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Traditionally fatigue, fracture, damage mechanics are predictions are based on empirical curve fitting models based on experimental data. However, when entropy is used as the metric for degradation of the material, the modeling process becomes physics based rather than empirical modeling. Because, entropy generation in a material can be calculated from the fundamental equation of thematerial. This collection of manuscripts is about using entropy for "Fatigue, Fracture, Failure Prediction and Structural Health Monitoring". The theoretical paper in the collection provides the mathematical and physics framework behind the unified mechanics theory, which unifies universal laws of motion of Newton and laws of thermodynamics at ab-initio level. Unified Mechanics introduces an additional axis called, Thermodynamic State Index axis which is linearly independent from Newtonian space x, y, z and time. As a result, derivative of displacement with respect to entropy is not zero, in unified mechanics theory, as in Newtonian mechanics. Any material is treated as a thermodynamic system and fundamental equation of the material is derived. Fundamental equation defines entropy generation rate in the system. Experimental papers in the collection prove validity of using entropy as a stable metric for Fatigue, Fracture, Failure Prediction and Structural Health Monitoring.

fatigue --- system failure --- degradation analysis --- entropy generation --- stress strain --- plastic strain --- thermodynamics --- health monitoring --- copula entropy --- measure --- dependence --- multiple degradation processes --- physics of failure --- prognosis and health management --- entropy as damage --- acoustic emission --- information entropy --- thermodynamic entropy --- Jeffreys divergence --- MaxEnt distributions --- fatigue damage --- low-cycle fatigue --- satellite --- dynamic health evaluation --- fuzzy reasoning --- entropy increase rate --- creep strain --- damage mechanics --- metallic material --- mechanothermodynamics --- tribo-fatigue entropy --- wear-fatigue damage --- stress-strain state --- limiting state --- damage state --- dangerous volume --- interaction --- irreversible damage --- degradation-entropy generation theorem --- dual-phase steel --- fatigue crack growth rate --- spectrum loading --- entropy --- unified mechanics --- Ti-6Al-4V --- medium entropy alloy --- deformation twinning --- dislocation slip --- surface nano-crystallization --- shot peening --- n/a

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In this Special Issue, we have gathered work on simulations of polycrystalline metals and alloys at various length scales to model multiscale localization phenomena such as slip bands, cracks, and twins. The series highlights innovative techniques that combine simulation and experiments to capture material production and guide the development of forming theories. The published work helps to understand the effect of microstructure characteristics on deformation and damage behavior under multiaxial load conditions. Furthermore, these models and the studies can be used with machine learning technologies to optimize microstructure functions for materials application and process paths.

Technology: general issues --- Chemical engineering --- crystal plasticity --- twinning --- detwinning --- dislocation --- X-ray diffraction --- SEM-DIC --- Magnesium --- plastic crystals --- Raman spectroscopy --- low temperature --- high-pressure --- L-Leucinium hydrogen maleate --- plasticity --- bending crystal --- damage mechanics --- numerical simulation --- local deformation behavior --- in situ tensile test --- VEDDAC --- DAMASK --- digital image correlation --- non-metallic inclusions --- discrete dislocation dynamics --- finite element method --- multiscale model --- size effects --- magnesium alloy --- slip transfer --- crystallographic misorientation --- ductility --- multilevel models --- dynamic recrystallization --- grain shape and grain size --- defect and grain structure evolution --- representative volume element --- least square method --- alternative error method --- dual-phase steel --- grain boundary --- characteristics --- electron microscopy --- cubic quasicrystal piezoelectric materials --- crack --- screw dislocation --- complex variable function method --- aluminum wires --- overhead power transmission lines --- XRD --- EBSD --- densitometry --- elastoplastic properties --- density --- near-surface layer --- solder joints --- lead-free --- reliability --- creep --- fatigue --- n/a

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Traditionally fatigue, fracture, damage mechanics are predictions are based on empirical curve fitting models based on experimental data. However, when entropy is used as the metric for degradation of the material, the modeling process becomes physics based rather than empirical modeling. Because, entropy generation in a material can be calculated from the fundamental equation of thematerial. This collection of manuscripts is about using entropy for "Fatigue, Fracture, Failure Prediction and Structural Health Monitoring". The theoretical paper in the collection provides the mathematical and physics framework behind the unified mechanics theory, which unifies universal laws of motion of Newton and laws of thermodynamics at ab-initio level. Unified Mechanics introduces an additional axis called, Thermodynamic State Index axis which is linearly independent from Newtonian space x, y, z and time. As a result, derivative of displacement with respect to entropy is not zero, in unified mechanics theory, as in Newtonian mechanics. Any material is treated as a thermodynamic system and fundamental equation of the material is derived. Fundamental equation defines entropy generation rate in the system. Experimental papers in the collection prove validity of using entropy as a stable metric for Fatigue, Fracture, Failure Prediction and Structural Health Monitoring.

History of engineering & technology --- fatigue --- system failure --- degradation analysis --- entropy generation --- stress strain --- plastic strain --- thermodynamics --- health monitoring --- copula entropy --- measure --- dependence --- multiple degradation processes --- physics of failure --- prognosis and health management --- entropy as damage --- acoustic emission --- information entropy --- thermodynamic entropy --- Jeffreys divergence --- MaxEnt distributions --- fatigue damage --- low-cycle fatigue --- satellite --- dynamic health evaluation --- fuzzy reasoning --- entropy increase rate --- creep strain --- damage mechanics --- metallic material --- mechanothermodynamics --- tribo-fatigue entropy --- wear-fatigue damage --- stress-strain state --- limiting state --- damage state --- dangerous volume --- interaction --- irreversible damage --- degradation-entropy generation theorem --- dual-phase steel --- fatigue crack growth rate --- spectrum loading --- entropy --- unified mechanics --- Ti-6Al-4V --- medium entropy alloy --- deformation twinning --- dislocation slip --- surface nano-crystallization --- shot peening --- n/a

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This book deals with metal processing and its numerical modelling and simulation. In total, 21 papers from different distinguished authors have been compiled in this area. Various processes are addressed, including solidification, TIG welding, additive manufacturing, hot and cold rolling, deep drawing, pipe deformation, and galvanizing. Material models are developed at different length scales from atomistic simulation to finite element analysis in order to describe the evolution and behavior of materials during thermal and thermomechanical treatment. Materials under consideration are carbon, Q&T, DP, and stainless steels; ductile iron; and aluminum, nickel-based, and titanium alloys. The developed models and simulations shall help to predict structure evolution, damage, and service behavior of advanced materials.

Technology: general issues --- all-position automatic tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding --- optimal welding parameters --- response surface method (RSM) --- lap joint --- weld bead geometry --- tin alloy --- modified embedded-atom method --- molecular dynamics simulation --- phase transformation --- diffusion --- numerical simulation --- cellular automaton --- dendritic grain growth --- quantitative prediction --- plasticity forming --- cold roll-beating forming --- process parameter --- multi-objective optimization --- undermatched --- integrity identification --- XFEM --- fracture toughness calculation method --- microstructure --- tensile properties --- intermetallics --- casting --- dual phase steel --- hot dip galvanizing line --- multivariate analysis --- dilatometry --- selective laser melting --- additive manufacturing --- SLM --- FEM --- Al2O3 --- reinforced --- Al2O3-ZrO2 --- 304 --- stainless --- composite --- aluminium alloy --- EN AW-6060 --- precipitation hardening aluminium alloys --- material model --- heating --- cooling --- flow cures --- LS-DYNA --- molecular dynamics --- nano-cutting --- crystal direction --- γ-TiAl alloy --- stacking fault --- flow stress --- hot deformation --- carbon steel --- continuous cooling --- phase transformations --- rupture disc --- finite element analysis --- burst fracture --- mechanical property --- austenitic stainless steel --- stress triaxiality --- material damage --- FEM simulation --- ultrasonic drawing --- titanium wire --- drawing force --- Mises stress --- contact stress --- work hardening --- deep drawing --- limiting drawing ratio (LDR) --- draw radius --- anisotropy --- finite element method --- stainless steels --- plastic deformation --- mechanical properties --- quarter buckle --- roll stack deflection --- strip material flow --- roll contour optimisation --- hot-rolled stainless steel --- model fitting --- optimization --- metal casting --- SGI --- compass search --- NEWUOA --- genetic algorithm --- particle swarm optimization --- additive manufacture --- Ti-6Al-4V --- temperature distribution --- distortion --- residual stress --- experimental validation --- cylindrical cup --- earing --- thermal modeling --- volumetric heat source --- computational efficiency

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• Reference Manager
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This book deals with metal processing and its numerical modelling and simulation. In total, 21 papers from different distinguished authors have been compiled in this area. Various processes are addressed, including solidification, TIG welding, additive manufacturing, hot and cold rolling, deep drawing, pipe deformation, and galvanizing. Material models are developed at different length scales from atomistic simulation to finite element analysis in order to describe the evolution and behavior of materials during thermal and thermomechanical treatment. Materials under consideration are carbon, Q&T, DP, and stainless steels; ductile iron; and aluminum, nickel-based, and titanium alloys. The developed models and simulations shall help to predict structure evolution, damage, and service behavior of advanced materials.

all-position automatic tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding --- optimal welding parameters --- response surface method (RSM) --- lap joint --- weld bead geometry --- tin alloy --- modified embedded-atom method --- molecular dynamics simulation --- phase transformation --- diffusion --- numerical simulation --- cellular automaton --- dendritic grain growth --- quantitative prediction --- plasticity forming --- cold roll-beating forming --- process parameter --- multi-objective optimization --- undermatched --- integrity identification --- XFEM --- fracture toughness calculation method --- microstructure --- tensile properties --- intermetallics --- casting --- dual phase steel --- hot dip galvanizing line --- multivariate analysis --- dilatometry --- selective laser melting --- additive manufacturing --- SLM --- FEM --- Al2O3 --- reinforced --- Al2O3-ZrO2 --- 304 --- stainless --- composite --- aluminium alloy --- EN AW-6060 --- precipitation hardening aluminium alloys --- material model --- heating --- cooling --- flow cures --- LS-DYNA --- molecular dynamics --- nano-cutting --- crystal direction --- γ-TiAl alloy --- stacking fault --- flow stress --- hot deformation --- carbon steel --- continuous cooling --- phase transformations --- rupture disc --- finite element analysis --- burst fracture --- mechanical property --- austenitic stainless steel --- stress triaxiality --- material damage --- FEM simulation --- ultrasonic drawing --- titanium wire --- drawing force --- Mises stress --- contact stress --- work hardening --- deep drawing --- limiting drawing ratio (LDR) --- draw radius --- anisotropy --- finite element method --- stainless steels --- plastic deformation --- mechanical properties --- quarter buckle --- roll stack deflection --- strip material flow --- roll contour optimisation --- hot-rolled stainless steel --- model fitting --- optimization --- metal casting --- SGI --- compass search --- NEWUOA --- genetic algorithm --- particle swarm optimization --- additive manufacture --- Ti-6Al-4V --- temperature distribution --- distortion --- residual stress --- experimental validation --- cylindrical cup --- earing --- thermal modeling --- volumetric heat source --- computational efficiency