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Acceptance or rejection of implanted biomaterials is strongly dependent on an appropriate bio-interface between the biomaterial and its surrounding tissue. Given the fact that most bulk materials only provide mechanical stability for the implant and may not interact with tissues and fluids in vivo, surface modification and engineering of biomaterials plays a significant role towards addressing major clinical unmet challenges. Increasing data showed that altering surface properties including physiochemical, topographical, and mechanical characteristics, is a promising approach to tackle these problems. Surface engineering of biomaterials could influence the subsequent tissue and cellular events such as protein adsorption, cellular recolonization, adhesion, proliferation, migration, and the inflammatory response. Moreover, it could be based on mimicking the complex cell structure and environment or hierarchical nature of the bone. In this case, the design of nano/micrometer patterns and morphologies with control over their properties has been receiving the attention of biomaterial scientists due to the promising results for the relevant biomedical applications. This Special Issue presents original research papers that report on the current state-of-the-art in surface engineering of biomaterials, particularly implants and biomedical devices.

Research & information: general --- surface modification --- micro-powder blasting --- aluminum anodization --- micro/nano-structure --- cell culture --- electrophoretic deposition --- enamel remineralization --- bioactive glass --- spectrophotometry --- nanoindentation --- rhBMP-2 --- rhPDGF-BB --- heparin --- implant surface --- osseointegration --- bone regeneration --- beagle dog --- diamond-like carbon --- frictional property --- hydrogen content --- sp2/sp3 ratio --- hydroxyapatite --- titanium implants --- mineralizing solution --- solution plasma treatment

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Given that the threat of water shortage is expanding across the globe, the evolution of advanced technologies that enable water purification and, thus, water re-use in an energy and resource efficient manner are of great importance. In this regard, nanomaterials have been playing a crucial role and offering new opportunities for the construction of permeable and selective membranes and adsorbents. Such features are of paramount importance, particularly given the limited available energy resources. In this book, several recent studies are introduced that deal with water treatment via nanomaterial-based technologies. Such state-of-the-art technologies have employed nanomaterials that are made of polymer, composite, ceramic, and carbon, etc., and are shaped in various dimensionalities and forms such as particle (0D), fiber (1D), and film (2D–3D). The nanostructured membranes and adsorbents as well as photocatalytic nanosystems capable of active photodecomposition of organic pollutants, e.g., dyes, are the main focal points of discussion.

History of engineering & technology --- carbon --- nanofiber --- membrane --- urease --- biomolecules --- water treatment --- photocatalysis --- semi-passive --- anodization --- buoyant catalyst --- 2,4-D --- LED --- mesh --- biomass activated carbon --- methyl orange --- pulse electrodeposition --- zero valent iron nanoparticles --- nanocomposite fibers --- mineralization --- water remediation --- organic pollutants --- nanocatalysts --- nanomembranes --- nanosorbents --- nanomaterial applications --- waste water treatment --- nanomaterial challenges --- nanomaterials --- environmental risks --- selenium removal --- wastewater purification --- nanoadsorbents --- carbon magnetic iron oxide particles --- bench scale column extraction --- column kinetics --- nanomaterial --- adsorption --- nanohybrids --- ecotoxicology

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Given that the threat of water shortage is expanding across the globe, the evolution of advanced technologies that enable water purification and, thus, water re-use in an energy and resource efficient manner are of great importance. In this regard, nanomaterials have been playing a crucial role and offering new opportunities for the construction of permeable and selective membranes and adsorbents. Such features are of paramount importance, particularly given the limited available energy resources. In this book, several recent studies are introduced that deal with water treatment via nanomaterial-based technologies. Such state-of-the-art technologies have employed nanomaterials that are made of polymer, composite, ceramic, and carbon, etc., and are shaped in various dimensionalities and forms such as particle (0D), fiber (1D), and film (2D–3D). The nanostructured membranes and adsorbents as well as photocatalytic nanosystems capable of active photodecomposition of organic pollutants, e.g., dyes, are the main focal points of discussion.

History of engineering & technology --- carbon --- nanofiber --- membrane --- urease --- biomolecules --- water treatment --- photocatalysis --- semi-passive --- anodization --- buoyant catalyst --- 2,4-D --- LED --- mesh --- biomass activated carbon --- methyl orange --- pulse electrodeposition --- zero valent iron nanoparticles --- nanocomposite fibers --- mineralization --- water remediation --- organic pollutants --- nanocatalysts --- nanomembranes --- nanosorbents --- nanomaterial applications --- waste water treatment --- nanomaterial challenges --- nanomaterials --- environmental risks --- selenium removal --- wastewater purification --- nanoadsorbents --- carbon magnetic iron oxide particles --- bench scale column extraction --- column kinetics --- nanomaterial --- adsorption --- nanohybrids --- ecotoxicology

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Given that the threat of water shortage is expanding across the globe, the evolution of advanced technologies that enable water purification and, thus, water re-use in an energy and resource efficient manner are of great importance. In this regard, nanomaterials have been playing a crucial role and offering new opportunities for the construction of permeable and selective membranes and adsorbents. Such features are of paramount importance, particularly given the limited available energy resources. In this book, several recent studies are introduced that deal with water treatment via nanomaterial-based technologies. Such state-of-the-art technologies have employed nanomaterials that are made of polymer, composite, ceramic, and carbon, etc., and are shaped in various dimensionalities and forms such as particle (0D), fiber (1D), and film (2D–3D). The nanostructured membranes and adsorbents as well as photocatalytic nanosystems capable of active photodecomposition of organic pollutants, e.g., dyes, are the main focal points of discussion.

carbon --- nanofiber --- membrane --- urease --- biomolecules --- water treatment --- photocatalysis --- semi-passive --- anodization --- buoyant catalyst --- 2,4-D --- LED --- mesh --- biomass activated carbon --- methyl orange --- pulse electrodeposition --- zero valent iron nanoparticles --- nanocomposite fibers --- mineralization --- water remediation --- organic pollutants --- nanocatalysts --- nanomembranes --- nanosorbents --- nanomaterial applications --- waste water treatment --- nanomaterial challenges --- nanomaterials --- environmental risks --- selenium removal --- wastewater purification --- nanoadsorbents --- carbon magnetic iron oxide particles --- bench scale column extraction --- column kinetics --- nanomaterial --- adsorption --- nanohybrids --- ecotoxicology

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Although the seminal work of Fujishima et al. dates back to 1971, TiO2 still remains the most diffused and studied semiconductor, employed in photo-oxidation processes for cleantech (i.e., polluted water and air treatment), in solar fuel production (mainly hydrogen production by water photo splitting), and in Carbon Capture and Utilization (CCU) processes by CO2 photoreduction. The eleven articles, among them three reviews, in this book cover recent results and research trends of various aspects of titanium dioxide photocatalysis, with the chief aim of improving the final efficiency of TiO2-based materials. Strategies include doping, metal co-catalyst deposition, and the realization of composites with plasmonic materials, other semiconductors, and graphene. Photocatalysts with high efficiency and selectivity can be also obtained by controlling the precise crystal shape (and homogeneous size) and the organization in superstructures from ultrathin films to hierarchical nanostructures. Finally, the theoretical modeling of TiO2 nanoparticles is discussed and highlighted. The range of topics addressed in this book will stimulate the reader’s interest as well as provide a valuable source of information for researchers in academia and industry.

UV-visible --- n/a --- oxidative reaction systems --- photodegradation --- nanospheres --- heterojunction --- Ag/AgCl@TiO2 fibers --- polymorphism --- XRD --- copper-modified titania --- ultrasonic vibration --- brookite --- TiO2 modification --- simulated Extended X-ray Adsorption Fine-Structure (EXAFS) --- nanorod spheres --- trapped electrons --- flame-spray pyrolysis --- titania/water interface --- microwave irradiation --- plasmonic photocatalyst --- graphene-TiO2 --- photocatalytic hydrogen production --- microstreaming --- B3LYP --- HRTEM --- hardness --- printing and dyeing wastewater --- SCC-DFTB --- TiO2 --- photoelectrochemistry --- titanium --- bulk defects --- methanol photo-steam reforming --- spray coating --- sol-gel --- FTIR --- S-doping --- photocatalysis --- sulfidation --- lattice defects --- polymorph --- anodization --- pine-cone TiO2 nanoclusters --- nanorod arrays --- formation mechanism --- Cu and Pt nanoparticles --- excitons --- TiO2 nanotubes --- adhesion --- trapping --- flexible substrates --- optical absorption --- large-sized films --- surface defects --- titanium dioxide --- accumulated electrons