acknowledged, including two review articles on general enzymatic processes and microalgal enzymes. In addition, studies on structural characterizations, biological functions and aspects related to the complexity of marine enzyme-based bioprocesses are discussed. Prominent conclusions by many scientists in the field of marine biotechnology emphasize that, due to marine biological diversity and the specificity of biological marine metabolisms, the study of biocatalysts on a global scale from this environment is just starting, and possesses huge potential for the development of applications with industrial benefits.

metalloprotease --- adsorption analysis --- molecular docking --- affinity purification --- aminophenylboronic acid --- alginate degradation --- 4-deoxy-l-erythro-5-hexoseulose uronic acid (DEH) metabolism --- Bacteroidetes --- Proteobacteria --- Flavobacterium --- 2-keto-3-deoxy-d-gluconate (KDG) kinase --- 2-keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphogluconate (KDPG) aldolase --- alginate-derived products --- marine enzymes --- biocatalysts --- bioprocesses --- biorefinery --- seafood --- marine biomarkers --- collagenase --- fermentation optimization --- collagen --- Pseudoalteromonas --- antioxidant peptides --- microcystin-degrading bacteria --- mycotoxin --- protease --- esterase --- inhibitor --- marine agent --- Catenovulum --- alkaline and cold-adapted dextranase --- isomaltoogligosaccharides --- biofilm --- dental caries --- growing cells --- resting cells --- asymmetric reduction --- marine fungi --- chiral alcohols --- alginate lyase --- marine bacterium --- Bacillus sp. Alg07 --- purification --- alginate oligosaccharides --- Vibrio weizhoudaoensis --- PL7 family --- salt-activated enzyme --- Serratia marcescens --- polyM-specific --- oligosaccharides --- Isoptericola halotolerans --- bifunctional alginate lyase --- α-d-galactosidase --- homology model --- GH 36 family --- mutation --- transglycosylation --- marine bacteria --- Pseudoalteromonas sp. KMM 701 --- leucine dehydrogenase --- cold-adapted --- Antarctic bacterium --- sea-ice --- homology modeling --- fucoidan --- endo-fucoidanase --- galactofucan --- molecular stabilisation --- Sargassum mcclurei --- Turbinaria ornata --- Alteromonas --- deep sea --- cold-adapted enzyme --- β-galactosidase --- lactose-free milk --- chitosanases --- chitin deacetylase --- deacetylation patterns --- chitooligosaccharides --- separating --- detecting --- expression --- deep-sea enzyme --- pCold vector --- Ascophyllum nodosum --- algal cell wall degrading enzymes --- enzyme-assisted extraction --- ichip device --- quorum quenching enzyme --- error prone PCR --- high-throughput screening --- site-directed mutagenesis --- catalytic ability --- Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (Pcc) --- Alginate lyase --- Thermo-tolerant --- pH-stability --- Endo-manner --- Vibrio sp. SY01 --- polysaccharide lyase of family 6 --- characterization --- degradation pattern --- microalgae --- enzymes --- marine biotechnology --- -omics technologies --- heterologous expression --- homologous expression

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The marine environment is considered one of the most important sources of natural bioactive compounds with extremely rich biodiversity. Marine glycans are remarkable molecules, playing a determinant role in biological processes. Marine сarbohydrate-containing substances have drawn increasing attention in the field of biomedicine for their various biological activities, such as antitumor, antivirus, hypoglycemic, immunomodulatory, and anticoagulant. These compounds obtained from marine sources, such as algae, microbes, and animals, are usually biodegradable and biocompatible, and exhibit biological properties that contribute to the discovery of a wide range of new bioactive substances with special pharmacological properties of interest to medicine. Carbohydrate-based compounds include glycans, glycoproteins, proteoglycans, glycolipids, and low-molecular and complex glycosides of differential origin. Many of the polysaccharides allow for loading lower drug dosages, which may lead to a drastic reduction of the side effects caused by the drugs. In addition, the structure of polysaccharides can be relatively easily modified in order to synthesize derivatives with desirable characteristics for drug delivery. Complexes on the basis of carbohydrates are often prepared to improve their functional properties. In this Special Issue, we seek to contribute to the discussion of various aspects of marine carbohydrate-containing compounds and provide a unique platform for a new concept for their use in medicine in order to continue to facilitate further research in this area.

Medicine --- chitosan-gentamicin conjugate --- antimicrobial --- anti-inflammatory --- scald repair --- sulfated polysaccharides --- galactans --- green seaweed --- NMR --- immunostimulation --- inflammatory mediators --- carrageenan --- lipopolysaccharide --- macromolecular structure --- nonspecific resistance to lipopolysaccharide --- cytokines --- enteric infections --- salmonellosis --- glyceroglycolipid metabolism --- phosphate starvation --- transcriptome --- glyceroglycolipid homeostasis --- chitosan --- polyelectrolyte complex --- cytokine --- nitric oxide --- anti-inflammatory activity --- Ulva pertusa --- polysaccharides --- colitis --- antioxidant --- exopolysaccharide --- structure --- Vibrio alginolyticus --- Epidermist --- chitosan oligosaccharides --- inflammation cytokines --- intestine --- oxidative status --- oxidative stress --- Porphyridium marinum --- high pressure homogenizer --- antibacterial activity --- anti-biofilm activity --- anti-cancer activity --- alginate lyase --- cold-adapted --- exo/endo-type --- Alteromonas portus --- oligosaccharide --- antioxidant activity --- exopolysaccharides --- scandium --- theranostic --- cancer cell lines --- proliferation --- laminarin --- fucoidan --- gastrointestinal tract --- microbiome --- swine --- post-weaning --- antibiotic alternatives --- n/a