Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Basic Sciences. Biology --- Centromere --- Centromere --- Centromere. --- Cellular Biology. --- physiology. --- physiology.

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The centromere is a chromosomal locus that regulates the proper pairing and segregation of the chromosomes during cell division. Despite their conserved, essential function, centromeres are characterized by the rapid evolution of both centromeric DNA and proteins. This book presents current views on centromere structure and identity. It deals with the epigenetic concept of centromere establishment and maintenance as well as with the role of DNA and centromeric transcripts in centromere formation and function. Special emphasis is placed on centromere evolution: different evolutionary models are discussed in detail and the latest research on the evolution of new centromeres and neocentromeres is presented.

Biology. --- Centromere -- Physiology. --- Centromere. --- Centromere --- Chromosome Structures --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Genetic Structures --- Chromosomes --- Intranuclear Space --- Genetic Phenomena --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Cell Nucleus Structures --- Phenomena and Processes --- Cell Nucleus --- Intracellular Space --- Cellular Structures --- Cells --- Anatomy --- Physiology --- Biology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Biophysics --- Cytology --- Chromosomes. --- Chromosome theory --- Life sciences. --- Biochemistry. --- Cell biology. --- Microbial genetics. --- Microbial genomics. --- Plant genetics. --- Animal genetics. --- Life Sciences. --- Cell Biology. --- Biochemistry, general. --- Microbial Genetics and Genomics. --- Plant Genetics & Genomics. --- Animal Genetics and Genomics. --- Cell nuclei --- Crossing over (Genetics) --- Cytotaxonomy --- Genetics --- Karyokinesis --- Linkage (Genetics) --- Cytology. --- Plant Genetics and Genomics. --- Plants --- Genomics --- Microbial genetics --- Microorganisms --- Microbiology --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Cytologists --- Composition

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Supernumerary B chromosomes (Bs) are dispensable genetic elements found in thousands of species of plants and animals, and some fungi. Since their discovery more than a century ago, they have been a source of puzzlement, as they only occur in some members of a population and are absent from others. When they do occur, they are often harmful, and in the absence of “selfishness”, based on mechanisms of mitotic and meiotic drive, there appears to be no obvious reason for their existence. Cytogeneticists have long wrestled with questions about the biological existence of these enigmatic elements, including their lack of any adaptive properties, apparent absence of functional genes, their origin, sequence organization, and co-evolution as nuclear parasites. Emerging new technologies are now enabling researchers to step up a gear, to look enthusiastically beyond the previous limits of the horizon, and to uncover the secrets of these “silent” chromosomes. This book provides a comprehensive guide to theoretical advancements in the field of B chromosome research in both animal and plant systems.

parent-of-origin effects --- fluorescent in situ hybridization --- coverage ratio analysis --- n/a --- ribosomal DNA --- reactivation --- cytogenetics --- epigenetics --- heterochromatin --- interphase nucleus --- whole genome resequencing --- transmission --- grasshoppers --- genome instability --- dot-like (micro) Bs --- ?s --- B chromosome --- supernumerary elements --- transcription of heterochromatin --- maternal X chromosome --- supernumerary chromosome --- population analysis --- supernumerary --- repeat clusters --- extra chromosomes --- genes --- tandem repeats --- B morphotypes --- repetitive DNA --- repetitive elements --- DNA copy number variation --- chromosome polymorphism --- satellite DNA --- mammals --- maize B chromosome --- additional chromosomes --- inactivation --- drive --- B chromosomes --- FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridisation) --- organelle DNA --- Orthoptera --- origin --- supernumerary chromosomes --- karyotype evolution --- GISH (genomic in situ hybridisation) --- DNA composition --- de novo centromere formation --- genomics --- paternal X chromosome --- euchromatin degradation --- supernumerary chromosomal segments (SCS) evolution --- centromere --- sSMC --- Prospero autumnale complex --- next-generation sequencing --- Drosophila --- host/parasite interaction --- Apodemus peninsulae --- genome evolution --- evolution --- teleost --- chromosome evolution --- microdissected DNA probes --- controlling element --- mobile element --- RNA-Seq --- karyotypes --- karyotypic characteristics --- RepeatExplorer

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This eBook focuses on current progress in understanding the role of chromatin structure, its modifications and remodeling in developmental and physiological processes. Eukaryotic genomes are packed into the supramolecular nucleoprotein structure of chromatin. Therefore, our understanding of processes such as DNA replication and repair, transcription, and cell differentiation requires an understanding of the structure and function of chromatin. While the nucleotide sequence of the DNA component of chromatin constitutes the genetic material of the cell, the other chromatin components (and also modifications of bases in the DNA itself) participate in so-called epigenetic processes. These processes are essential, e.g., in ontogenesis or adaptation to environmental changes. Therefore, epigenetics is particularly important (and elaborated) in plants that show a high developmental plasticity and, as sessile organisms, display an enormous capacity to cope with environmental stress. In these processes, epigenetic mechanisms show a crosstalk with plant signaling pathways mediated by phytohormones and redox components. You are welcome to read examples of current research and review articles in this hot research topic.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- auxin --- chromatin remodeling factor --- cuticular wax --- drought tolerance --- epigenetic regulation --- leaf width --- histone modification --- narrow leaf --- OsCHR4 --- rice --- 3D-FISH --- barley --- chromatin --- hybrid --- introgression --- nucleus --- rye --- wheat --- chromatin remodeling --- INO80/SWR1 complexes --- NuA4 complex --- histone variant H2A.Z --- gene regulation --- plant development --- Arabidopsis thaliana --- epigenetics --- histone --- mass spectrometry --- post-translational modifications --- sodium butyrate --- trichostatin A --- Swi3-like proteins --- gene expression --- protein interaction --- leaf development --- tomato --- Arabidopsis --- KNL2 --- kinetochores --- RNA-seq --- centromere --- SWI3C --- SWI/SNF --- cold response --- ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling --- transcriptional control of gene expression --- circRNAs --- jasmonic acid --- GO enrichment --- miRNA decoys --- epigenetic modifications --- DNA methylation --- redox regulation --- reactive oxygen species --- nitric oxide --- antioxidants --- circular chromosome conformation capture --- genome architecture --- T-DNA --- transgenic --- chromosomal rearrangements --- synthetic biology --- n/a

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Kinetochores orchestrate the faithful transmission of chromosomes from one generation to the next. Kinetochores were first depicted over 100 years ago, but kinetochore research has progressed by leaps and bounds since the first description of their constituent DNA and proteins in the 1980s. "The Kinetochore: from Molecular Discoveries to Cancer Therapy" edited by Peter De Wulf and William C. Earnshaw presents a thorough up-to-date analysis of kinetochore and centromere composition, formation, regulation, and activity, both in mitosis and meiosis, in humans and "model" eukaryotic species, and at natural and mutant neocentromeres. Recently initiated translational research on kinetochores is also discussed as kinetochores are being mined as a very rich target for the next generations of anti-cancer drugs.

Cancer -- Therapy. --- Cell organelles. --- Chromosomes. --- Chromosomes --- Cell organelles --- Genetic Processes --- Cell Proliferation --- Cell Cycle --- Centromere --- Therapeutic Uses --- Diseases --- Cell Physiological Processes --- Pharmacologic Actions --- Genetic Phenomena --- Cell Growth Processes --- Chromosome Structures --- Growth --- Cell Physiological Phenomena --- Genetic Structures --- Phenomena and Processes --- Chemical Actions and Uses --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Growth and Development --- Intranuclear Space --- Cell Nucleus Structures --- Physiological Processes --- Cell Nucleus --- Physiological Phenomena --- Intracellular Space --- Cellular Structures --- Cells --- Anatomy --- Cell Division --- Antineoplastic Agents --- Neoplasms --- Kinetochores --- Biology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Cytology --- Chromosome theory --- Organelles, Cell --- Medicine. --- Cancer research. --- Human genetics. --- Medical microbiology. --- Molecular biology. --- Virology. --- Cell biology. --- Biomedicine. --- Cancer Research. --- Cell Biology. --- Medical Microbiology. --- Molecular Medicine. --- Human Genetics. --- Cell nuclei --- Crossing over (Genetics) --- Cytotaxonomy --- Genetics --- Karyokinesis --- Linkage (Genetics) --- Cytoplasm --- Oncology. --- Cytology. --- Microbiology. --- Medical virology. --- Medical microbiology --- Virology --- Virus diseases --- Heredity, Human --- Human biology --- Physical anthropology --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Life sciences --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Microbial biology --- Microorganisms --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Cytologists --- Tumors --- Health Workforce --- Molecular biochemistry --- Molecular biophysics --- Biochemistry --- Biophysics --- Biomolecules --- Systems biology --- Microbiology --- Cancer research