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"In this book, Mireya Loza sheds new light on the history of the Bracero Program (1942-1964), the binational agreement between the United States and Mexico that allowed hundreds of thousands of male Mexican workers to enter this country on temporary work permits. While this program and the issue of temporary workers has long been politicized on both sides of the border, Loza argues that the prevailing romanticized image of braceros as a family-oriented, productive, legal workforce has obscured the real, diverse experiences of the workers themselves. Focusing on underexplored aspects of workers' lives such as their transnational union organizing efforts, the sexual economies of both gay and straight workers, and the ethno-racial boundaries among Mexican indigenous braceros, Loza reveals how these men defied perceived political, sexual, and racial norms. Basing her work on an archive of more than 800 oral histories from the United States and Mexico, Loza is the first scholar to carefully differentiate between the experiences of Spanish-speaking guest workers and the many Mixtec, Zapotec, Purhepecha, and Mayan laborers. In doing so, she demonstrates how these transnational workers were able to forge new identities in the face of intense discrimination and exploitation"--

Foreign workers, Mexican --- Mexicans --- Alien labor, Mexican --- Mexican foreign workers --- Ethnology --- History --- Race identity --- Political activity&delete& --- Social conditions&delete& --- Economic conditions&delete& --- Seasonal Farm Laborers Program. --- Bracero Program --- Programa Bracero --- E-books --- Economic conditions --- History. --- Social conditions --- Political activity

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Structured to meet employers' needs for low-wage farm workers, the well-known Bracero Program recruited thousands of Mexicans to perform physical labor in the United States between 1942 and 1964 in exchange for remittances sent back to Mexico. As partners and family members were dispersed across national borders, interpersonal relationships were transformed. The prolonged absences of Mexican workers, mostly men, forced women and children at home to inhabit new roles, create new identities, and cope with long-distance communication from fathers, brothers, and sons. Drawing on an extraordinary range of sources, Ana Elizabeth Rosas uncovers a previously hidden history of transnational family life. Intimate and personal experiences are revealed to show how Mexican immigrants and their families were not passive victims but instead found ways to embrace the spirit (abrazando el espíritu) of making and implementing difficult decisions concerning their family situations-creating new forms of affection, gender roles, and economic survival strategies with long-term consequences.

Foreign workers, Mexican --- Migrant agricultural laborers --- Mexicans --- Families --- Immigrant families --- Families of emigrants --- Agricultural migrants --- Migrant agricultural workers --- Migrant farm workers --- Migrants --- Alien labor, Mexican --- Mexican foreign workers --- Family --- Family life --- Family relationships --- Family structure --- Relationships, Family --- Structure, Family --- History --- Social conditions --- Social aspects --- Mexico --- United States --- Meksiko --- Stany Zjednoczone Meksyku --- Meksyk --- Estados Unidos Mexicanos --- Meḳsiḳe --- Mexique (Country) --- Messico --- Méjico --- República Mexicana --- United States of Mexico --- United Mexican States --- Anáhuac --- Emigration and immigration --- Social aspects. --- メキシコ --- Mekishiko --- מקסיקו --- Agricultural laborers --- Migrant labor --- Social institutions --- Birth order --- Domestic relations --- Home --- Households --- Kinship --- Marriage --- Matriarchy --- Parenthood --- Patriarchy --- Ethnology --- Maxico --- 20th century american history. --- affection. --- american crossroads series. --- american immigration. --- bracero program. --- economic struggles. --- family situations. --- family. --- farm workers. --- farming. --- gender roles. --- history. --- immigration. --- interpersonal relationships. --- labor history. --- labor. --- long distance communication. --- low wage farmers. --- mexican field workers. --- mexican immigrants. --- mexican workers. --- mexico. --- national borders. --- personal experiences. --- physical workers. --- political. --- remittances. --- survival. --- transnational family life. --- united states of america.