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Behaviour. --- Calving. --- Gestation. --- Reindeer. --- Sound.

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Habitat loss and fragmentation are significant issues in Lapland, considering the rise of the need for renewable energy and the richness of the area for forestry and extraction. The reindeer husbandry is affected by such habitat loss, threatening the Sami people's cultural activity. Since reindeer is a keystone species, this is the entire biodiversity of the arctic land that is endangered. 
The main objective of this work was to quantify the influence of the establishment of anthropic infrastructure like wind farms and mines on reindeer calving sites in the Malå reindeer herding community in Sweden. First was determined the location of the calving sites before (years 2008, 2009), during (years 2010,2011) and after the construction (years 2015,2016) of four wind farms, Storliden, Jokkmokksliden, Ytterberg and Åmliden. Second, the different parameters influencing the choice of the calving sites were defined using the resource selection function among some natural variables, roads, power lines, the wind farms, and a mine. The zone of influence of the wind farms' density and their presence and the ZOI of the mine were included in the analysis. Finally, the link between calving dates and the maximum instantaneous rate of green-up (IRG) before, during and after construction was studied. 

The mine had a decisive influence with a zone of influence of at least 7.5km independently of the phase. No influence of the turbines on calving sites were defined with statistics. However, observations of the distance from calving sites to infrastructures showed an avoidance of the wind farms mostly during operation. Moreover, the analysis of the IRG demonstrated a preference for sites where the quality of pasture was at the highest before construction and just after the green-up during the construction while no preference was observed during operation. Such results suggest the avoidance of the infrastructure during operation to the extent of the pasture quality. No influence of the power lines was observed, but public and private roads' influences were significant. Females preferred calving at low elevations, and the Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) did not influence the calving site's locations. 
Those results are helpful for conservation biology and wildlife management because it allows finding solutions to face the expansion of arctic land use. The possible solutions were discussed in this work.

reindeer --- calving sites --- wind farm --- mine --- reindeer husbandry --- conservation --- Sciences du vivant > Sciences de l'environnement & écologie

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Nowadays, assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) have a pivotal role not only in achieving fertilization in subfertile animals, but they are also involved in the management of the herd, decreasing disease spread and even allowing offspring sex selection. Nonetheless, there are differences between species or even within species that have led researchers worldwide to focus on those differences in order to bypass these specific difficulties. This Special Issue, titled “The Era of Assisted Reproductive Technologies Tailored to the Specific Necessities of Species, Industry and Case Reports” and published in Animals, is composed of 12 original manuscripts and three reviews that offer an overview of current and future ARTs used to improve reproductive outcomes, mainly focused on farm animals, such as horse, pig, bovine, rabbit and ovine species. Thus, the Special Issue covers information from the classical point of view, including comparative studies of different semen extenders, to the most advanced technologies of sperm selection by thermotaxis or chemoattractants, as well as the improvement of sperm features by red light irradiation. The female and embryo contributions to ART outcomes are also covered, for instance, with a study that improves our knowledge by the metabolomic description of follicular fluid composition or the description of better culture conditions of oocytes. In brief, this Special Issue provides a balanced overview of emerging techniques and technologies used to preserve, improve, rescue or even create fertility for domestic farm animals with high economic impact.

Medicine --- IVM --- oocytes --- equine --- metabolomic --- embryo transfer --- reproductive fluids --- pregnancy --- vitrification --- calving --- selection programme --- embryo vitrification --- Gompertz growth curve --- biobanking --- reproductive performance --- stallion sperm --- capacitation --- penicillamine --- thermotaxis --- selection --- BMP15 --- ram --- semen --- semen freezing --- semen extender --- stallions --- semen quality --- fertilizing ability --- Tris --- boar spermatozoa --- perfluorinated compounds --- PFHxS --- PFOS --- spermatozoa toxicology --- glucocorticoid receptor --- gene expression --- RT-qPCR --- seminal plasma --- female genital tract --- rabbit --- spermatozoa --- oocyte --- in vitro fertilization --- extracellular vesicles --- assisted reproductive technologies --- embryo --- oocyte competence --- livestock production --- assisted reproductive technology --- embryo development --- micromanipulation --- in vitro production --- nanoparticles --- liposomes --- exosomes --- cryopreservation --- sheep --- ovary storage --- transport --- in vitro embryo production --- sperm selection --- chemotaxis --- IVF --- IVC --- porcine --- cryopreserved sperm --- sperm–oviduct interaction --- ARTs --- equines --- horse --- sperm --- red light irradiation --- extender --- straw

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Animal production (e.g., milk, meat, and eggs) provides valuable protein production for human beings and animals. However, animal production is facing several challenges worldwide such as environmental impacts and animal welfare/health concerns. In animal farming operations, accurate and efficient monitoring of animal information and behavior can help analyze the health and welfare status of animals and identify sick or abnormal individuals at an early stage to reduce economic losses and protect animal welfare. In recent years, there has been growing interest in animal welfare. At present, sensors, big data, machine learning, and artificial intelligence are used to improve management efficiency, reduce production costs, and enhance animal welfare. Although these technologies still have challenges and limitations, the application and exploration of these technologies in animal farms will greatly promote the intelligent management of farms. Therefore, this Special Issue will collect original papers with novel contributions based on technologies such as sensors, big data, machine learning, and artificial intelligence to study animal behavior monitoring and recognition, environmental monitoring, health evaluation, etc., to promote intelligent and accurate animal farm management.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- pig weight --- body size --- estimation --- deep learning --- convolutional neural network --- pig identification --- mask scoring R-CNN --- soft-NMS --- group-housed pigs --- audio --- dairy cow --- mastication --- jaw movement --- forage management --- precision livestock management --- equine behavior --- wearable sensor --- intermodality interaction --- class-balanced focal loss --- absorbing Markov chain --- cow behavior analysis --- prediction of calving time --- cow identification --- EfficientDet --- YOLACT++ --- cascaded model --- instance segmentation --- generative adversarial network --- machine learning --- automated medical image processing --- deep neural network --- animal science --- CT scans --- computer vision --- cow --- extensive livestock --- sensorized wearable device --- monitoring --- parturition prediction --- radar sensors --- radar signal processing --- animal farming --- computational ethology --- signal classification --- wavelet analysis --- dairy welfare --- hierarchical clustering --- mutual information --- precision livestock farming --- time budgets --- unsupervised machine learning --- wearables design --- animal-centered design --- animal telemetry --- modularity --- smart collar --- design contributions --- additive manufacturing --- low-frequency tracking --- commercial aviary --- laying hens --- false registrations --- tree-based classifier --- animal behaviour

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Nowadays, assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) have a pivotal role not only in achieving fertilization in subfertile animals, but they are also involved in the management of the herd, decreasing disease spread and even allowing offspring sex selection. Nonetheless, there are differences between species or even within species that have led researchers worldwide to focus on those differences in order to bypass these specific difficulties. This Special Issue, titled “The Era of Assisted Reproductive Technologies Tailored to the Specific Necessities of Species, Industry and Case Reports” and published in Animals, is composed of 12 original manuscripts and three reviews that offer an overview of current and future ARTs used to improve reproductive outcomes, mainly focused on farm animals, such as horse, pig, bovine, rabbit and ovine species. Thus, the Special Issue covers information from the classical point of view, including comparative studies of different semen extenders, to the most advanced technologies of sperm selection by thermotaxis or chemoattractants, as well as the improvement of sperm features by red light irradiation. The female and embryo contributions to ART outcomes are also covered, for instance, with a study that improves our knowledge by the metabolomic description of follicular fluid composition or the description of better culture conditions of oocytes. In brief, this Special Issue provides a balanced overview of emerging techniques and technologies used to preserve, improve, rescue or even create fertility for domestic farm animals with high economic impact.

IVM --- oocytes --- equine --- metabolomic --- embryo transfer --- reproductive fluids --- pregnancy --- vitrification --- calving --- selection programme --- embryo vitrification --- Gompertz growth curve --- biobanking --- reproductive performance --- stallion sperm --- capacitation --- penicillamine --- thermotaxis --- selection --- BMP15 --- ram --- semen --- semen freezing --- semen extender --- stallions --- semen quality --- fertilizing ability --- Tris --- boar spermatozoa --- perfluorinated compounds --- PFHxS --- PFOS --- spermatozoa toxicology --- glucocorticoid receptor --- gene expression --- RT-qPCR --- seminal plasma --- female genital tract --- rabbit --- spermatozoa --- oocyte --- in vitro fertilization --- extracellular vesicles --- assisted reproductive technologies --- embryo --- oocyte competence --- livestock production --- assisted reproductive technology --- embryo development --- micromanipulation --- in vitro production --- nanoparticles --- liposomes --- exosomes --- cryopreservation --- sheep --- ovary storage --- transport --- in vitro embryo production --- sperm selection --- chemotaxis --- IVF --- IVC --- porcine --- cryopreserved sperm --- sperm–oviduct interaction --- ARTs --- equines --- horse --- sperm --- red light irradiation --- extender --- straw