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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

enhancement --- genetics --- therapeutics --- CRISPR --- editorial

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Radiographic image enhancement. --- Radiography, medical --- Digital techniques.

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The development of information technology enabled us to exchange more items of information among us no matter how far we are apart from each other. It also changed our way of communication. Various types of robots recently promoted to be sold to general public hint that these robots may further influence our daily life as they physically interact with us and handle objects in environment. We may even recognize a feel of presence similar to that of human beings when we talk to a robot or when a robot takes part in our conversation. The impact will be strong enough for us to think about the meaning of communication. This e-book consists of various studies that examine our communication influenced by robots. Topics include our attitudes toward robot behaviors, designing robots for better communicating with people, and how people can be affected by communicating through robots.

robot --- human nature --- teleoperation --- enhancement --- embodiment --- Communication

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Sollen Menschen ihre "normalen" Eigenschaften verbessern und so die menschliche Natur neu gestalten? Die Forschung sucht etwa nach Präparaten, die das Gedächtnis verbessern, das Leben verlängern und Gefühle verändern können. Tierversuche sind bereits erfolgreich. Führt die Befreiung von allen Grenzen von Körper und Geist in eine Katastrophe oder erwarten uns neue Chancen?Das Buch soll die Perfektionierung des Menschen leicht verständlich und philosophisch anspruchsvoll hinterfragen. Dabei werden soziale Folgen von "Enhancement" ebenso thematisiert wie die Gefahren für das Individuum. Droht uns eine Zwei-Klassen-Gesellschaft ungeahnten Ausmaßes oder kann Enhancement gerade dazu dienen, Ungleichheiten der natürlichen Lotterie auszugleichen? Können autonome Individuen durch die Wahl von Verbesserungen ihre Interessen realisieren oder muss man sie paternalistisch schützen? Neben diesen Fragen widmet sich das Buch der Untersuchung der menschlichen Natur: Worin besteht sie und kann sie Grenzen für die Technik diktieren? Abschließend werden die im Buch behandelten Aspekte in der Frage fokussiert, ob es wünschenswert ist, die maximale Lebensspanne des Menschen zu vergrößern.

Perfection. --- Human beings --- Philosophy. --- Bio-Ethics. --- enhancement.

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Neuroenhancement (NE) is a behavior conceptualized as the use of a potentially psychoactive substance to enhance ones’ already proficient cognitive capacities. Depending on the specific definitions used, prevalence estimates vary greatly between very low 0.3% (for illicit substances) to astonishingly high 89% (for freely available lifestyle substances). These variations indicate that further research and more conceptual and theoretical clarification of the NE construct is dearly needed. The contributions of this research topic aim to do just that. Specific questions addressed are: How prevalent is NE behavior? How can NE research profit from the already more evolved field of social science research on doping in sports? How is NE perceived by the public? What psychological processes and variables play a role in the decision to neuroenhance? A wide array of methodological approaches is used to investigate these questions. The topics contributions range from theoretical to experimental accounts on NE, and they utilize a diverse set of methods ranging from qualitative to neuroscientific approaches. The research presented here represents a first step towards what we have labeled a psychological approach to NE. By addressing the questions above this research topic hopefully advances our understanding of NE behavior. As with every new field of research, new answers always prompt new questions. In light of what we know now about NE, we hope that the findings presented here will be pursued by other researchers in the future. Clearly, the endeavor to understand NE behavior has only just begun.

Brain chemistry. --- Central nervous system stimulants. --- neuroenhancement --- performance enhancement --- Doping --- Behavior --- cognitive enhancement