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This book gathers a collection of papers summarizing some of the latest developments in the thermomechanical processing of steels. The replacement of conventional rolling plus post-rolling heat treatments by integrated controlled forming and cooling strategies implies important reductions in energy consumption, increases in productivity and more compact facilities in the steel industry. The metallurgical challenges that this integration implies, though, are relevant and impressive developments that have been achieved over the last 40 years. The frequency of the development of new steel grades and processing technologies devoted to thermomechanically processed products is increasing, and their implementation is being expended to higher value added products and applications. In addition to the metallurgical peculiarities and relationships between chemical composition, process and final properties, the relevance impact of advanced characterization techniques and innovative modelling strategies provides new tools to achieve the further deployment of the TMCP technologies. The contents of the book cover low carbon microalloyed grades, ferritic stainless steels and Fe–Al–Cr alloys, medium-Mn steels, and medium carbon grades. Authors of the chapters of this "Thermomechanical Processing of Steels" book represent some of the most relevant research groups from both the steel industry and academia.

Research & information: general --- low carbon steel --- prior austenite grain boundary --- carbon segregation --- Bs temperature --- ferritic stainless steel --- plastic deformation --- dynamic strain-induced transformation --- intercritical rolling --- microalloying --- microstructure --- EBSD --- high-aluminum steel --- second phase --- phase transition --- thermodynamic calculation --- ferritic heat resistant stainless steel --- hot tensile deformation --- tensile property --- dynamic recrystallization --- flow behavior --- high Ti steels --- Nb microalloying --- recrystallization kinetics --- strain-induced precipitation --- rheological law modeling --- rolling --- microstructural and mechanical coupling --- defect reduction --- advanced high-strength steels (AHSS) --- medium-Mn steel --- phase equilibrium --- niobium-titanium microalloyed steel --- electrical resistivity --- atom probe tomography --- scanning electron microscopy --- low-carbon steel --- microalloyed --- hot torsion testing --- prior austenite --- polygonal ferrite --- bainite --- vanadium microalloying --- austenite stability --- HEXRD --- EELS --- n/a

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The Special Issue ‘Physical Metallurgy of High Manganese Steels’ addresses the highly fascinating class of manganese-alloyed steels with manganese contents well above 3 mass%. The book gathers manuscripts from internationally recognized researchers with stimulating new ideas and original results. It consists of fifteen original research papers. Seven contributions focus on steels with manganese contents above 12 mass%. These contributions cover fundamental aspects of process-microstrcuture-properties relationships with processes ranging from cold and warm rolling over deep rolling to heat treatment. Novel findings regarding the fatigue and fracture behavior, deformation mechanisms, and computer-aided design are presented. Additionally, the Special Issue also reflects the current trend of reduced Mn content (3-12 mass%) in advanced high strength steels (AHSS). Eight contributions were dedicated to these alloys, which are often referred to as 3rd generation AHSS, medium manganese steels or quenching and partitioning (Q&P/Q+P) steels. The interplay between advanced processing, mainly novel annealing variants, and microstructure evolution has been addressed using computational and experimental approaches. A deeper understanding of strain-rate sensitivity, hydrogen embrittlement, phase transformations, and the consequences for the materials’ properties has been developed. Hence, the topics included are manifold, fundamental-science oriented and, at the same time, relevant to industrial application.

n/a --- TRIP --- microstructure --- medium-manganese steel --- dislocation density --- V alloying --- ultrafine grains --- intercritical annealing --- medium manganese steel --- fracture --- precipitations --- twinning induced plasticity --- deformation behavior --- fatigue --- austenite-reversed-transformation --- medium-manganese --- Lüders band --- medium-Mn steel --- fatigue behavior --- alloy design --- austenitic high nitrogen steel (HNS) --- high-entropy alloys --- mechanical properties --- retained austenite --- high-manganese steel --- localized deformation --- phase transformation --- austenite stability --- processing --- strain-hardening behavior --- TWIP steel --- recrystallization annealing --- damage --- strengthening --- cold rolling --- ultrafine-grained microstructure --- serrated flow --- multiscale simulation --- deformation twinning --- annealing --- high-Mn steels --- corrosion resistance --- TWIP --- quenching and partitioning --- high manganese steel --- lightweight --- residual stresses --- in-situ DIC tensile tests --- crash box --- deep rolling --- high strength steel --- plastic deformation --- MMn steel X20CrNiMnVN18-5-10 --- neutron diffraction --- phase field simulation --- dynamic strain aging --- cold deformation --- near surface properties --- P steel --- continuous annealing --- texture --- hydrogen embrittlement --- hot-stamping --- warm rolling --- strain-rate sensitivity --- austenite reversion --- D&amp --- forging --- high-manganese steels --- grain refinement --- double soaking

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This book is a collection of papers that originated as a Special Issue, focused on some recent advances related to fiber Bragg grating-based sensors and systems. Conventionally, this book can be divided into three parts: intelligent systems, new types of sensors, and original interrogators. The intelligent systems presented include evaluation of strain transition properties between cast-in FBGs and cast aluminum during uniaxial straining, multi-point strain measurements on a containment vessel, damage detection methods based on long-gauge FBG for highway bridges, evaluation of a coupled sequential approach for rotorcraft landing simulation, wearable hand modules and real-time tracking algorithms for measuring finger joint angles of different hand sizes, and glaze icing detection of 110 kV composite insulators. New types of sensors are reflected in multi-addressed fiber Bragg structures for microwave–photonic sensor systems, its applications in load-sensing wheel hub bearings, and more complex influence in problems of generation of vortex optical beams based on chiral fiber-optic periodic structures. Original interrogators include research in optical designs with curved detectors for FBG interrogation monitors; demonstration of a filterless, multi-point, and temperature-independent FBG dynamical demodulator using pulse-width modulation; and dual wavelength differential detection of FBG sensors with a pulsed DFB laser.

Research & information: general --- Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) --- composite insulator with embedded FBGs --- glaze icing --- icing detection --- fiber Bragg grating strain sensor --- algorithm --- hand motion capture --- real-time tracking --- fiber Bragg gratings --- landing simulation --- rotorcraft --- coupled sequential method --- landing structural response --- finite element analysis (FEA) --- microwave-photonic sensor systems --- Fiber Bragg Gratings --- Addressed Fiber Bragg Structures --- Multi-Addressed Fiber Bragg Structures --- long-gauge FBG --- damage detection --- highway bridges --- vehicle–bridge interaction --- comparative study --- fiber Bragg grating --- fiber optic sensor --- dynamic chirp --- DFB laser --- chiral structures --- orbital angular momentum --- apodization --- chirp --- coupled modes theory --- FBG --- PWM --- engine --- high temperature --- ECU --- FBG demodulator --- fiber sensing --- high-speed interrogation --- dynamic strain --- microwave photonic sensor system --- numerical simulation --- addressed fiber Bragg structures --- load-sensing bearings --- vehicle dynamics control --- Fibre Bragg Gratings --- neutron diffraction --- X-ray tomography --- tensile test --- fiber Bragg grating sensors --- spectrograph --- high angular dispersion --- curved detectors --- freeform optics

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Machining remains one of the most important manufacturing processes in the metalworking industry. Studies on this process have investigated the machinability of different materials, the behaviour of tools, chip formation, surface integrity, forces involved, and its economic and environmental sustainability. New materials are constantly being developed, and machining research needs to closely follow these developments. This book examines recent research in the machining field, covering several aspects and presenting very interesting developments in this area of knowledge.

Technology: general issues --- magnesium alloy --- UNS M11917 --- AZ91D --- hole repair --- surface roughness --- dry drilling --- re-drilling --- thin plates --- thin-wall --- machining --- aluminium --- cutting forces --- roughness --- dry --- carbide tool --- Haynes 282 --- finishing turning --- UNS A97075 --- dry turning --- surface integrity --- straightness --- parallelism --- roundness --- concentricity --- circular run-out --- total run-out --- cylindricity --- tool edge preparation --- segmented chip --- machining simulation --- burr --- optimization --- turning process --- turning tools --- solid tools --- cemented carbide --- coated tools --- coated cemented carbide --- Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) --- Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) --- multilayered coatings --- nanolayered coatings --- wear mechanism --- tool life --- minimum quantity Lubricant (MQL) --- cutting energy --- tool damage --- liquid nitrogen --- carbon dioxide snow --- vibrations --- part quality --- flexible vacuum fixture --- AA2024 floor milling --- chip segmentation --- damage modeling --- dynamic strain aging --- stainless steel --- Ca treatment --- machinability --- turning --- chip breakability --- weight distribution --- non-metallic inclusions --- AWJM (abrasive water jet machining) --- CFRTP (carbon fiber-reinforced thermoplastics) --- hybrid structure --- surface quality --- Ra --- Rz --- C/TPU (carbon/thermoplastic polyurethane) --- milling --- tool coating --- TiAlN --- TiAlN-based coatings --- multilayer --- nanolayer --- wear mechanisms --- n/a

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This book is a collection of papers that originated as a Special Issue, focused on some recent advances related to fiber Bragg grating-based sensors and systems. Conventionally, this book can be divided into three parts: intelligent systems, new types of sensors, and original interrogators. The intelligent systems presented include evaluation of strain transition properties between cast-in FBGs and cast aluminum during uniaxial straining, multi-point strain measurements on a containment vessel, damage detection methods based on long-gauge FBG for highway bridges, evaluation of a coupled sequential approach for rotorcraft landing simulation, wearable hand modules and real-time tracking algorithms for measuring finger joint angles of different hand sizes, and glaze icing detection of 110 kV composite insulators. New types of sensors are reflected in multi-addressed fiber Bragg structures for microwave–photonic sensor systems, its applications in load-sensing wheel hub bearings, and more complex influence in problems of generation of vortex optical beams based on chiral fiber-optic periodic structures. Original interrogators include research in optical designs with curved detectors for FBG interrogation monitors; demonstration of a filterless, multi-point, and temperature-independent FBG dynamical demodulator using pulse-width modulation; and dual wavelength differential detection of FBG sensors with a pulsed DFB laser.

Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) --- composite insulator with embedded FBGs --- glaze icing --- icing detection --- fiber Bragg grating strain sensor --- algorithm --- hand motion capture --- real-time tracking --- fiber Bragg gratings --- landing simulation --- rotorcraft --- coupled sequential method --- landing structural response --- finite element analysis (FEA) --- microwave-photonic sensor systems --- Fiber Bragg Gratings --- Addressed Fiber Bragg Structures --- Multi-Addressed Fiber Bragg Structures --- long-gauge FBG --- damage detection --- highway bridges --- vehicle–bridge interaction --- comparative study --- fiber Bragg grating --- fiber optic sensor --- dynamic chirp --- DFB laser --- chiral structures --- orbital angular momentum --- apodization --- chirp --- coupled modes theory --- FBG --- PWM --- engine --- high temperature --- ECU --- FBG demodulator --- fiber sensing --- high-speed interrogation --- dynamic strain --- microwave photonic sensor system --- numerical simulation --- addressed fiber Bragg structures --- load-sensing bearings --- vehicle dynamics control --- Fibre Bragg Gratings --- neutron diffraction --- X-ray tomography --- tensile test --- fiber Bragg grating sensors --- spectrograph --- high angular dispersion --- curved detectors --- freeform optics