Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Using household survey data, this paper estimates the mortality impact of improved water and sanitation access in order to evaluate the potential contribution of water and sanitation investment toward achieving the child mortality targets defined in Millennium Development Goal 4. The authors find that the average mortality reduction achievable by investment in water and sanitation infrastructure is 25 deaths per 1,000 children born across countries, a difference that accounts for about 40 percent of the gap between current child mortality rates and the 2015 target set in the Millennium Development Goals. According to the estimates, full household coverage with water and sanitation infrastructure could lead to a total reduction of 2.2 million child deaths per year in the developing world. Combining this analysis with cost data for water and sanitation infrastructure, the authors estimate that the average cost per life-year saved ranges between 65 and 80 percent of developing countries' annual gross domestic product per capita. The results suggest that investment in water and sanitation is a highly cost-effective policy option, even when only the mortality benefits are taken into consideration. Taking into account the additional expected benefits, such as reduced morbidity, time spending, and environmental hazards, would further increase the benefit-cost ratio.

Child Mortality --- Cost-Effective Policy --- Environmental Hazards --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Population Policies --- Sanitation Infrastructure --- Town Water Supply and Sanitation --- Urban Water Supply and Sanitation --- Wastewater Treatment --- Water Accessibility --- Water Supply and Sanitation Governance and Institutions

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Savannas and woodlands are one of the most challenging targets for remote sensing. This book provides a current snapshot of the geographical focus and application of the latest sensors and sensor combinations in savannas and woodlands. It includes feature articles on terrestrial laser scanning and on the application of remote sensing to characterization of vegetation dynamics in the Mato Grosso, Cerrado and Caatinga of Brazil. It also contains studies focussed on savannas in Europe, North America, Africa and Australia. It should be important reading for environmental practitioners and scientists globally who are concerned with the sustainability of the global savanna and woodland biome.

Research & information: general --- Savanna --- alternative stable states --- MODIS VCF --- land surface temperature --- albedo --- Cerrado --- Amazon --- vegetation type --- optical --- sar --- synergism --- mapping --- savanna --- post oak --- vegetation index --- ecosystem function --- phenology --- encroachment --- evergreen --- deciduous --- vegetation --- grassland --- fractional cover --- trend --- ecoregion --- bare soil --- livestock --- production systems --- remote sensing --- vegetation dynamics --- vegetation persistence --- conservation --- savannas --- Africa --- vegetation indices --- oak-grass savanna --- hydrology --- Sentinel-2 --- land cover --- grasslands --- forests --- monitoring --- random forest --- spectral indexes --- vegetation seasonality --- aboveground biomass --- Cerrado ecosystem --- SAR --- allometry --- biomass --- carbon --- cost-effective --- LiDAR --- TLS --- plant water availability --- tree phenology --- phenocams --- MODIS --- terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) --- Above Ground Biomass (AGB) --- 3D point cloud --- vegetation structure --- n/a

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Savannas and woodlands are one of the most challenging targets for remote sensing. This book provides a current snapshot of the geographical focus and application of the latest sensors and sensor combinations in savannas and woodlands. It includes feature articles on terrestrial laser scanning and on the application of remote sensing to characterization of vegetation dynamics in the Mato Grosso, Cerrado and Caatinga of Brazil. It also contains studies focussed on savannas in Europe, North America, Africa and Australia. It should be important reading for environmental practitioners and scientists globally who are concerned with the sustainability of the global savanna and woodland biome.

Savanna --- alternative stable states --- MODIS VCF --- land surface temperature --- albedo --- Cerrado --- Amazon --- vegetation type --- optical --- sar --- synergism --- mapping --- savanna --- post oak --- vegetation index --- ecosystem function --- phenology --- encroachment --- evergreen --- deciduous --- vegetation --- grassland --- fractional cover --- trend --- ecoregion --- bare soil --- livestock --- production systems --- remote sensing --- vegetation dynamics --- vegetation persistence --- conservation --- savannas --- Africa --- vegetation indices --- oak-grass savanna --- hydrology --- Sentinel-2 --- land cover --- grasslands --- forests --- monitoring --- random forest --- spectral indexes --- vegetation seasonality --- aboveground biomass --- Cerrado ecosystem --- SAR --- allometry --- biomass --- carbon --- cost-effective --- LiDAR --- TLS --- plant water availability --- tree phenology --- phenocams --- MODIS --- terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) --- Above Ground Biomass (AGB) --- 3D point cloud --- vegetation structure --- n/a

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The road of acceptance of oncologic thermotherapy/hyperthermia as a synergistic modality in combination with standard oncologic therapies is still bumpy. This is partially due to the lack of level I evidence from international, multicentric, randomized clinical trials including large patient numbers and a long term follow-up. Therefore we need more level I EVIDENCE from clinical trials, we need HARMONISATION and global acceptance for existing technologies and a common language understood by all stakeholders and we need INNOVATION in the fields of biology, clinics and technology to move thermotherapy/hyperthermia forward. This is the main focus of this reprint. In this reprintyou find carefully selected and peer-reviewed contributions from Africa, America, Asia, and Europe. The published papers from leading scientists from all over the world covering a broad range of timely research topics might also help to strengthen thermotherapy on a global level.

Medicine --- Oncology --- perfusion estimation --- temperature monitoring --- conductivity reconstruction --- systems medicine --- immune system in silico --- perceptron --- antigen pattern --- danger signal --- fractionation --- immune response --- head and neck cancer --- hyperthermia --- reirradiation --- treatment outcome --- hyperthermia treatment planning --- adaptive planning --- temperature optimization --- low-middle-income group countries --- cancer --- radiotherapy --- chemotherapy --- recurrent breast cancers --- cervical cancer --- head and neck cancers --- cost-effective --- meta-analysis --- intensity-modulated radiotherapy --- prostate cancer --- thermal dose --- thermometric parameters --- preclinical data --- clinical evidence --- modulated electro-hyperthermia --- abscopal effect --- locally advanced cervical cancer --- resource-constrained setting --- radiosensitiser --- rectal cancer --- chemoradiotherapy --- tumour control --- loco-regional hyperthermia --- oncology --- cellular selection --- bioelectromagnetics --- complexity --- immune-effects --- moderate hyperthermia --- deep hyperthermia --- radiative hyperthermia --- patterns of care --- reimbursement --- regional hyperthermia --- neoadjuvant chemoradiation --- survival --- induced --- brachytherapy --- prostatic neoplasms --- interstitial hyperthermia --- treatment plan optimization --- prostate --- thermoradiotherapy --- linear quadratic model --- biological modeling --- thermal dosimetry --- hypoxia --- radiation therapy --- reoxygenation --- perfusion --- oxygen consumption rate --- local tumor control --- biomarker --- immune phenotype --- hyperthermia treatment sequence --- breast cancer --- immune checkpoint molecules --- dendritic cell activation --- n/a

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The road of acceptance of oncologic thermotherapy/hyperthermia as a synergistic modality in combination with standard oncologic therapies is still bumpy. This is partially due to the lack of level I evidence from international, multicentric, randomized clinical trials including large patient numbers and a long term follow-up. Therefore we need more level I EVIDENCE from clinical trials, we need HARMONISATION and global acceptance for existing technologies and a common language understood by all stakeholders and we need INNOVATION in the fields of biology, clinics and technology to move thermotherapy/hyperthermia forward. This is the main focus of this reprint. In this reprintyou find carefully selected and peer-reviewed contributions from Africa, America, Asia, and Europe. The published papers from leading scientists from all over the world covering a broad range of timely research topics might also help to strengthen thermotherapy on a global level.

perfusion estimation --- temperature monitoring --- conductivity reconstruction --- systems medicine --- immune system in silico --- perceptron --- antigen pattern --- danger signal --- fractionation --- immune response --- head and neck cancer --- hyperthermia --- reirradiation --- treatment outcome --- hyperthermia treatment planning --- adaptive planning --- temperature optimization --- low-middle-income group countries --- cancer --- radiotherapy --- chemotherapy --- recurrent breast cancers --- cervical cancer --- head and neck cancers --- cost-effective --- meta-analysis --- intensity-modulated radiotherapy --- prostate cancer --- thermal dose --- thermometric parameters --- preclinical data --- clinical evidence --- modulated electro-hyperthermia --- abscopal effect --- locally advanced cervical cancer --- resource-constrained setting --- radiosensitiser --- rectal cancer --- chemoradiotherapy --- tumour control --- loco-regional hyperthermia --- oncology --- cellular selection --- bioelectromagnetics --- complexity --- immune-effects --- moderate hyperthermia --- deep hyperthermia --- radiative hyperthermia --- patterns of care --- reimbursement --- regional hyperthermia --- neoadjuvant chemoradiation --- survival --- induced --- brachytherapy --- prostatic neoplasms --- interstitial hyperthermia --- treatment plan optimization --- prostate --- thermoradiotherapy --- linear quadratic model --- biological modeling --- thermal dosimetry --- hypoxia --- radiation therapy --- reoxygenation --- perfusion --- oxygen consumption rate --- local tumor control --- biomarker --- immune phenotype --- hyperthermia treatment sequence --- breast cancer --- immune checkpoint molecules --- dendritic cell activation --- n/a