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This volume presents recent research achievements concerning the molecular genetic basis of agronomic traits in rice. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the most important food crop in the world, being a staple food for more than half of the world’s population. Recent improvements in living standards have increased the worldwide demand for high-yielding and high-quality rice cultivars. To develop novel cultivars with superior agronomic performance, we need to understand the molecular basis of agronomically important traits related to grain yield, grain quality, disease resistance, and abiotic stress tolerance. Decoding the whole rice genome sequence revealed that ,while there are more than 37,000 genes in the ~400 Mbp rice genome, there are only about 3000 genes whose molecular functions are characterized in detail. We collected in this volume the continued research efforts of scholars that elucidate genetic networks and the molecular mechanisms controlling agronomically important traits in rice.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Technology, engineering, agriculture --- grain number per panicle --- grain yield --- phase transition --- rachis branch --- rice panicle --- spikelet specialisation --- rice --- flowering time --- ambient temperature fluctuation --- chromosome segment substitution line (CSSL) --- quantitative trait locus (QTL) --- drought tolerance --- cold tolerance --- Oryza sativa --- OsCRP1 --- chloroplast ribonucleoproteins --- NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (NDH) complex --- nitrogen use efficiency --- transcriptional regulation --- nitrate reductase --- nitrate transporter --- glutamate synthase --- potassium chlorate --- QTL --- food shortage --- yield --- grain size --- OsBRKq1 --- genome editing --- homozygous --- proteomics --- C4 rice --- proto-Kranz --- photosynthetic efficiency --- crop improvement --- spike-stalk injection --- transcription factor --- OsWRKY55 --- drought response --- plant growth --- OsAP2-39 --- inflorescence architecture --- BLH homedomain protein --- branching pattern --- verticillate primary branch --- transcriptome analysis --- hormone pathways --- japonica DT3 --- submergence tolerance --- marker-assisted backcross --- foreground selection --- background selection --- three-dimensional imaging --- shoot apical meristem --- root tip --- n/a

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This volume presents recent research achievements concerning the molecular genetic basis of agronomic traits in rice. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the most important food crop in the world, being a staple food for more than half of the world’s population. Recent improvements in living standards have increased the worldwide demand for high-yielding and high-quality rice cultivars. To achieve improved agricultural performance in rice, while overcoming the challenges presented by climate change, it is essential to understand the molecular basis of agronomically important traits. Recently developed techniques in molecular biology, especially in genomics and other related omics fields, can reveal the complex molecular mechanisms involved in the control of agronomic traits. As rice was the first crop genome to be sequenced, in 2004, molecular research tools for rice are well-established, and further molecular studies will enable the development of novel rice cultivars with superior agronomic performance.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Technology, engineering, agriculture --- chloroplast RNA splicing and ribosome maturation (CRM) domain --- intron splicing --- chloroplast development --- rice --- rice (Oryza sativa L.), grain size and weight --- Insertion/Deletion (InDel) markers --- multi-gene allele contributions --- genetic variation --- rice germplasm --- disease resistance --- microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMP) --- Pyricularia oryzae (formerly Magnaporthe oryzae) --- Oryza sativa (rice) --- receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase (RLCK) --- reactive oxygen species (ROS) --- salinity --- osmotic stress --- combined stress --- GABA --- phenolic metabolism --- CIPKs genes --- shoot apical meristem --- transcriptomic analysis --- co-expression network --- tiller --- nitrogen rate --- rice (Oryza sativa L.) --- quantitative trait locus --- grain protein content --- single nucleotide polymorphism --- residual heterozygote --- rice (Oryza sativa) --- specific length amplified fragment sequencing --- Kjeldahl nitrogen determination --- near infrared reflectance spectroscopy --- heterosis --- yield components --- high-throughput sequence --- FW2.2-like gene --- tiller number --- grain yield --- CRISPR/Cas9 --- genome editing --- off-target effect --- heat stress --- transcriptome --- anther --- anthesis --- pyramiding --- bacterial blight --- marker-assisted selection --- foreground selection --- background selection --- japonica rice --- cold stress --- germinability --- high-density linkage map --- QTLs --- seed dormancy --- ABA --- seed germination --- chromosome segment substitution lines --- linkage mapping --- Oryza sativa L. --- chilling stress --- chlorophyll biosynthesis --- chloroplast biogenesis --- epidermal characteristics --- AAA-ATPase --- salicylic acid --- fatty acid --- Magnaporthe oryzae --- leaf senescence --- quantitative trait loci --- transcriptome analysis --- genetic --- epigenetic --- global methylation --- transgenic --- phenotype --- OsNAR2.1 --- dwarfism --- OsCYP96B4 --- metabolomics --- NMR --- qRT-PCR --- bHLH transcription factor --- lamina joint --- leaf angle --- long grain --- brassinosteroid signaling --- blast disease --- partial resistance --- pi21 --- haplotype --- high night temperature --- wet season --- dry season --- n/a

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John Tyler Bonner makes a new attack on an old problem: the question of how progressive increase in the size and complexity of animals and plants has occurred. "How is it," he inquires, "that an egg turns into an elaborate adult? How is it that a bacterium, given many millions of years, could have evolved into an elephant?" The author argues that we can understand this progression in terms of natural selection, but that in order to do so we must consider the role of development--or more precisely the role of life cycles--in evolutionary change. In a lively writing style that will be familiar to readers of his work The Evolution of Culture in Animals (Princeton, 1980), Bonner addresses a general audience interested in biology, as well as specialists in all areas of evolutionary biology. What is novel in the approach used here is the comparison of complexity inside the organism (especially cell differentiation) with the complexity outside (that is, within an ecological community). Matters of size at both these levels are closely related to complexity. The book shows how an understanding of the grand course of evolution can come from combining our knowledge of genetics, development, ecology, and even behavior.

Biological Evolution. --- Models, Genetic. --- Population Dynamics. --- 575.8 --- Demographic Aging --- Demographic Transition --- Optimum Population --- Population Decrease --- Population Pressure --- Population Replacement --- Population Theory --- Residential Mobility --- Rural-Urban Migration --- Stable Population --- Stationary Population --- Malthusianism --- Neomalthusianism --- Aging, Demographic --- Decrease, Population --- Decreases, Population --- Demographic Transitions --- Dynamics, Population --- Migration, Rural-Urban --- Migrations, Rural-Urban --- Mobilities, Residential --- Mobility, Residential --- Optimum Populations --- Population Decreases --- Population Pressures --- Population Replacements --- Population Theories --- Population, Optimum --- Population, Stable --- Population, Stationary --- Populations, Optimum --- Populations, Stable --- Populations, Stationary --- Pressure, Population --- Pressures, Population --- Replacement, Population --- Replacements, Population --- Residential Mobilities --- Rural Urban Migration --- Rural-Urban Migrations --- Stable Populations --- Stationary Populations --- Theories, Population --- Theory, Population --- Transition, Demographic --- Transitions, Demographic --- Genetics, Population --- Genetic Models --- Genetic Model --- Model, Genetic --- Evolution, Biological --- Sociobiology --- Evolution. Origin of species. Phylogeny --- Evolution (Biology) --- Natural selection. --- Evolution --- Models --- Population dynamics --- genetic --- Life History Traits --- Evolution (Biology). --- Evolution. --- Population dynamics. --- genetic. --- 575.8 Evolution. Origin of species. Phylogeny --- Natural selection --- Biological Evolution --- Models, Genetic --- Population Dynamics --- Darwinism --- Selection, Natural --- Genetics --- Variation (Biology) --- Biological invasions --- Heredity --- Animal evolution --- Animals --- Biological evolution --- Evolutionary biology --- Evolutionary science --- Origin of species --- Biology --- Biological fitness --- Homoplasy --- Phylogeny --- Genetic. --- razvojna biologija --- evolucija --- anatomija --- gostota naseljenosti --- razporeditev naseljenosti --- etologija. --- darwinizem --- fosili --- kompleksnost --- velikost telesa --- združbe --- populacije. --- Darwinian evolution. --- Dictyostelium. --- Hutchinson ratio. --- Kirschner, M. --- Lamarckism. --- aclonal organisms. --- acrasids. --- allostery. --- apical meristem. --- behavior. --- cambium. --- cell competition. --- conquest of land. --- convergent evolution. --- developmental constraints. --- dictyostelids. --- dominance hierarchy. --- earthworms. --- ecology. --- elastic similarity. --- endoskeleton. --- energid. --- food chains. --- gene net. --- genetic drift. --- habituation, in Stentor. --- heterochrony. --- heterocysts. --- inductors, in development. --- integrating mechanisms. --- isolating mechanisms. --- jellyfish. --- kelp. --- lichens. --- liverworts. --- macronucleus. --- mammals. --- metamorphosis. --- mosaic development. --- natural selection. --- nematocytes. --- neurotransmitter. --- notochord. --- pattern formation. --- pioneering. --- population biology. --- punctuated equilibria. --- regulative development. --- scavengers. --- siphonophores. --- species formation.