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Lunar roving vehicles. --- Manned lunar surface vehicles. --- Dead reckoning.

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During the last century, navigation systems have become ubiquitous and guide drivers, cyclists, and pedestrians towards their desired destinations. While operating worldwide, they rely on line-of-sight conditions towards satellites and are thus limited to outdoor areas. However, finding a gate within an airport, a ward within a hospital, or a university's auditorium also represent navigation problems. To provide navigation within such indoor environments, new approaches are required. This thesis examines pedestrian 3D indoor localization and navigation using commodity smartphones: A desirable target platform, always at hand and equipped with a multitude of sensors. The IMU (accelerometer, gyroscope, magnetometer) and barometer allow for pedestrian dead reckoning, that is, estimating relative location changes. Absolute whereabouts can be determined via Wi-Fi, an infrastructure present within most public buildings, or by using Bluetooth Low Energy Beacons as inexpensive supplement. The building's 3D floorplan not only enables navigation, but also increases accuracy by preventing impossible movements, and serves as a visual reference for the pedestrian. All aforementioned information is fused by recursive density estimation based on a particle filter. The conducted experiments cover both, theoretical backgrounds and real-world use-cases. All discussed approaches utilize the infrastructure found within most public buildings, are easy to set up, and maintain. Overall, this thesis results in an indoor localization and navigation system that can be easily deployed, without requiring any special hardware components.

Navigation. --- Navigation, Primitive --- Locomotion --- Orientation --- Nautical astronomy --- Naval art and science --- Pilots and pilotage --- Probabilistic Sensor Fusion --- Pedestrian Dead Reckoning --- Wi-Fi Location Estimation --- Indoor Floorplans --- 3D Movement Prediction

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This thesis develops next-generation multi-degree-of-freedom gyroscopes and inertial measurement units (IMU) using micro-electromechanical-systems (MEMS) technology. It covers both a comprehensive study of the physics of resonator gyroscopes and novel micro/nano-fabrication solutions to key performance limits in MEMS resonator gyroscopes. Firstly, theoretical and experimental studies of physical phenomena including mode localization, nonlinear behavior, and energy dissipation provide new insights into challenges like quadrature errors and flicker noise in resonator gyroscope systems. Secondly, advanced designs and micro/nano-fabrication methods developed in this work demonstrate valuable applications to a wide range of MEMS/NEMS devices. In particular, the HARPSS+ process platform established in this thesis features a novel slanted nano-gap transducer, which enabled the first wafer-level-packaged single-chip IMU prototype with co-fabricated high-frequency resonant triaxial gyroscopes and high-bandwidth triaxial micro-gravity accelerometers. This prototype demonstrates performance amongst the highest to date, with unmatched robustness and potential for flexible substrate integration and ultra-low-power operation. This thesis shows a path toward future low-power IMU-based applications including wearable inertial sensors, health informatics, and personal inertial navigation.

Engineering. --- Electronics. --- Vibration. --- Measurement Science and Instrumentation. --- Nanotechnology and Microengineering. --- Nanoscale Science and Technology. --- Electronics and Microelectronics, Instrumentation. --- Vibration, Dynamical Systems, Control. --- Cycles --- Mechanics --- Sound --- Electrical engineering --- Physical sciences --- Construction --- Industrial arts --- Technology --- Inertial navigation. --- Navigation, Inertial --- Dead reckoning (Navigation) --- Nautical instruments --- Navigation --- Physical measurements. --- Measurement   . --- Nanotechnology. --- Nanoscale science. --- Nanoscience. --- Nanostructures. --- Microelectronics. --- Dynamical systems. --- Dynamics. --- Dynamical systems --- Kinetics --- Mathematics --- Mechanics, Analytic --- Force and energy --- Physics --- Statics --- Microminiature electronic equipment --- Microminiaturization (Electronics) --- Electronics --- Microtechnology --- Semiconductors --- Miniature electronic equipment --- Nanoscience --- Nano science --- Nanoscale science --- Nanosciences --- Science --- Molecular technology --- Nanoscale technology --- High technology --- Measuring --- Mensuration --- Metrology --- Physical measurements --- Measurements, Physical --- Mathematical physics --- Measurement

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This book introduces typical inertial devices and inertial-based integrated navigation systems, gyro noise suppression, gyro temperature drift error modeling compensation, inertial-based integrated navigation systems under discontinuous observation conditions, and inertial-based brain integrated navigation systems. Integrated navigation is the result of the development of modern navigation theory and technology. The inertial navigation system has the advantages of strong autonomy, high short-term accuracy, all-day time, all weather, and so on. And it has been applied in most integrated navigation systems. Among them, the information processing of inertial-based integrated navigation system is the core technology. Due to the effect of the device mechanism and working environment, there are errors in the output information of the inertial-based integrated navigation system, including gyroscope noise, temperature drift, and discontinuous observations, which will seriously reduce the accuracy and robustness of the system. And the book helps readers to solve these problems. The intelligent information processing technology involved is equipped with simulation verification, which can be used as a reference for undergraduate, graduate, and Ph.D. students, and also scientific researchers or engineers engaged in navigation-related specialties.

Signal processing. --- Image processing. --- Speech processing systems. --- Electronics. --- Microelectronics. --- Wireless communication systems. --- Mobile communication systems. --- Transportation engineering. --- Traffic engineering. --- Signal, Image and Speech Processing. --- Electronics and Microelectronics, Instrumentation. --- Wireless and Mobile Communication. --- Transportation Technology and Traffic Engineering. --- Engineering, Traffic --- Road traffic --- Street traffic --- Traffic, City --- Traffic control --- Traffic regulation --- Urban traffic --- Highway engineering --- Transportation engineering --- Civil engineering --- Engineering --- Vehicles --- Vehicular communication systems --- Radio --- Wireless communication systems --- Communication systems, Wireless --- Wireless data communication systems --- Wireless information networks --- Wireless telecommunication systems --- Telecommunication systems --- Microminiature electronic equipment --- Microminiaturization (Electronics) --- Electronics --- Microtechnology --- Semiconductors --- Miniature electronic equipment --- Electrical engineering --- Physical sciences --- Computational linguistics --- Electronic systems --- Information theory --- Modulation theory --- Oral communication --- Speech --- Telecommunication --- Singing voice synthesizers --- Pictorial data processing --- Picture processing --- Processing, Image --- Imaging systems --- Optical data processing --- Processing, Signal --- Information measurement --- Signal theory (Telecommunication) --- Communication systems --- Inertial navigation --- Data processing. --- Navigation, Inertial --- Dead reckoning (Navigation) --- Nautical instruments --- Navigation

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Connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) are a transformative technology that is expected to change and improve the safety and efficiency of mobility. As the main functional components of CAVs, advanced sensing technologies and control algorithms, which gather environmental information, process data, and control vehicle motion, are of great importance. The development of novel sensing technologies for CAVs has become a hotspot in recent years. Thanks to improved sensing technologies, CAVs are able to interpret sensory information to further detect obstacles, localize their positions, navigate themselves, and interact with other surrounding vehicles in the dynamic environment. Furthermore, leveraging computer vision and other sensing methods, in-cabin humans’ body activities, facial emotions, and even mental states can also be recognized. Therefore, the aim of this Special Issue has been to gather contributions that illustrate the interest in the sensing and control of CAVs.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- TROOP --- truck platooning --- path planning --- kalman filter --- V2V communication --- string stability --- off-tracking --- articulated cargo trucks --- kabsch algorithm --- potential field --- sigmoid curve --- autonomous vehicles --- connected and autonomous vehicles --- artificial neural networks --- end-to-end learning --- multi-task learning --- urban vehicle platooning --- simulation --- attention --- executive control --- simulated driving --- task-cuing experiment --- electroencephalogram --- fronto-parietal network --- object vehicle estimation --- radar accuracy --- data-driven --- radar latency --- weighted interpolation --- autonomous vehicle --- urban platooning --- vehicle-to-vehicle communication --- in-vehicle network --- analytic hierarchy architecture --- traffic scenes --- object detection --- multi-scale channel attention --- attention feature fusion --- collision warning system --- ultra-wideband --- dead reckoning --- time to collision --- vehicle dynamic parameters --- Unscented Kalman Filter --- multiple-model --- electric vehicle --- unified chassis control --- unsprung mass --- autonomous driving --- trajectory tracking --- real-time control --- model predictive control --- tyre blow-out --- yaw stability --- roll stability --- vehicle dynamics model --- n/a