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The papers included in this Special Issue address a variety of important aspects of Genetics, Genomics and Biotechnology of Plant Cytoplasmic Organelles, including new advances in the sequencing of both mitochondria and chloroplasts’ genomes using Next-Generation Sequencing technology in plant species and algae including important crop and tree species, in vitro culture protocol, and identification of a core module of genes involved in plastid development. In particular, the published studies focus on the description of adaptive evolution, elucidate mitochondrial mRNA processing, highlight the effect of domestication process on plastome variability and report the development of molecular markers. A meta-analysis of recently published genome-wide expression studies allowed the identification of novel nuclear genes, involved in the complex and still unrevealed mechanisms at the basis of communication between chloroplast and nucleus (retrograde signalling) during plastid development (biogenic control). Finally, an optimized regeneration protocol useful in plastid transformation of recalcitrant species, such as sugarcane, has been reported.

Research & information: general --- mitochondrial genome --- buckwheat --- plastid genome --- genetic diversity --- long reads --- targeted assembly --- genome assembly --- Fagus --- Fagaceae --- Fagales --- molecular marker --- mitochondrial marker --- taxon assignment --- CAPS marker --- SNP --- next-generation sequencing --- Solanum --- Italian landraces --- plastome --- molecular markers --- phylogenetic analysis --- plastid transformation --- sugarcane --- unfurled leaves --- streptomycin --- heteroplasmy --- mesophyll and bundle sheath cells --- plastids --- photomorphogenesis --- retrograde control --- biogenic signals --- lincomycin --- norflurazon --- pap7-1 mutant --- mitochondria --- RNA processing --- algal evolution --- circular RNA --- polycytidylation --- PacBio Iso-Seq --- Capparaceae --- chloroplast genome --- Cadaba --- Maerua --- phylogenetic relationships

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Cytology --- Biophysics --- Biochemistry --- Cell Biology. --- Biochemistry. --- Biophysics. --- Cytology. --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Biological physics --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Composition --- Cells --- Cell --- Cell Biology --- Biology --- Cytologists --- Medical sciences --- Physics --- Chemistry --- Citología --- Biofísica --- Cells. --- Biology - General --- cells. --- cell biology --- acinar cells --- adipocytes --- aleurone cells --- antigen-presenting cells --- bacteriocytes --- blood cells --- bone marrow cells --- bundle sheath cells --- chondrocytes --- chromaffin cells --- chromatophores --- coelomocytes --- cultured cells --- endothelial cells --- epithelial cells --- eukaryotic cells --- fibroblasts --- germ cells --- giant cells --- gonadotropic cells --- granulosa cells --- guard cells --- hemocytes --- hepatocytes --- islets of Langerhans --- keratinocytes --- kidney cells --- Leydig cells --- luteal cells --- mast cells --- myocytes --- neoplasm cells --- neurosecretory cells --- nurse cells --- osteoblasts --- osteoclasts --- phagocytes --- plant root cells --- prokaryotic cells --- Schwann cells --- Sertoli cells --- somatic cells --- splenocytes --- spores --- stem cells --- stromal cells --- tenocytes --- teratocytes --- thecal cells --- vegetative cells --- artificial cells --- cell transplantation --- cell viability --- cellular microenvironment

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Vision --- Eye --- Oeil --- Genetic aspects --- Periodicals --- Cytology --- Molecular aspects --- Aspect génétique --- Périodiques --- Cytologie --- Aspect moléculaire --- Cells. --- Molecular Biology. --- Vision. --- Œil --- genetics. --- Eyesight --- Seeing --- Sight --- Light Signal Transduction, Visual --- Ocular Vision --- Visual Light Signal Transduction --- Visual Phototransduction --- Visual Transduction --- Phototransduction, Visual --- Transduction, Visual --- Biochemical Genetics --- Biology, Molecular --- Genetics, Biochemical --- Genetics, Molecular --- Molecular Genetics --- Biochemical Genetic --- Genetic, Biochemical --- Genetic, Molecular --- Molecular Genetic --- Cell --- Eyeball --- Eyes --- Visual system --- Senses and sensation --- Blindfolds --- Physiological optics --- Ophthalmology --- Visual Perception --- Genetic Phenomena --- Cell Biology --- Face --- Photoreceptors --- Vision, Ocular. --- Vision, Ocular --- Aspect moléculaire --- Aspect génétique --- Cytology. --- molecular biology --- ophthalmology --- genetics --- biochemistry --- cell biology --- Cells --- Molecular Biology --- cells. --- molecular biology. --- vision. --- genetics --- Biological Sciences --- animal genetics --- cytogenetics --- gender --- genetic equilibrium --- genetic factors --- genetic relationships --- genetic selection --- genetic stability --- genetic structure --- genetic traits --- genetic vectors --- genomics --- human genetics --- immunogenetics --- inheritance (genetics) --- landscape genetics --- maternal effect --- metabolomics --- microbial genetics --- molecular genetics --- nutrigenomics --- paternal effect --- phenomics --- phenotype --- plant genetics --- population genetics --- proteomics --- quantitative genetics --- reproductive fitness --- sex determination --- transcriptomics --- biotechnology --- breeding --- genetic models --- genetic resources --- geneticists --- eyesight --- visual phototransduction --- visual transduction --- ocular physiology --- sensation --- color vision --- night vision --- eye diseases --- ophthalmology --- photoreceptors --- sensory properties --- vision disorders --- visual cortex --- visual perception --- bioinformatics --- molecular dynamics --- molecular epidemiology --- molecular models --- molecular systematics --- cell biology --- acinar cells --- adipocytes --- aleurone cells --- antigen-presenting cells --- bacteriocytes --- blood cells --- bone marrow cells --- bundle sheath cells --- chondrocytes --- chromaffin cells --- chromatophores --- coelomocytes --- cultured cells --- endothelial cells --- epithelial cells --- eukaryotic cells --- fibroblasts --- germ cells --- giant cells --- gonadotropic cells --- granulosa cells --- guard cells --- hemocytes --- hepatocytes --- islets of Langerhans --- keratinocytes --- kidney cells --- Leydig cells --- luteal cells --- mast cells --- myocytes --- neoplasm cells --- neurosecretory cells --- nurse cells --- osteoblasts --- osteoclasts --- phagocytes --- plant root cells --- prokaryotic cells --- Schwann cells --- Sertoli cells --- somatic cells --- splenocytes --- spores --- stem cells --- stromal cells --- tenocytes --- teratocytes --- thecal cells --- vegetative cells --- artificial cells --- cell transplantation --- cell viability --- cellular microenvironment --- Cellules. --- sight (sense) --- Organisms