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Book
Ambient Air Quality in the Czech Republic
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Year: 2021 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute,

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Abstract

Ambient air quality in the present-day Czech Republic (CR), one of the two succession countries of Czechoslovakia post-1993, was perceived as a major problem with severe human health and environmental consequences, particularly between the 1970s and 1990s. Since that time, the ambient air quality in the CR has improved substantially, due to newly introduced stringent legislation and technical countermeasures. Nevertheless, there are still activities which represent significant emission sources, such as local heating and increased vehicle travel through communities. After a substantial decrease in emissions in both the CR and its neighbouring countries, the levels of some ambient air pollutants from the 2000s are still not satisfactory. In this respect, aerosol, ground-level ozone, and benzo[a]pyrene remain major problems, as they do elsewhere in Europe. The book provides a valuable update both on time trends and spatial changes in ambient air quality, and highlights the recent activities in both monitoring and modelling of principle ambient air pollutants in the CR.

Keywords

Research & information: general --- Environmental economics --- Pollution control --- air pollution --- air quality --- 1950–2018 --- Czechoslovakia --- emissions --- aerosol --- ground-level ozone --- atmospheric deposition --- health outcomes --- environmental issues --- particles --- traffic --- dispersion --- PM10 --- pollution --- F-gases --- greenhouse gases --- global warming potential --- substitutes for ozone depleting substances --- Czech Republic --- microsensors --- particle counter --- gas analyzers --- relative humidity --- mixing layer height --- ceilometer --- suspended particulate matter --- Czech-Polish border --- urban parks --- particulate matter --- nitrogen oxides --- ozone --- PM pollution --- seasonality --- meteorological conditions --- source apportionment --- PMF (Positive Matrix Factorization) --- PM2.5 --- long-term trends --- background scale --- locomotives --- non-road engines --- rail --- diesel-electric --- real-world emissions --- portable on-board emissions monitoring systems --- NOx --- real driving emissions --- urban canopy --- weather prediction --- validation --- PM1 aerosol --- elements --- water-soluble ions --- factor analysis --- benzo(a)pyrene --- ambient air concentrations --- spatial-temporal --- population exposure --- transboundary transport --- meteorological factors --- monitoring stations --- Passing–Bablok test --- regression analysis --- statistical modeling --- analysis of variance --- tower --- high-volume sampler --- wind-direction-dependent sampling --- neutron activation analysis --- elemental composition --- cross-border pollution transport --- AIR BORDER --- Czech-Polish borderlands --- Interreg --- NO2 --- passive sampler --- Dieselgate --- Prague --- traffic volume --- citizen science --- public policy --- health effects --- n/a --- 1950-2018 --- Passing-Bablok test --- Research. --- Environmental economics. --- Pollution prevention.


Book
Non-Newtonian Microfluidics
Authors: ---
Year: 2022 Publisher: Basel MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

Microfluidics has seen a remarkable growth over recent decades, with its extensive applications in engineering, medicine, biology, chemistry, etc. Many of these real applications of microfluidics involve the handling of complex fluids, such as whole blood, protein solutions, and polymeric solutions, which exhibit non-Newtonian characteristics—specifically viscoelasticity. The elasticity of the non-Newtonian fluids induces intriguing phenomena, such as elastic instability and turbulence, even at extremely low Reynolds numbers. This is the consequence of the nonlinear nature of the rheological constitutive equations. The nonlinear characteristic of non-Newtonian fluids can dramatically change the flow dynamics, and is useful to enhance mixing at the microscale. Electrokinetics in the context of non-Newtonian fluids are also of significant importance, with their potential applications in micromixing enhancement and bio-particles manipulation and separation. In this Special Issue, we welcomed research papers, and review articles related to the applications, fundamentals, design, and the underlying mechanisms of non-Newtonian microfluidics, including discussions, analytical papers, and numerical and/or experimental analyses.

Keywords

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- microfluidics --- Janus droplet --- OpenFOAM --- volume of fluid method --- adaptive dynamic mesh refinement --- shear-thinning fluid --- electroosmosis --- elastic instability --- non-Newtonian fluid --- Oldroyd-B model --- electroosmotic flow --- micromixing performance --- heterogeneous surface potential --- wall obstacle --- power-law fluid --- bvp4c --- RK4 technique --- brownian motion --- porous rotating disk --- maxwell nanofluid --- thermally radiative fluid --- von karman transformation --- hybrid nanofluid --- entropy generation --- induced magnetic field --- convective boundary conditions --- thermal radiations --- stretching disk --- viscoelastic material --- group similarity analysis --- thermal relaxation time --- parametric investigation --- variable magnetic field --- error analysis --- viscoelastic fluid --- microfluid --- direction-dependent --- viscous dissipation --- chemical reaction --- finite element procedure --- hybrid nanoparticles --- heat and mass transfer rates --- joule heating --- tri-hybrid nanoparticles --- Soret and Dufour effect --- boundary layer analysis --- finite element scheme --- heat generation --- constructive and destructive chemical reaction --- particle separation --- viscoelastic flow --- inertial focusing --- spiral channel --- transient two-layer flow --- power-law nanofluid --- heat transfer --- Laplace transform --- nanoparticle volume fraction --- effective thermal conductivity --- fractal scaling --- Monte Carlo --- porous media --- power-law model --- bioheat equation --- human body --- droplet deformation --- viscoelasticity --- wettable surface --- dielectric field --- droplet migration --- wettability gradient --- n/a


Book
Ambient Air Quality in the Czech Republic
Author:
Year: 2021 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute,

Loading...
Export citation

Choose an application

Bookmark

Abstract

Ambient air quality in the present-day Czech Republic (CR), one of the two succession countries of Czechoslovakia post-1993, was perceived as a major problem with severe human health and environmental consequences, particularly between the 1970s and 1990s. Since that time, the ambient air quality in the CR has improved substantially, due to newly introduced stringent legislation and technical countermeasures. Nevertheless, there are still activities which represent significant emission sources, such as local heating and increased vehicle travel through communities. After a substantial decrease in emissions in both the CR and its neighbouring countries, the levels of some ambient air pollutants from the 2000s are still not satisfactory. In this respect, aerosol, ground-level ozone, and benzo[a]pyrene remain major problems, as they do elsewhere in Europe. The book provides a valuable update both on time trends and spatial changes in ambient air quality, and highlights the recent activities in both monitoring and modelling of principle ambient air pollutants in the CR.

Keywords

Research & information: general --- Environmental economics --- Pollution control --- air pollution --- air quality --- 1950–2018 --- Czechoslovakia --- emissions --- aerosol --- ground-level ozone --- atmospheric deposition --- health outcomes --- environmental issues --- particles --- traffic --- dispersion --- PM10 --- pollution --- F-gases --- greenhouse gases --- global warming potential --- substitutes for ozone depleting substances --- Czech Republic --- microsensors --- particle counter --- gas analyzers --- relative humidity --- mixing layer height --- ceilometer --- suspended particulate matter --- Czech-Polish border --- urban parks --- particulate matter --- nitrogen oxides --- ozone --- PM pollution --- seasonality --- meteorological conditions --- source apportionment --- PMF (Positive Matrix Factorization) --- PM2.5 --- long-term trends --- background scale --- locomotives --- non-road engines --- rail --- diesel-electric --- real-world emissions --- portable on-board emissions monitoring systems --- NOx --- real driving emissions --- urban canopy --- weather prediction --- validation --- PM1 aerosol --- elements --- water-soluble ions --- factor analysis --- benzo(a)pyrene --- ambient air concentrations --- spatial-temporal --- population exposure --- transboundary transport --- meteorological factors --- monitoring stations --- Passing–Bablok test --- regression analysis --- statistical modeling --- analysis of variance --- tower --- high-volume sampler --- wind-direction-dependent sampling --- neutron activation analysis --- elemental composition --- cross-border pollution transport --- AIR BORDER --- Czech-Polish borderlands --- Interreg --- NO2 --- passive sampler --- Dieselgate --- Prague --- traffic volume --- citizen science --- public policy --- health effects --- n/a --- 1950-2018 --- Passing-Bablok test --- Research. --- Environmental economics. --- Pollution prevention.


Book
Non-Newtonian Microfluidics
Authors: ---
Year: 2022 Publisher: Basel MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

Loading...
Export citation

Choose an application

Bookmark

Abstract

Microfluidics has seen a remarkable growth over recent decades, with its extensive applications in engineering, medicine, biology, chemistry, etc. Many of these real applications of microfluidics involve the handling of complex fluids, such as whole blood, protein solutions, and polymeric solutions, which exhibit non-Newtonian characteristics—specifically viscoelasticity. The elasticity of the non-Newtonian fluids induces intriguing phenomena, such as elastic instability and turbulence, even at extremely low Reynolds numbers. This is the consequence of the nonlinear nature of the rheological constitutive equations. The nonlinear characteristic of non-Newtonian fluids can dramatically change the flow dynamics, and is useful to enhance mixing at the microscale. Electrokinetics in the context of non-Newtonian fluids are also of significant importance, with their potential applications in micromixing enhancement and bio-particles manipulation and separation. In this Special Issue, we welcomed research papers, and review articles related to the applications, fundamentals, design, and the underlying mechanisms of non-Newtonian microfluidics, including discussions, analytical papers, and numerical and/or experimental analyses.

Keywords

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- microfluidics --- Janus droplet --- OpenFOAM --- volume of fluid method --- adaptive dynamic mesh refinement --- shear-thinning fluid --- electroosmosis --- elastic instability --- non-Newtonian fluid --- Oldroyd-B model --- electroosmotic flow --- micromixing performance --- heterogeneous surface potential --- wall obstacle --- power-law fluid --- bvp4c --- RK4 technique --- brownian motion --- porous rotating disk --- maxwell nanofluid --- thermally radiative fluid --- von karman transformation --- hybrid nanofluid --- entropy generation --- induced magnetic field --- convective boundary conditions --- thermal radiations --- stretching disk --- viscoelastic material --- group similarity analysis --- thermal relaxation time --- parametric investigation --- variable magnetic field --- error analysis --- viscoelastic fluid --- microfluid --- direction-dependent --- viscous dissipation --- chemical reaction --- finite element procedure --- hybrid nanoparticles --- heat and mass transfer rates --- joule heating --- tri-hybrid nanoparticles --- Soret and Dufour effect --- boundary layer analysis --- finite element scheme --- heat generation --- constructive and destructive chemical reaction --- particle separation --- viscoelastic flow --- inertial focusing --- spiral channel --- transient two-layer flow --- power-law nanofluid --- heat transfer --- Laplace transform --- nanoparticle volume fraction --- effective thermal conductivity --- fractal scaling --- Monte Carlo --- porous media --- power-law model --- bioheat equation --- human body --- droplet deformation --- viscoelasticity --- wettable surface --- dielectric field --- droplet migration --- wettability gradient --- n/a


Book
Ambient Air Quality in the Czech Republic
Author:
Year: 2021 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute,

Loading...
Export citation

Choose an application

Bookmark

Abstract

Ambient air quality in the present-day Czech Republic (CR), one of the two succession countries of Czechoslovakia post-1993, was perceived as a major problem with severe human health and environmental consequences, particularly between the 1970s and 1990s. Since that time, the ambient air quality in the CR has improved substantially, due to newly introduced stringent legislation and technical countermeasures. Nevertheless, there are still activities which represent significant emission sources, such as local heating and increased vehicle travel through communities. After a substantial decrease in emissions in both the CR and its neighbouring countries, the levels of some ambient air pollutants from the 2000s are still not satisfactory. In this respect, aerosol, ground-level ozone, and benzo[a]pyrene remain major problems, as they do elsewhere in Europe. The book provides a valuable update both on time trends and spatial changes in ambient air quality, and highlights the recent activities in both monitoring and modelling of principle ambient air pollutants in the CR.

Keywords

air pollution --- air quality --- 1950–2018 --- Czechoslovakia --- emissions --- aerosol --- ground-level ozone --- atmospheric deposition --- health outcomes --- environmental issues --- particles --- traffic --- dispersion --- PM10 --- pollution --- F-gases --- greenhouse gases --- global warming potential --- substitutes for ozone depleting substances --- Czech Republic --- microsensors --- particle counter --- gas analyzers --- relative humidity --- mixing layer height --- ceilometer --- suspended particulate matter --- Czech-Polish border --- urban parks --- particulate matter --- nitrogen oxides --- ozone --- PM pollution --- seasonality --- meteorological conditions --- source apportionment --- PMF (Positive Matrix Factorization) --- PM2.5 --- long-term trends --- background scale --- locomotives --- non-road engines --- rail --- diesel-electric --- real-world emissions --- portable on-board emissions monitoring systems --- NOx --- real driving emissions --- urban canopy --- weather prediction --- validation --- PM1 aerosol --- elements --- water-soluble ions --- factor analysis --- benzo(a)pyrene --- ambient air concentrations --- spatial-temporal --- population exposure --- transboundary transport --- meteorological factors --- monitoring stations --- Passing–Bablok test --- regression analysis --- statistical modeling --- analysis of variance --- tower --- high-volume sampler --- wind-direction-dependent sampling --- neutron activation analysis --- elemental composition --- cross-border pollution transport --- AIR BORDER --- Czech-Polish borderlands --- Interreg --- NO2 --- passive sampler --- Dieselgate --- Prague --- traffic volume --- citizen science --- public policy --- health effects --- n/a --- 1950-2018 --- Passing-Bablok test --- Research. --- Environmental economics. --- Pollution prevention.


Book
Non-Newtonian Microfluidics
Authors: ---
Year: 2022 Publisher: Basel MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

Loading...
Export citation

Choose an application

Bookmark

Abstract

Microfluidics has seen a remarkable growth over recent decades, with its extensive applications in engineering, medicine, biology, chemistry, etc. Many of these real applications of microfluidics involve the handling of complex fluids, such as whole blood, protein solutions, and polymeric solutions, which exhibit non-Newtonian characteristics—specifically viscoelasticity. The elasticity of the non-Newtonian fluids induces intriguing phenomena, such as elastic instability and turbulence, even at extremely low Reynolds numbers. This is the consequence of the nonlinear nature of the rheological constitutive equations. The nonlinear characteristic of non-Newtonian fluids can dramatically change the flow dynamics, and is useful to enhance mixing at the microscale. Electrokinetics in the context of non-Newtonian fluids are also of significant importance, with their potential applications in micromixing enhancement and bio-particles manipulation and separation. In this Special Issue, we welcomed research papers, and review articles related to the applications, fundamentals, design, and the underlying mechanisms of non-Newtonian microfluidics, including discussions, analytical papers, and numerical and/or experimental analyses.

Keywords

microfluidics --- Janus droplet --- OpenFOAM --- volume of fluid method --- adaptive dynamic mesh refinement --- shear-thinning fluid --- electroosmosis --- elastic instability --- non-Newtonian fluid --- Oldroyd-B model --- electroosmotic flow --- micromixing performance --- heterogeneous surface potential --- wall obstacle --- power-law fluid --- bvp4c --- RK4 technique --- brownian motion --- porous rotating disk --- maxwell nanofluid --- thermally radiative fluid --- von karman transformation --- hybrid nanofluid --- entropy generation --- induced magnetic field --- convective boundary conditions --- thermal radiations --- stretching disk --- viscoelastic material --- group similarity analysis --- thermal relaxation time --- parametric investigation --- variable magnetic field --- error analysis --- viscoelastic fluid --- microfluid --- direction-dependent --- viscous dissipation --- chemical reaction --- finite element procedure --- hybrid nanoparticles --- heat and mass transfer rates --- joule heating --- tri-hybrid nanoparticles --- Soret and Dufour effect --- boundary layer analysis --- finite element scheme --- heat generation --- constructive and destructive chemical reaction --- particle separation --- viscoelastic flow --- inertial focusing --- spiral channel --- transient two-layer flow --- power-law nanofluid --- heat transfer --- Laplace transform --- nanoparticle volume fraction --- effective thermal conductivity --- fractal scaling --- Monte Carlo --- porous media --- power-law model --- bioheat equation --- human body --- droplet deformation --- viscoelasticity --- wettable surface --- dielectric field --- droplet migration --- wettability gradient --- n/a

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