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Since its inception in 1968, software engineering has undergone numerous changes. In the early years, software development was organized using the waterfall model, where the focus of requirements engineering was on a frozen requirements document, which formed the basis of the subsequent design and implementation process. Since then, a lot has changed: software has to be developed faster, in larger and distributed teams, for pervasive as well as large-scale applications, with more flexibility, and with ongoing maintenance and quick release cycles. What do these ongoing developments and changes imply for the future of requirements engineering and software design? Now is the time to rethink the role of requirements and design for software intensive systems in transportation, life sciences, banking, e-government and other areas. Past assumptions need to be questioned, research and education need to be rethought. This book is based on the Design Requirements Workshop, held June 3-6, 2007, in Cleveland, OH, USA, where leading researchers met to assess the current state of affairs and define new directions. The papers included were carefully reviewed and selected to give an overview of the current state of the art as well as an outlook on probable future challenges and priorities. After a general introduction to the workshop and the related NSF-funded project, the contributions are organized in topical sections on fundamental concepts of design; evolution and the fluidity of design; quality and value-based requirements; requirements intertwining; and adapting requirements practices in different domains.

Requirements engineering -- Congresses. --- Requirements engineering. --- Software engineering -- Specifications -- Congresses. --- Software engineering -- Specifications. --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Computer Science --- Information Technology --- Software Engineering --- Specifications. --- Requirements analysis --- Requirements capture --- Requirements gathering --- Requirements specification --- Computer science. --- Software engineering. --- Management information systems. --- Computer engineering. --- Computer Science. --- Software Engineering/Programming and Operating Systems. --- Computer Engineering. --- Software Engineering. --- Management of Computing and Information Systems. --- Information Systems Applications (incl. Internet). --- Grading --- Requirements engineering --- Standardization --- Testing --- Engineering --- Specifications --- Information Systems. --- Computer software engineering --- Application software. --- Application computer programs --- Application computer software --- Applications software --- Apps (Computer software) --- Computer software --- Informatics --- Science --- Computer-based information systems --- EIS (Information systems) --- Executive information systems --- MIS (Information systems) --- Sociotechnical systems --- Information resources management --- Management --- Computers --- Communication systems --- Design and construction --- Software engineering --- Computer networks. --- Electronic data processing --- Computer Engineering and Networks. --- IT Operations. --- Computer and Information Systems Applications. --- Management. --- Communication systems, Computer --- Computer communication systems --- Data networks, Computer --- ECNs (Electronic communication networks) --- Electronic communication networks --- Networks, Computer --- Teleprocessing networks --- Data transmission systems --- Digital communications --- Electronic systems --- Information networks --- Telecommunication --- Cyberinfrastructure --- Network computers --- Distributed processing

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Studies on the corrosion and degradation of materials play a decisive role in the novel design and development of corrosion-resistant materials, the selection of materials used in harsh environments in designed lifespans, the invention of corrosion control methods and procedures (e.g., coatings, inhibitors), and the safety assessment and prediction of materials (i.e., modelling). These studies cover a wide range of research fields, including the calculation of thermodynamics, the characterization of microstructures, the investigation of mechanical and corrosion properties, the creation of corrosion coatings or inhibitors, and the establishment of corrosion modelling. This Special Issue is devoted to these types of studies, which facilitate the understanding of the corrosion fundamentals of materials in service, the development of corrosion coatings or methods, improving their durability, and eventually decreasing corrosion loss.

Technology: general issues --- Chemical engineering --- AC-HVAF --- FeB --- HEAs --- coating --- corrosion --- liquid zinc --- cuprous oxide nanochains --- thermal decomposition --- nanofluids --- photo-thermal conversion performance --- molecular dynamics --- binding energy --- crystallization prevention --- flocking for resisting blockage --- drainage pipe --- mechanochemical activation --- coal-gasification slag --- particle characteristics --- cementitious material --- reactivity --- traffic engineering --- damage identification --- deflection influence line --- continuous beam bridge --- multi-span bridges --- structural damage --- anti-blocking of flocking drainage pipe --- drainage pipe blockage by crystals --- mechanism --- mathematical modeling --- tunnel --- soft rock --- strain hardening/softening --- bearing capacity of footing --- numerical solution --- effect of intermediate principal stress --- CoCrFeNiSiMoW --- medium-entropy alloy coatings --- microstructure --- wear --- salt freezing --- erosion --- freeze thaw cycle --- concrete --- durability --- numerical simulation --- high-nitrogen austenitic stainless steel --- friction coefficient --- high temperature --- loess calcareous nodules --- heavy-metal ions --- single adsorption --- adsorption rate --- grey quality gain-loss --- engineering specifications --- process capability --- crystallization and clogging in pipe --- flow velocity --- pipe diameter --- pipe material --- friction stir welding --- aluminum and steel dissimilar metals butt --- high rotational speed --- ultra-high rotational speed --- intermetallic compound --- magnesium alloy --- composite coating --- structural characterization --- mechanical properties --- bioactivity --- antibacterial activity --- biocompatibility --- Feixianguan Formation --- underdetermined system --- curve reconstruction --- circulating neural network --- old well review --- weathered sand --- freeze–thaw cycles --- damage law --- microscopic characteristics --- deterioration mechanism --- flange shaft --- fatigue failure --- fracture mechanics --- stress intensity factor --- crack propagation --- bridge structure --- mode --- frequency --- displacement curve --- Z3CN20.09M --- corrosion fatigue --- fatigue life --- high temperature water --- SnO2-Sb2Ox --- sol-enhanced electrodeposition --- organic degradation --- micro-arc oxidation (MAO) --- SiO2 nanoparticles --- corrosion resistance --- wear property --- magnesium–lithium alloy --- localized corrosion --- corrosion product film --- annular channel angular extrusion --- predeformation --- 2A12 aluminum alloy --- heat treatment --- uniform mechanical properties --- Q345 steel --- hot-dipping aluminum-silicon --- annealing --- FeAl phase --- Al2O3 --- dissimilar metal cladding --- pressure vessel pipe–nozzle --- micro-hardness --- sweet cherry --- edible coating --- quality --- antioxidant enzymatic activities --- stainless steel --- titanium --- crevice corrosion --- multiphysics --- ring narrow groove --- mask electrochemical machining --- numerical simulation of the multiple physical fields --- diffusion barrier --- Cu interconnect --- self-formed --- Cu(Re) alloy --- subgrade engineering --- coarse-grained soil --- step cyclic loading --- dynamic triaxial test --- hysteresis curve --- n/a --- freeze-thaw cycles --- magnesium-lithium alloy --- pressure vessel pipe-nozzle

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Studies on the corrosion and degradation of materials play a decisive role in the novel design and development of corrosion-resistant materials, the selection of materials used in harsh environments in designed lifespans, the invention of corrosion control methods and procedures (e.g., coatings, inhibitors), and the safety assessment and prediction of materials (i.e., modelling). These studies cover a wide range of research fields, including the calculation of thermodynamics, the characterization of microstructures, the investigation of mechanical and corrosion properties, the creation of corrosion coatings or inhibitors, and the establishment of corrosion modelling. This Special Issue is devoted to these types of studies, which facilitate the understanding of the corrosion fundamentals of materials in service, the development of corrosion coatings or methods, improving their durability, and eventually decreasing corrosion loss.

AC-HVAF --- FeB --- HEAs --- coating --- corrosion --- liquid zinc --- cuprous oxide nanochains --- thermal decomposition --- nanofluids --- photo-thermal conversion performance --- molecular dynamics --- binding energy --- crystallization prevention --- flocking for resisting blockage --- drainage pipe --- mechanochemical activation --- coal-gasification slag --- particle characteristics --- cementitious material --- reactivity --- traffic engineering --- damage identification --- deflection influence line --- continuous beam bridge --- multi-span bridges --- structural damage --- anti-blocking of flocking drainage pipe --- drainage pipe blockage by crystals --- mechanism --- mathematical modeling --- tunnel --- soft rock --- strain hardening/softening --- bearing capacity of footing --- numerical solution --- effect of intermediate principal stress --- CoCrFeNiSiMoW --- medium-entropy alloy coatings --- microstructure --- wear --- salt freezing --- erosion --- freeze thaw cycle --- concrete --- durability --- numerical simulation --- high-nitrogen austenitic stainless steel --- friction coefficient --- high temperature --- loess calcareous nodules --- heavy-metal ions --- single adsorption --- adsorption rate --- grey quality gain-loss --- engineering specifications --- process capability --- crystallization and clogging in pipe --- flow velocity --- pipe diameter --- pipe material --- friction stir welding --- aluminum and steel dissimilar metals butt --- high rotational speed --- ultra-high rotational speed --- intermetallic compound --- magnesium alloy --- composite coating --- structural characterization --- mechanical properties --- bioactivity --- antibacterial activity --- biocompatibility --- Feixianguan Formation --- underdetermined system --- curve reconstruction --- circulating neural network --- old well review --- weathered sand --- freeze–thaw cycles --- damage law --- microscopic characteristics --- deterioration mechanism --- flange shaft --- fatigue failure --- fracture mechanics --- stress intensity factor --- crack propagation --- bridge structure --- mode --- frequency --- displacement curve --- Z3CN20.09M --- corrosion fatigue --- fatigue life --- high temperature water --- SnO2-Sb2Ox --- sol-enhanced electrodeposition --- organic degradation --- micro-arc oxidation (MAO) --- SiO2 nanoparticles --- corrosion resistance --- wear property --- magnesium–lithium alloy --- localized corrosion --- corrosion product film --- annular channel angular extrusion --- predeformation --- 2A12 aluminum alloy --- heat treatment --- uniform mechanical properties --- Q345 steel --- hot-dipping aluminum-silicon --- annealing --- FeAl phase --- Al2O3 --- dissimilar metal cladding --- pressure vessel pipe–nozzle --- micro-hardness --- sweet cherry --- edible coating --- quality --- antioxidant enzymatic activities --- stainless steel --- titanium --- crevice corrosion --- multiphysics --- ring narrow groove --- mask electrochemical machining --- numerical simulation of the multiple physical fields --- diffusion barrier --- Cu interconnect --- self-formed --- Cu(Re) alloy --- subgrade engineering --- coarse-grained soil --- step cyclic loading --- dynamic triaxial test --- hysteresis curve --- n/a --- freeze-thaw cycles --- magnesium-lithium alloy --- pressure vessel pipe-nozzle