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Ubiquinones --- Energy metabolism --- Physiological effect --- Energy metabolism. --- Bioenergetics --- Metabolism --- Microbial respiration --- Coenzyme Q --- Coenzyme Q10 --- Dimethoxymethylbenzoquinone --- Coenzymes --- Isopentenoids --- Quinone --- Physiological effect. --- Ubiquinones - Physiological effect

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Complex I (NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase) is the first and largest enzyme of the respiratory chain in mitochondria and plays a central role in cellular energy production. Complex I dysfunction has been implicated in many human neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson’s. Mutations in complex I subunits are among the most common human genetic disorders known. Until recently, in the absence of structural information, complex I was the least understood enzyme of the respiratory chain. The mechanism by which it couples electron transfer between NADH and quinone to the translocation of protons across the membrane was a complete enigma. Recent years have been marked by spectacular progress in the elucidation of complex I’s structure, finally allowing the interpretation of a wealth of data accumulated in about 50 years since the discovery of the enzyme. Understanding of the mechanism of this large molecular machine, involving long-range conformational changes, is beginning to emerge. This book is the first devoted entirely to complex I. It contains chapters written by leaders in the field, covering a wide range of topics from the structure of the complex, properties of its many redox centers, subunit composition, mutagenesis studies, evolution of the enzyme and on to the current understanding of the coupling mechanism and the molecular basis for human pathologies. Features: - Concise and authoritative review of current state-of-the-art in research on respiratory complex I - The first book entirely devoted to complex I, a central enzyme in bioenergetics - Recent breakthroughs in structure elucidation finally allow understanding of the mechanism - Mutations leading to common and severe human disorders are discussed.

Mitochondrial pathology. --- Oxidoreductases --- Dehydrogenases. --- NAD(P)H dehydrogenases. --- Ubiquinones. --- Coenzyme Q --- Coenzyme Q10 --- Dimethoxymethylbenzoquinone --- NADH, NADPH dehydrogenases --- NADH, NADPH oxidoreductases --- NAD(P)H oxidoreductases --- Medicine. --- Molecular biology. --- Biochemistry. --- Proteins. --- Cell membranes. --- Biomedicine. --- Biomedicine general. --- Biochemistry, general. --- Protein Structure. --- Membrane Biology. --- Molecular Medicine. --- Coenzymes --- Isopentenoids --- Quinone --- Dehydrogenases --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Biology --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Cell surfaces --- Cytoplasmic membranes --- Plasma membranes --- Plasmalemma --- Membranes (Biology) --- Glycocalyces --- Composition --- Health Workforce --- Proteins . --- Cell membranes . --- Biomedicine, general. --- Molecular biochemistry --- Molecular biophysics --- Biochemistry --- Biophysics --- Biomolecules --- Systems biology --- Proteids --- Polypeptides --- Proteomics

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This collection of review articles authored by international experts pulls together current information about the role of mitochondria in aging and diseases of aging. Mitochondria are vitally important cellular organelles and undergo their own aging process becoming less efficient in aged animals including humans. These changes have wide-ranging significance contributing to immune dysfunction (autoimmunity and immune deficiency), inflammation, delayed healing, skin and retinal damage, cancer and most of the degenerative diseases of aging. Mitochondrial aging predisposes to drug toxicity in the geriatric population and to many of the features of normal aging. The research detailed in this book summarizes current understanding of the role of mitochondria in the complex molecular changes of aging, moving on to specific diseases of aging. Mitochondrial dysfunction is an important target for development of treatments for aging and disease. The last article details how exercise is a treatment and combats many features of the aging process.

age-related diseases --- n/a --- sphingolipids --- glaucoma --- ALS --- neurodegeneration --- mitochondrial dysfunction --- adaptive immunity --- senescence --- de-emergence --- innate immunity --- cell danger response --- mitochondrial transfer --- axonal transport --- cytokines --- mitochondrial --- age-related macular degeneration --- prevention --- heart failure --- purinergic signaling --- autophagy --- Alzheimer’s disease --- diabetic retinopathy --- proteostasis --- 1 --- immunosenescence --- Miro1 --- ROS --- metabolism --- optic nerve --- polypharmacy --- eIF2? --- Parkin --- coenzyme Q10 --- neurodegenerative disease --- DNA damage --- skin --- exercise --- nucleotide metabolism --- pasteur effect --- stress response --- inflammation --- retina --- drug-induced mitochondrial toxicity --- neuroinflammation --- exosomes --- reactive oxygen species --- 25(OH)D --- cardiomyopathy --- crabtree effect --- insulin resistance --- cardiovascular disease --- ageing --- genetic mutations --- metabokines --- mitochondria --- multiple sclerosis --- aerobic --- healing cycle --- SOD1 --- mitophagy --- PINK1 --- type 2 diabetes --- integrated cell stress response --- morbidity and mortality --- ultraviolet --- photoageing --- cancer --- aging --- 25(OH)2D --- lysosome --- NAD+ --- Parkinson’s disease --- Alzheimer's disease --- Parkinson's disease

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Unhealthy food intake and insufficient physical activities are related to obesity or lifestyle diseases, which can cause cardiovascular diseases, ultimately leading to death. However, many people are not aware of the importance of these factors, especially before cardiovascular development, although there are several good food habits that can be adopted. After the development of obesity or lifestyle diseases, nutrition and exercise control with appropriate medical therapies are required. Still, many patients do not recognize the importance of these habits. After cardiovascular disease development, nutrition and exercise with optimal medical and/or interventional therapies are required. However, some patients are not able to control their food intake and physical activities. At the advanced stage of heart failure, many things are restricted, including food intake and quality of life issues. At the end of life, nutritional care should be discussed. This book, Nutrition, Exercise, and End-of-Life Discussion in the Cardiovascular Field, addresses the importance of nutrition control before and after cardiovascular disease development, which consists of 14 peer-reviewed papers that cover the general population and patients with end-stage cardiovascular diseases.

milk intake --- mortality --- stroke --- Bayesian survival analysis --- time-to-event data --- JACC study --- unhealthy eating habits --- accumulation --- obesity --- central obesity --- general Japanese population --- atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease --- polyunsaturated fatty acids --- eicosapentaenoic acid --- docosahexaenoic acid --- arachidonic acid --- descriptive study --- heart failure --- vitamin D --- big data --- heart failure with preserved ejection fraction --- geriatric nutritional risk index --- behavioral modification stages --- nutrition counseling --- patient education --- acute coronary syndrome --- healthy behaviors --- diet --- legumes --- fish --- red/processed meat --- physical activity --- anxiety --- depression --- season --- calorie intake --- hospitalization --- malnutrition --- D-dimer --- intervention --- elderly --- cardiovascular mortality --- selenium --- coenzyme Q10 --- acylcarnitine --- brain natriuretic peptide --- cardiac function --- cardiomyopathy --- carnitine deficiency --- CPT2 --- end-stage kidney disease --- free fatty acid --- hemodialysis --- continuous glucose monitoring --- glucose fluctuation --- intracranial artery stenosis --- mean amplitude of glycemic excursions --- standard deviation --- palliative care --- end-of-life care discussion --- advance care planning --- food intake --- artificial nutrition --- onco-cardiology --- nutrition status --- cancer --- acute myocardial infarction --- plant-based dietary patterns --- grains --- nuts --- fruits --- vegetables --- cardiovascular disease --- n/a

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This Special Issue of Nutrients on "Nutraceutical, Nutrition Supplements, and Human Health" provides readers with contemporary knowledge on the role of functional foods, dietary supplements, and nutraceuticals in improving overall health and preventing chronic diseases. Various renowned international scientists, physicians, and other healthcare professionals have contributed to this compendium of excellent laboratory and clinical studies. The manuscripts provide evidence-based knowledge of nutritional compounds/functional food to improve many health conditions, including metabolic disorders, cardiovascular disease, muscle metabolism, obesity, neurological disorders, infectious diseases, aging, and cancer. All contributions were thoroughly peer-reviewed by a distinguished panel of scientists, and only highly ranked manuscripts were included to ensure the quality of contents. This book is an excellent resource for academic personnel and students in nutrition research, dietitians, physicians, and consumers.

Lactobacillus salivarius --- otitis --- probiotic --- bacteriocin --- prevention --- Morus nigra L. --- black mulberry --- nutraceutical --- pharmacological properties --- coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) --- bioavailability --- intestinal absorption --- neuroprotection --- fenugreek --- protein hydrolysate --- antiproliferative --- apoptosis --- antioxidant --- Caco2 cells --- catechins --- green tea extract --- herbal dietary supplements --- hepatotoxicity --- microbiome --- Streptococcus agalactiae --- GBS --- pregnancy --- cachexia --- plum --- cancer --- muscle wasting --- myoblasts --- protein synthesis --- graviola --- weight loss --- obesity --- blood glucose --- food composition --- metabolic syndrome --- natural products --- Carica papaya --- Bifidobacterium breve M-16V --- infant health --- clinical efficacy --- probiotics --- gut microbiota --- Autism spectrum disorder --- dietary supplements --- pediatric --- physician communication --- frankincense --- Boswellia --- boswellic acid --- lupeolic acid --- AKBA --- cytokine --- breast cancer --- pentacyclic triterpenic acid --- triterpenoid --- chorioallantoic membrane assay --- Platycodon grandiflorus root --- BMI --- body fat mass --- abdominal fat area --- wild rice --- metabolomics --- atherosclerosis --- LDL-r-KO mice --- cytokines --- 16S rDNA --- plasma --- feces --- proteins --- carbohydrates --- functional food --- curcumin --- formulated curcumin --- pharmacokinetics --- aurora kinase A --- hepatocellular carcinoma --- Dietary Supplement Label Database --- food description --- food classification --- FoodEx2 --- quelites --- supplementation --- arsenic --- vitamin K --- diet supplement --- age-related diseases --- vitamin K-dependent proteins --- pathological calcification --- inflammation --- skeletal muscles --- Bifidobacterium breve B-3 --- muscle mass --- mitochondria --- n/a