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Deep learning has been revolutionizing many fields in computer vision, and facial informatics is one of the major fields. Novel approaches and performance breakthroughs are often reported on existing benchmarks. As the performances on existing benchmarks are close to saturation, larger and more challenging databases are being made and considered as new benchmarks, further pushing the advancement of the technologies. Considering face recognition, for example, the VGG-Face2 and Dual-Agent GAN report nearly perfect and better-than-human performances on the IARPA Janus Benchmark A (IJB-A) benchmark. More challenging benchmarks, e.g., the IARPA Janus Benchmark A (IJB-C), QMUL-SurvFace and MegaFace, are accepted as new standards for evaluating the performance of a new approach. Such an evolution is also seen in other branches of face informatics. In this Special Issue, we have selected the papers that report the latest progresses made in the following topics: 1. Face liveness detection 2. Emotion classification 3. Facial age estimation 4. Facial landmark detection We are hoping that this Special Issue will be beneficial to all fields of facial informatics.

History of engineering & technology --- deep learning --- RGB --- depth --- facial landmarking --- merging networks --- 3D geometry data --- 2D attribute maps --- fused CNN feature --- coarse-to-fine --- convolutional neural network (CNN) --- deep metric learning --- multi-task learning --- image classification --- age estimation --- generative adversarial network --- emotion classification --- facial key point detection --- facial images processing --- convolutional neural networks --- face liveness detection --- convolutional neural network --- thermal image --- external knowledge

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Sentiment analysis is a branch of natural language processing concerned with the study of the intensity of the emotions expressed in a piece of text. The automated analysis of the multitude of messages delivered through social media is one of the hottest research fields, both in academy and in industry, due to its extremely high potential applicability in many different domains. This Special Issue describes both technological contributions to the field, mostly based on deep learning techniques, and specific applications in areas like health insurance, gender classification, recommender systems, and cyber aggression detection.

opinion mining --- affect computing --- health insurance --- Twitter --- hybrid vectorization --- violence against women --- word association --- collaborative schemes of sentiment analysis and sentiment systems --- random forest --- cyber-aggression --- deep learning --- online review --- emotion analysis --- lexicon construction --- provider networks --- text mining --- sentiment lexicon --- social media --- sentiment-aware word embedding --- psychographic segmentation --- medical web forum --- gender classification --- racism --- sentiment analysis --- sentiment classification --- sentiment word analysis --- social networks --- convolutional neural network --- review data mining --- machine learning --- emotion classification --- big data-driven marketing --- text feature representation --- recommender system --- user preference prediction --- violence based on sexual orientation --- semantic networks

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The convergence of big data and geospatial computing has brought forth challenges and opportunities to Geographic Information Science with regard to geospatial data management, processing, analysis, modeling, and visualization. This book highlights recent advancements in integrating new computing approaches, spatial methods, and data management strategies to tackle geospatial big data challenges and meanwhile demonstrates opportunities for using big data for geospatial applications. Crucial to the advancements highlighted in this book is the integration of computational thinking and spatial thinking and the transformation of abstract ideas and models to concrete data structures and algorithms.

Research & information: general --- Geography --- task --- workflow --- geospatial problem-solving --- knowledge base --- social media --- big data --- fine-grained emotion classification --- spatio-temporal analysis --- hazard mitigation --- missing road --- city blocks --- topology --- big mobile navigation trajectory data --- geographic knowledge representation --- geographic knowledge graph --- formalization --- GeoKG --- overlay analysis --- shape complexity --- massive data --- cloud --- parallel computing --- geovisual analytics --- machine learning --- smart card data --- transit corridor --- mobility community --- trip --- CA Markov --- land-use change prediction --- Hadoop --- MapReduce --- cloud computing --- ETL --- ELT --- sensor data --- IoT --- geospatial big data --- climate science --- metadata --- web cataloging service --- big geospatial data --- geospatial cyberinfrastructure --- topographic surface --- terrain modeling --- global terrain dataset --- geospatial computing --- cyberGIS --- GeoAI --- spatial thinking

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This book includes impactful chapters which present scientific concepts, frameworks, architectures and ideas on sensing technologies and machine learning techniques. These are relevant in tackling the following challenges: (i) the field readiness and use of intrusive sensor systems and devices for capturing biosignals, including EEG sensor systems, ECG sensor systems and electrodermal activity sensor systems; (ii) the quality assessment and management of sensor data; (iii) data preprocessing, noise filtering and calibration concepts for biosignals; (iv) the field readiness and use of nonintrusive sensor technologies, including visual sensors, acoustic sensors, vibration sensors and piezoelectric sensors; (v) emotion recognition using mobile phones and smartwatches; (vi) body area sensor networks for emotion and stress studies; (vii) the use of experimental datasets in emotion recognition, including dataset generation principles and concepts, quality insurance and emotion elicitation material and concepts; (viii) machine learning techniques for robust emotion recognition, including graphical models, neural network methods, deep learning methods, statistical learning and multivariate empirical mode decomposition; (ix) subject-independent emotion and stress recognition concepts and systems, including facial expression-based systems, speech-based systems, EEG-based systems, ECG-based systems, electrodermal activity-based systems, multimodal recognition systems and sensor fusion concepts and (x) emotion and stress estimation and forecasting from a nonlinear dynamical system perspective.

Technology: general issues --- subject-dependent emotion recognition --- subject-independent emotion recognition --- electrodermal activity (EDA) --- deep learning --- convolutional neural networks --- automatic facial emotion recognition --- intensity of emotion recognition --- behavioral biometrical systems --- machine learning --- artificial intelligence --- driving stress --- electrodermal activity --- road traffic --- road types --- Viola-Jones --- facial emotion recognition --- facial expression recognition --- facial detection --- facial landmarks --- infrared thermal imaging --- homography matrix --- socially assistive robot --- EEG --- arousal detection --- valence detection --- data transformation --- normalization --- mental stress detection --- electrocardiogram --- respiration --- in-ear EEG --- emotion classification --- emotion monitoring --- elderly caring --- outpatient caring --- stress detection --- deep neural network --- convolutional neural network --- wearable sensors --- psychophysiology --- sensor data analysis --- time series analysis --- signal analysis --- similarity measures --- correlation statistics --- quantitative analysis --- benchmarking --- boredom --- emotion --- GSR --- classification --- sensor --- face landmark detection --- fully convolutional DenseNets --- skip-connections --- dilated convolutions --- emotion recognition --- physiological sensing --- multimodal sensing --- flight simulation --- activity recognition --- physiological signals --- thoracic electrical bioimpedance --- smart band --- stress recognition --- physiological signal processing --- long short-term memory recurrent neural networks --- information fusion --- pain recognition --- long-term stress --- electroencephalography --- perceived stress scale --- expert evaluation --- affective corpus --- multimodal sensors --- overload --- underload --- interest --- frustration --- cognitive load --- stress research --- affective computing --- human-computer interaction --- deep convolutional neural network --- transfer learning --- auxiliary loss --- weighted loss --- class center --- stress sensing --- smart insoles --- smart shoes --- unobtrusive sensing --- stress --- center of pressure --- regression --- signal processing --- arousal --- aging adults --- musical genres --- emotion elicitation --- dataset --- emotion representation --- feature selection --- feature extraction --- computer science --- virtual reality --- head-mounted display --- n/a

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This book includes impactful chapters which present scientific concepts, frameworks, architectures and ideas on sensing technologies and machine learning techniques. These are relevant in tackling the following challenges: (i) the field readiness and use of intrusive sensor systems and devices for capturing biosignals, including EEG sensor systems, ECG sensor systems and electrodermal activity sensor systems; (ii) the quality assessment and management of sensor data; (iii) data preprocessing, noise filtering and calibration concepts for biosignals; (iv) the field readiness and use of nonintrusive sensor technologies, including visual sensors, acoustic sensors, vibration sensors and piezoelectric sensors; (v) emotion recognition using mobile phones and smartwatches; (vi) body area sensor networks for emotion and stress studies; (vii) the use of experimental datasets in emotion recognition, including dataset generation principles and concepts, quality insurance and emotion elicitation material and concepts; (viii) machine learning techniques for robust emotion recognition, including graphical models, neural network methods, deep learning methods, statistical learning and multivariate empirical mode decomposition; (ix) subject-independent emotion and stress recognition concepts and systems, including facial expression-based systems, speech-based systems, EEG-based systems, ECG-based systems, electrodermal activity-based systems, multimodal recognition systems and sensor fusion concepts and (x) emotion and stress estimation and forecasting from a nonlinear dynamical system perspective.

subject-dependent emotion recognition --- subject-independent emotion recognition --- electrodermal activity (EDA) --- deep learning --- convolutional neural networks --- automatic facial emotion recognition --- intensity of emotion recognition --- behavioral biometrical systems --- machine learning --- artificial intelligence --- driving stress --- electrodermal activity --- road traffic --- road types --- Viola-Jones --- facial emotion recognition --- facial expression recognition --- facial detection --- facial landmarks --- infrared thermal imaging --- homography matrix --- socially assistive robot --- EEG --- arousal detection --- valence detection --- data transformation --- normalization --- mental stress detection --- electrocardiogram --- respiration --- in-ear EEG --- emotion classification --- emotion monitoring --- elderly caring --- outpatient caring --- stress detection --- deep neural network --- convolutional neural network --- wearable sensors --- psychophysiology --- sensor data analysis --- time series analysis --- signal analysis --- similarity measures --- correlation statistics --- quantitative analysis --- benchmarking --- boredom --- emotion --- GSR --- classification --- sensor --- face landmark detection --- fully convolutional DenseNets --- skip-connections --- dilated convolutions --- emotion recognition --- physiological sensing --- multimodal sensing --- flight simulation --- activity recognition --- physiological signals --- thoracic electrical bioimpedance --- smart band --- stress recognition --- physiological signal processing --- long short-term memory recurrent neural networks --- information fusion --- pain recognition --- long-term stress --- electroencephalography --- perceived stress scale --- expert evaluation --- affective corpus --- multimodal sensors --- overload --- underload --- interest --- frustration --- cognitive load --- stress research --- affective computing --- human-computer interaction --- deep convolutional neural network --- transfer learning --- auxiliary loss --- weighted loss --- class center --- stress sensing --- smart insoles --- smart shoes --- unobtrusive sensing --- stress --- center of pressure --- regression --- signal processing --- arousal --- aging adults --- musical genres --- emotion elicitation --- dataset --- emotion representation --- feature selection --- feature extraction --- computer science --- virtual reality --- head-mounted display --- n/a