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Changes in lifestyle and demographics shifted preferences about the relationships between food and health, contributing to generate new needs in the food supply. Today, the role of food is not only intended as hunger satisfaction and nutrient supply, but also as an opportunity to prevent nutrition-related diseases and improve physical and mental well-being. There is a growing interest in the novel or less well known plant foods that offer an opportunity for health maintenance. This book shows that an interest in plant foods and underutilized fruits is continuously growing, and agrobiodiversity exploitation offers effective and extraordinary potentialities. Readers will discover that plant foods could become an important source of health-promoting compounds and functional food ingredients with beneficial properties. The description of the quality and physicochemical traits, the identification and quantification of the main biologically active compounds, and the evaluation of their biological activities are important to assess plant food efficacy as functional foods or a source of food supplement ingredients for the consumers.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Food & society --- yacon --- Smallanthus sonchifolius --- prebiotic --- fructooligosaccharides --- underutilized --- Terminalia ferdinandiana --- Kakadu plum --- nutrition --- fatty acids --- proximate --- minerals --- kernels --- Buchanania obovata --- green plum --- fruit --- polyphenols --- antioxidants --- Indigenous Australia --- Clitoria ternatea L. flower extract --- in vitro starch digestibility --- hydrolysis index --- predicted glycemic index --- natural antimicrobial --- antioxidant --- mechanism of action --- citral --- polygodial --- anethole --- natural plant foods --- healthy properties --- phytochemicals --- agrobiodiversity --- human nutrition --- analytical strategies --- bioactivity --- unconventional fruits --- in vitro test --- natural antioxidants --- yacon --- Smallanthus sonchifolius --- prebiotic --- fructooligosaccharides --- underutilized --- Terminalia ferdinandiana --- Kakadu plum --- nutrition --- fatty acids --- proximate --- minerals --- kernels --- Buchanania obovata --- green plum --- fruit --- polyphenols --- antioxidants --- Indigenous Australia --- Clitoria ternatea L. flower extract --- in vitro starch digestibility --- hydrolysis index --- predicted glycemic index --- natural antimicrobial --- antioxidant --- mechanism of action --- citral --- polygodial --- anethole --- natural plant foods --- healthy properties --- phytochemicals --- agrobiodiversity --- human nutrition --- analytical strategies --- bioactivity --- unconventional fruits --- in vitro test --- natural antioxidants

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Medicinal plants have been used for the maintenance of human health since ancient times, in the form of food, spices, and traditional medicines. Medicinal plant-based traditional medicines serve as the primary healthcare systems in various countries even in recent times. Alongside this, medicinal plants have also served as the one of the main sources for the discovery of new therapeutic agents. At present, various plant extracts and their isolated phytochemicals are screened and evaluated for their diverse pharmacological activities related to both communicable and non-communicable diseases. However, comparatively little focus is given to the detailed mechanism of action of these agents on the molecular level. Molecular mechanism-based studies are essential for the development of evidence-based traditional medicines as well as for the development of isolated natural products as the lead candidates for novel drug discovery. This main focus of this Special Issue “Plant-based Bioactive Natural Products: Insights into Molecular Mechanisms of Action” is to cover the recent advances in science related to the molecular mechanisms of action of natural products. A total of nine articles were published in this Special Issue, including two original research articles and two review articles. This Special Issue has provided some new experimental data on bioactive natural products and their detailed mechanisms of action for biological activities. Similarly, review articles have provided state-of-the-art information on the related topics. I would like to thank all the authors for submitting their manuscripts and the reviewers and editors for their contribution to this Special Issue. Furthermore, I am also grateful to the handling editors and staffs of Applied Sciences for their support during the preparation and finalization of this Special Issue.

Medicine --- foodborne diseases --- giardiasis --- herbal drugs --- ethnobotany --- toxoplasmosis --- srophularia buergeriana --- cognitive impairment --- amyloid beta --- tau phosphorylation --- oxidative stress --- anti-apoptotic --- Terminalia chebula fruit --- osteoarthritis --- AyuFlex® --- cartilage collapse --- MMPs --- inflammation response --- vascular inflammation --- liensinine --- VSMC --- macrophage --- proliferation --- migration --- Nigella sativa --- methicillin-resistant --- Staphylococcus aureus --- synergism --- beta-lactam --- antibiotics --- artichoke by-products --- phenolic compounds --- HPLC-ESI-TOF-MS --- PLE --- GRAS --- Scrophularia buergeriana --- anti-amnesic effect --- cholinergic neurotransmission --- anti-oxidant --- anti-inflammation --- Vepris macropylla --- essential oil --- citral --- antiproliferative activity --- fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy --- human breast cancer cell line --- Vaccinium species --- phytochemicals --- berry --- leaf --- anti-inflammatory pathways --- endothelial dysfunction --- natural products --- bioactive compounds --- medicinal plants --- bioactivity --- mechanism of action --- traditional medicines

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Medicinal plants have been used for the maintenance of human health since ancient times, in the form of food, spices, and traditional medicines. Medicinal plant-based traditional medicines serve as the primary healthcare systems in various countries even in recent times. Alongside this, medicinal plants have also served as the one of the main sources for the discovery of new therapeutic agents. At present, various plant extracts and their isolated phytochemicals are screened and evaluated for their diverse pharmacological activities related to both communicable and non-communicable diseases. However, comparatively little focus is given to the detailed mechanism of action of these agents on the molecular level. Molecular mechanism-based studies are essential for the development of evidence-based traditional medicines as well as for the development of isolated natural products as the lead candidates for novel drug discovery. This main focus of this Special Issue “Plant-based Bioactive Natural Products: Insights into Molecular Mechanisms of Action” is to cover the recent advances in science related to the molecular mechanisms of action of natural products. A total of nine articles were published in this Special Issue, including two original research articles and two review articles. This Special Issue has provided some new experimental data on bioactive natural products and their detailed mechanisms of action for biological activities. Similarly, review articles have provided state-of-the-art information on the related topics. I would like to thank all the authors for submitting their manuscripts and the reviewers and editors for their contribution to this Special Issue. Furthermore, I am also grateful to the handling editors and staffs of Applied Sciences for their support during the preparation and finalization of this Special Issue.

Medicine --- foodborne diseases --- giardiasis --- herbal drugs --- ethnobotany --- toxoplasmosis --- srophularia buergeriana --- cognitive impairment --- amyloid beta --- tau phosphorylation --- oxidative stress --- anti-apoptotic --- Terminalia chebula fruit --- osteoarthritis --- AyuFlex® --- cartilage collapse --- MMPs --- inflammation response --- vascular inflammation --- liensinine --- VSMC --- macrophage --- proliferation --- migration --- Nigella sativa --- methicillin-resistant --- Staphylococcus aureus --- synergism --- beta-lactam --- antibiotics --- artichoke by-products --- phenolic compounds --- HPLC-ESI-TOF-MS --- PLE --- GRAS --- Scrophularia buergeriana --- anti-amnesic effect --- cholinergic neurotransmission --- anti-oxidant --- anti-inflammation --- Vepris macropylla --- essential oil --- citral --- antiproliferative activity --- fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy --- human breast cancer cell line --- Vaccinium species --- phytochemicals --- berry --- leaf --- anti-inflammatory pathways --- endothelial dysfunction --- natural products --- bioactive compounds --- medicinal plants --- bioactivity --- mechanism of action --- traditional medicines --- foodborne diseases --- giardiasis --- herbal drugs --- ethnobotany --- toxoplasmosis --- srophularia buergeriana --- cognitive impairment --- amyloid beta --- tau phosphorylation --- oxidative stress --- anti-apoptotic --- Terminalia chebula fruit --- osteoarthritis --- AyuFlex® --- cartilage collapse --- MMPs --- inflammation response --- vascular inflammation --- liensinine --- VSMC --- macrophage --- proliferation --- migration --- Nigella sativa --- methicillin-resistant --- Staphylococcus aureus --- synergism --- beta-lactam --- antibiotics --- artichoke by-products --- phenolic compounds --- HPLC-ESI-TOF-MS --- PLE --- GRAS --- Scrophularia buergeriana --- anti-amnesic effect --- cholinergic neurotransmission --- anti-oxidant --- anti-inflammation --- Vepris macropylla --- essential oil --- citral --- antiproliferative activity --- fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy --- human breast cancer cell line --- Vaccinium species --- phytochemicals --- berry --- leaf --- anti-inflammatory pathways --- endothelial dysfunction --- natural products --- bioactive compounds --- medicinal plants --- bioactivity --- mechanism of action --- traditional medicines

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This book provides recent studies focused on chemical biology and biocatalysis applied to organic synthesis. The articles range from topics such as fungal metabolism and fungi-mediated biotransformations to the exploitation of specific enzymes in biocatalyzed reactions, also including works on the characterization of enzymes and the study of their catalytic activity. Overall, ten studies are presented that provide the reader with relevant, fresh insights on the use of enzymes and on the importance of biocatalysis.

Research & information: general --- 7-hydroxycoumarin --- 3-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-propionic acid --- 3-(2,3,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-propionic acid --- ipso-hydroxylase --- Pseudomonas mandelii --- sweet potato β-amylase (SPA) 2 --- methoxy polyethylene glycol maleimide (Mal-mPEG) 3 --- chemical modification 4 --- enzymatic characteristics --- (S)-N-Boc-3-hydroxypiperidine --- carbonyl reductase --- asymmetric reduction --- rational design --- Rhodococcus erythropolis --- biotransformation --- oxidation --- apocarotenoids --- flavours --- fungi --- ionone --- damascone --- theaspirane --- enzymatic activity assay --- adenylate kinase --- spectrophotometry --- orthogonal experiment --- bromothymol blue --- Botrytis cinerea --- antifungal activity --- laccase --- 2,6-dimethoxy-4-(phenylimino)cyclohexa-2,5-dienone derivatives --- citral --- citronellal --- enantioselectivity --- Old Yellow Enzyme --- site-saturation mutagenesis --- substrate binding mode --- browning reaction --- polyphenol oxidase --- ultrasonic processing --- structural changes --- aggregation --- ganoderic acid A --- glucosyltransferase --- acidic --- Bacillus subtilis --- triterpenoid --- Lentinula edodes --- endogenous formaldehyde --- GGT --- C-S lyase --- expression levels --- n/a