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Acoustic emission (AE) techniques have successfully been used for assuring the structural integrity of large rocket motorcases since 1963, and their uses have expanded to ever larger structures, especially as structural health monitoring (SHM) of large structures has become the most urgent task for engineering communities around the world. The needs for advanced AE monitoring methods are felt keenly by those dealing with aging infrastructures. Many publications have appeared covering various aspects of AE techniques, but documentation of actual applications of AE techniques has been mostly limited to reports of successful results without technical details that allow objective evaluation of the results. There are some exceptions in the literature. In this Special Issue of the Acoustics section of Applied Sciences, we seek contributions covering these exceptions cited here. Here, we seek contributions describing case histories of AE applications to large structures that have achieved the goals of SHM by providing adequate technical information supporting the success stories. Types of structures can include aerospace and geological structures, bridges, buildings, factories, maritime facilities, off-shore structures, etc. Experiences with AE monitoring methods designed and proven for large stru

History of engineering & technology --- acoustic emission --- thermal cracking --- asphalt pavements --- embrittlement temperatures --- recycled asphalt pavements --- recycled asphalt shingles --- cooling cycles --- closed-form solution --- outlier --- time difference of arrival --- weight estimation --- structural diagnosis --- attenuation --- source location --- sensing --- signal processing --- structural health monitoring --- time series analysis --- b-value --- natural time --- critical phenomena --- reliability --- structural integrity --- crack growth --- fatigue life prediction --- uncertainty analysis --- nondestructive testing --- non-destructive testing --- hydrotreater --- bridge --- high temperature --- gas adsorber --- rotary kiln --- dragline --- acoustic emission (AE) --- non-destructive methods (NDT) --- diagnostic methods --- bridges --- structural health monitoring (SHM) --- acoustic emission swarm --- 2011 Tohoku earthquake --- repeating earthquake --- multiplet --- crustal movement --- optimized EEMD --- 2D-MUSIC --- composite structure --- impact localization --- part qualification --- structural design --- composites --- nondestructive evaluation (NDE) --- in situ acoustic emission (AE) monitoring --- mines --- host rock --- remote monitoring --- corrosion --- nuclear facilities --- alkali-silica reaction --- pattern recognition --- confinement --- damage evaluation --- beam --- vibration --- high-rate dynamics --- n/a

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Acoustic emission (AE) techniques have successfully been used for assuring the structural integrity of large rocket motorcases since 1963, and their uses have expanded to ever larger structures, especially as structural health monitoring (SHM) of large structures has become the most urgent task for engineering communities around the world. The needs for advanced AE monitoring methods are felt keenly by those dealing with aging infrastructures. Many publications have appeared covering various aspects of AE techniques, but documentation of actual applications of AE techniques has been mostly limited to reports of successful results without technical details that allow objective evaluation of the results. There are some exceptions in the literature. In this Special Issue of the Acoustics section of Applied Sciences, we seek contributions covering these exceptions cited here. Here, we seek contributions describing case histories of AE applications to large structures that have achieved the goals of SHM by providing adequate technical information supporting the success stories. Types of structures can include aerospace and geological structures, bridges, buildings, factories, maritime facilities, off-shore structures, etc. Experiences with AE monitoring methods designed and proven for large stru

acoustic emission --- thermal cracking --- asphalt pavements --- embrittlement temperatures --- recycled asphalt pavements --- recycled asphalt shingles --- cooling cycles --- closed-form solution --- outlier --- time difference of arrival --- weight estimation --- structural diagnosis --- attenuation --- source location --- sensing --- signal processing --- structural health monitoring --- time series analysis --- b-value --- natural time --- critical phenomena --- reliability --- structural integrity --- crack growth --- fatigue life prediction --- uncertainty analysis --- nondestructive testing --- non-destructive testing --- hydrotreater --- bridge --- high temperature --- gas adsorber --- rotary kiln --- dragline --- acoustic emission (AE) --- non-destructive methods (NDT) --- diagnostic methods --- bridges --- structural health monitoring (SHM) --- acoustic emission swarm --- 2011 Tohoku earthquake --- repeating earthquake --- multiplet --- crustal movement --- optimized EEMD --- 2D-MUSIC --- composite structure --- impact localization --- part qualification --- structural design --- composites --- nondestructive evaluation (NDE) --- in situ acoustic emission (AE) monitoring --- mines --- host rock --- remote monitoring --- corrosion --- nuclear facilities --- alkali-silica reaction --- pattern recognition --- confinement --- damage evaluation --- beam --- vibration --- high-rate dynamics --- n/a

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This volume deals with novel high-quality research results of a wide class of mathematical models with applications in engineering, nature, and social sciences. Analytical and numeric, deterministic and uncertain dimensions are treated. Complex and multidisciplinary models are treated, including novel techniques of obtaining observation data and pattern recognition. Among the examples of treated problems, we encounter problems in engineering, social sciences, physics, biology, and health sciences. The novelty arises with respect to the mathematical treatment of the problem. Mathematical models are built, some of them under a deterministic approach, and other ones taking into account the uncertainty of the data, deriving random models. Several resulting mathematical representations of the models are shown as equations and systems of equations of different types: difference equations, ordinary differential equations, partial differential equations, integral equations, and algebraic equations. Across the chapters of the book, a wide class of approaches can be found to solve the displayed mathematical models, from analytical to numeric techniques, such as finite difference schemes, finite volume methods, iteration schemes, and numerical integration methods.

Research & information: general --- Mathematics & science --- mathematical modeling --- infiltration well --- differential equations --- porous medium --- fractal conductivity model --- incomplete rankings --- Kendall’s tau --- permutation graph --- competitive balance --- Spotify --- collocation --- volterra integral equation --- highly oscillatory --- convergence --- areal porosity --- volumetric porosity --- fractal area-volume relationship --- tortuosity factor --- joint probability --- corrugated box printing machine --- modified Delphi method --- analytic network process (ANP) --- supplier --- nonlinear system --- iterative method --- divided difference operator --- stability --- parameter plane --- dynamical plane --- random hyperbolic model --- random laplace transform --- numerical integration --- monte carlo method --- numerical simulation --- talbot algorithm --- stochastic perturbations --- random nonlinear oscillator --- maximum entropy principle --- probability density function --- stationary Gaussian noise --- random mean square parabolic model --- finite degree of randomness --- random finite difference scheme --- relativistic harmonic oscillator --- kinematics of a particle --- special relativity --- nonlinear problems in mechanics --- equations of motion in gravitational theory --- virus propagation --- stochastic modeling --- Gillespie algorithm --- conservative formulation --- multidimensional fragmentation equation --- weight functions --- finite volume scheme --- contamination plume --- advection-diffusion --- universal curves --- Dirichlet-to-Neumann map --- Schrödinger operator --- contagion effect --- difference equation --- elections --- labor condition --- mathematical compartmental discrete model --- political corruption --- revolving doors --- sensitivity analysis --- simulation --- numerical methods --- integro-interpolation method --- splitting method --- convergence of models --- standard deviation of the error --- diabetic retinopathy --- ocular fundus --- laser coagulation --- optical coherence tomography --- image processing --- segmentation --- safe treatment --- Hermite interpolation --- nodal systems --- unit circle --- circular membrane --- fluid-structure interaction --- differential-integral equations --- power series method --- closed-form solution --- time series model --- wavelet transform --- ARIMA model --- neural network NARX --- ionospheric parameters --- courtyard --- climate change --- microclimate --- Support Vector Regression (SVR) --- machine learning --- matrix functions --- matrix hyperbolic tangent --- matrix exponential --- Taylor series --- matrix polynomial evaluation --- n/a --- Kendall's tau --- Schrödinger operator

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Despite the enormous technical progress seen in the past few years, the maturity of indoor localization technologies has not yet reached the level of GNSS solutions. The 23 selected papers in this book present the recent advances and new developments in indoor localization systems and technologies, propose novel or improved methods with increased performance, provide insight into various aspects of quality control, and also introduce some unorthodox positioning methods.

Technology: general issues --- filter --- finite memory structure --- infinite memory structure --- smoother --- target tracking --- Indoor Positioning System --- WLAN --- C-Means --- K-Means --- Access Point Selection --- RSS-fingerprint --- smartphone --- pedestrian dead reckoning --- heading estimation --- autoregressive model --- adaptive Kalman filter --- indoor localization --- Wi-Fi received signal strength indicator (RSSI) --- semisupervised learning --- feature extraction --- mobile fingerprinting --- trajectory learning --- localization --- hybrid localization --- Bluetooth Low Energy --- extended kalman filter --- internet of things --- proximity sensors --- smartphone sensors --- pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR) --- Wi-Fi indoor positioning --- sensor fusion frameworks --- Kalman filter --- location fingerprinting --- trilateration --- received signal strength indication (RSSI) --- indoor positioning --- 5G system --- hybrid positioning --- geometric dilution of precision --- closed-form solution --- Cramer-Rao lower bound --- visually impaired (VI) --- computer vision --- deep learning --- multi-label convolutional support vector machine (M-CSVM) --- assistive technology --- visually impaired --- navigational system --- indoor navigation --- markers --- mobile robots --- wireless sensor network --- time of arrival (TOA) --- NLOS --- modified probabilistic data association (MPDA) --- indoor location recognition --- received signal strength (RSS) --- Wi-Fi fingerprint positioning --- deep neural network (DNN) --- optimization methods --- adaptive filter --- hidden Markov models (HMM) --- I/O detection --- GPS signal --- machine learning --- positioning applications. --- PDR --- geomagnetic positioning --- particle filter --- genetic algorithm --- Wi-Fi fine timing measurement --- NLOS identification --- Gaussian model --- carrier phase --- differential pseudolite system --- extended Kalman filter --- reliability --- integrity monitoring --- transparent obstacle recognition --- reflection noise --- laser range finder --- path planning --- mobile robot --- automated data acquisition --- remote sensing technologies --- automated progress reporting --- data fusion --- tracking resources --- bearing estimation --- azimuth estimation --- signal processing --- position estimation --- photodiode array --- indoor ranging algorithm --- channel state information --- received signal strength indicator --- VPR --- fusion navigation --- UWB --- multi-path detection --- NLOS and MP discrimination --- SVM --- random forest --- multilayer perceptron --- LOS --- DWM1000 --- fingerprinting --- smart buildings --- mobile devices --- indoor localization technologies --- model based techniques --- quality control

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Despite the enormous technical progress seen in the past few years, the maturity of indoor localization technologies has not yet reached the level of GNSS solutions. The 23 selected papers in this book present the recent advances and new developments in indoor localization systems and technologies, propose novel or improved methods with increased performance, provide insight into various aspects of quality control, and also introduce some unorthodox positioning methods.

filter --- finite memory structure --- infinite memory structure --- smoother --- target tracking --- Indoor Positioning System --- WLAN --- C-Means --- K-Means --- Access Point Selection --- RSS-fingerprint --- smartphone --- pedestrian dead reckoning --- heading estimation --- autoregressive model --- adaptive Kalman filter --- indoor localization --- Wi-Fi received signal strength indicator (RSSI) --- semisupervised learning --- feature extraction --- mobile fingerprinting --- trajectory learning --- localization --- hybrid localization --- Bluetooth Low Energy --- extended kalman filter --- internet of things --- proximity sensors --- smartphone sensors --- pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR) --- Wi-Fi indoor positioning --- sensor fusion frameworks --- Kalman filter --- location fingerprinting --- trilateration --- received signal strength indication (RSSI) --- indoor positioning --- 5G system --- hybrid positioning --- geometric dilution of precision --- closed-form solution --- Cramer-Rao lower bound --- visually impaired (VI) --- computer vision --- deep learning --- multi-label convolutional support vector machine (M-CSVM) --- assistive technology --- visually impaired --- navigational system --- indoor navigation --- markers --- mobile robots --- wireless sensor network --- time of arrival (TOA) --- NLOS --- modified probabilistic data association (MPDA) --- indoor location recognition --- received signal strength (RSS) --- Wi-Fi fingerprint positioning --- deep neural network (DNN) --- optimization methods --- adaptive filter --- hidden Markov models (HMM) --- I/O detection --- GPS signal --- machine learning --- positioning applications. --- PDR --- geomagnetic positioning --- particle filter --- genetic algorithm --- Wi-Fi fine timing measurement --- NLOS identification --- Gaussian model --- carrier phase --- differential pseudolite system --- extended Kalman filter --- reliability --- integrity monitoring --- transparent obstacle recognition --- reflection noise --- laser range finder --- path planning --- mobile robot --- automated data acquisition --- remote sensing technologies --- automated progress reporting --- data fusion --- tracking resources --- bearing estimation --- azimuth estimation --- signal processing --- position estimation --- photodiode array --- indoor ranging algorithm --- channel state information --- received signal strength indicator --- VPR --- fusion navigation --- UWB --- multi-path detection --- NLOS and MP discrimination --- SVM --- random forest --- multilayer perceptron --- LOS --- DWM1000 --- fingerprinting --- smart buildings --- mobile devices --- indoor localization technologies --- model based techniques --- quality control