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Biography. --- History - Early Islam and Orthodox Caliphate. --- Philology and Linguistics.

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Conflict has been an inescapable facet of religion from its very beginnings. This volume offers insight into the mechanisms at play in the centuries from the Jesus-movement's first attempts to define itself over and against Judaism to the beginnings of Islam. Profiling research by scholars of the Centre for Early Christian Studies at Australian Catholic University, the essays document inter- and intra-religious conflict from a variety of angles. Topics relevant to the early centuries range from religious conflict between different parts of the Christian canon, types of conflict, the origins of conflict, strategies for winning, for conflict resolution, and the emergence of a language of conflict. For the fourth to seventh centuries case studies from Asia Minor, Syria, Constantinople, Gaul, Arabia and Egypt are presented. The volume closes with examinations of the Christian and Jewish response to Islam, and of Islam's response to Christianity. Given the political and religious tensions in the world today, this volume is well positioned to find relevance and meaning in societies still grappling with the monotheistic religions of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.

Christianity and other religions. --- Christianity and politics --- Church history --- Conflict management --- Violence --- War --- History. --- Religious aspects --- Christianity. --- Christianity --- Early Christianity. --- Early Islam. --- Late Antiquity. --- New Testament Studies. --- Patristics.

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The origins of Islam have been the subject of increasing controversy in recent years. The traditional view, which presents Islam as a self-consciously distinct religion tied to the life and revelations of the prophet Muhammad in western Arabia, has since the 1970s been challenged by historians engaged in critical study of the Muslim sources.In Muhammad and the Believers, the eminent historian Fred Donner offers a lucid and original vision of how Islam first evolved. He argues that the origins of Islam lie in what we may call the “Believers’ movement” begun by the prophet Muhammad—a movement of religious reform emphasizing strict monotheism and righteous behavior in conformity with God’s revealed law. The Believers’ movement thus included righteous Christians and Jews in its early years, because like the Qur’anic Believers, Christians and Jews were monotheists and agreed to live righteously in obedience to their revealed law. The conviction that Muslims constituted a separate religious community, utterly distinct from Christians and Jews, emerged a century later, when the leaders of the Believers’ movement decided that only those who saw the Qur’an as the final revelation of the One God and Muhammad as the final prophet, qualified as Believers. This separated them decisively from monotheists who adhered to the Gospels or Torah.

Islam --- Origin --- History --- Muḥammad, --- Islamic Empire --- Muhammad, --- Mahomed, --- Maḥmūd, --- Mahomet, --- Mohammed, --- Magomet, --- Mu-han-mo-te, --- Nabi Muhammad, --- Mukhammed, --- Maometto, --- Mahometto, --- Mohammad, --- Mahoma, --- Muḥamad, --- מוחמד --- מוחמד, --- ، محمد --- النبي محمد --- محمد --- محمد الرسول --- محمد النبي --- محمد، نبي --- محمد، پيامبر --- محمد، --- محمدو --- محمد, --- محمد. --- ممحمد، --- #GGSB: Islam --- 297.167 --- 297.167 Islam: stichter: Mohammed --- Islam: stichter: Mohammed --- Muḥammad, --- History. --- Origin. --- محمد الرسول, --- محمد النبي, --- Islam - Origin --- Islam - History --- Muḥammad, - Prophet, - -632 --- Islamic Empire - History - 622-661 --- the origins of Islam --- ancient history --- early Islam --- the formation of Islamic confessional identity --- Muhammad

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What is the purpose of Jews in the world? The Bible singles out the Jews as God's 'chosen people,' but the significance of this special status has been understood in many different ways over the centuries. This book traces the history of the idea of Jewish purpose from its ancient and medieval foundations to the modern era, showing how it has been central to Western thinking on the meanings of peoplehood for everybody. The book delves into the links between Jewish and Christian messianism and the association of Jews with universalist and transformative ideals in modern philosophy, politics, literature, and social thought.

Jews --- Jews --- Election, Doctrine of. --- Historiography. --- A People Apart. --- Abraham Kook. --- Ahad Ha’am. --- Arnold Eisen. --- Avi Becker. --- Baruch Spinoza. --- Carl Schmitt. --- Daniel Deronda. --- Daniel Frank. --- David Novak. --- Elijah Benamozegh. --- George Eliot. --- Grace Aguilar. --- Hannah Arendt. --- Hebraic political theology. --- Hebraism. --- Horace Kallen. --- Israel. --- Jewish Studies. --- Jewish capitalism. --- Jewish ethics. --- Jewish history. --- Jewish nationalism. --- Jewish political purpose. --- Jewish religious thought. --- Jewish suffering. --- Jewish teaching. --- Jewish transformation. --- Jewish-Christian relations. --- Jews in early Islam. --- Judaism. --- Liel Leibovitz. --- Mark Lilla. --- Mordecai Kaplan. --- Moses Mendelssohn. --- Old Testament. --- Pierre Bayle. --- S. Leyla Gurkan. --- Sabbatai Zevi. --- Samson Hirsch. --- Samuel Hirsch. --- The Chosen Peoples. --- The Election of Israel. --- The Jews as a Chosen People. --- The Stillborn God. --- Todd Gitlin. --- Voltaire. --- Walter Benjamin. --- Walter Scott. --- Zionism. --- anti-Semitism. --- medieval Christianity. --- religious studies. --- the Enlightenment. --- the Holocaust. --- theology.

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"The Gnostic World is an outstanding guide to Gnosticism, designed as a collection of critical studies by experts to both widen and deepen study in Gnostic movements and strands of speculation as a discrete "World" of human socio-spiritual life from the distant past until today. An international team of contributors examines these manifestations in a variety of contexts, from the ancient pre-Christian to the contemporary. The volume considers the intersection of Gnosticism with Jewish, Christian, Islamic and Indic practices and beliefs, and also with such new religious movements as Theosophy, Scientology, Western Sufism, and the Nation of Islam. This illustrated handbook will be an invaluable resource for students, scholars, and researchers of Gnostic doctrine and history"--

Gnosticism --- Cults --- Religions --- 273.1 --- 273.1 Gnosis. Gnosticisme --- Gnosis. Gnosticisme --- Comparative religion --- Denominations, Religious --- Religion, Comparative --- Religions, Comparative --- Religious denominations --- World religions --- Civilization --- Gods --- Religion --- Alternative religious movements --- Cult --- Cultus --- Marginal religious movements --- New religions --- New religious movements --- NRMs (Religion) --- Religious movements, Alternative --- Religious movements, Marginal --- Religious movements, New --- Sects --- Gnosticism. --- Cults. --- Religions. --- gnostics --- gnosis --- the gnostic world --- gnostics and temporality --- ancient pre-Christian gnosticisms --- Judaism --- gnostic motifs in the New Testament --- ancient gnosticism --- gender issues --- early Christian heresiology --- gnostic literature --- the 'classical gnostic' school of thought --- Sethian gnostic speculation --- Basilides --- Valentinus --- the Gospel of Thomas --- the Gospel of Judas --- the Tchacos Codex --- the Mandaeans --- Hermetism --- Plotinus --- ancient magical papyri --- Mani --- the Manichaean path to salvation --- Chinese Manichaean texts --- Zurvanism --- Mazdak --- Christian gnosis --- Clement the Alexandrian --- John Damascene --- gnostic vicissitudes in Late Antiquity --- Jnana --- early Hinduism and Buddhism --- Chinese Tiantai Buddhism --- early Islam --- early Shi'i cosmologies --- classic Sufism --- Ismailism --- Druze gnosis and the mystery of tiime --- Yezidism --- Kabbalah --- Bogomils and Cathars --- alchemy --- Europe and the West --- esoteric movements of the modern West --- Byzantine and modern Orthodox gnosis --- Pansophia --- Chritian Kabbalism --- the quest for universal knowledge in the early modrn West --- Freemasonry --- British Romanticism --- William Blake --- the French Occult Revival --- esoteric eschatology --- Blavatsky --- Krishnamurti's teaching --- Guido von List --- Nazism --- Rudolf Steiner --- Gurdjieff --- Western Sufism and gnosis --- Carl Jung --- the Nation of Islam --- the Christianity of the East --- Babism --- Babi talismans --- Ayatollah Khomeini's gnoseology --- syncretistic Sufi gnosticism in South and South East Asia --- Aurobindo --- tribal and 'primal' cultures --- the neo-gnostic synthesis of Samael Aun Weor --- Scientology --- L. Ron Hubbard --- gnostic and esoteric filaments in popular culture --- feminist gnosis --- modern psychdelic gnosis --- gnostic fition --- cinema --- Hollywood films --- music and gnosis --- aesthetics and visual art --- Druze gnosis and the mystery of time --- Christian Kabbalism --- the quest for universal knowledge in the early modern West --- modern psychedelic gnosis --- gnostic fiction