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Blue biotechnology plays a major role in converting marine biomass into societal value, being a key pillar for many marine economy developmental frameworks and sustainability strategies, such as the Blue Growth Strategy, diverse Sea Basin Strategies (e.g., Atlantic Action Plan Priority 1 and 2 and COM (2017) 183), the Marine Strategy Framework Directive, the Limassol Declaration, or even the UN Sustainable Development 2030 Agenda. However, despite the recognized biotechnological potential of marine biomass, the work is dispersed between multiple areas of applied biotechnology, resulting in few concrete examples of product development.This book highlight the vast potential that marine resources hold, from viruses to seaweeds, and a myriad of applications from antimicrobials and cosmetics to feed and food that contributes to a market-driven and industrially orientated research, which will increase the efficiency of the marine biodiscovery pipeline and ultimately deliver realistic and measurable benefits to society, which is paramount for sustained blue growth and a successful market penetration of targeted biomolecules or enriched extracts for new product development, which are cornerstone issues for the present and the future of a marine biobased economy.

Technology: general issues --- microalgae --- fucoxanthin --- fatty acids --- antioxidant --- supercritical CO2 extraction --- co-solvent. --- Box–Behnken design --- extraction conditions --- bioactive compounds --- invasive seaweed --- cosmetics --- commercial microalgae cultivation --- dietary supplements --- lutein production --- marine microalgae --- Calliblepharis jubata --- aquaculture --- carbohydrates --- carrageenan --- Vibrio mediterranei --- giant phage --- complete genome --- skincare --- antioxidant activity --- antimicrobial activity --- cytotoxicity --- anti-enzymatic activity --- anti-inflammatory activity --- Phaedactylum tricornutum --- photochemistry --- single wavelength LEDs --- Rhodotorula sp. --- docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) --- carotenoids --- canthaxanthin --- raw glycerol --- n/a --- Box-Behnken design

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Blue biotechnology plays a major role in converting marine biomass into societal value, being a key pillar for many marine economy developmental frameworks and sustainability strategies, such as the Blue Growth Strategy, diverse Sea Basin Strategies (e.g., Atlantic Action Plan Priority 1 and 2 and COM (2017) 183), the Marine Strategy Framework Directive, the Limassol Declaration, or even the UN Sustainable Development 2030 Agenda. However, despite the recognized biotechnological potential of marine biomass, the work is dispersed between multiple areas of applied biotechnology, resulting in few concrete examples of product development.This book highlight the vast potential that marine resources hold, from viruses to seaweeds, and a myriad of applications from antimicrobials and cosmetics to feed and food that contributes to a market-driven and industrially orientated research, which will increase the efficiency of the marine biodiscovery pipeline and ultimately deliver realistic and measurable benefits to society, which is paramount for sustained blue growth and a successful market penetration of targeted biomolecules or enriched extracts for new product development, which are cornerstone issues for the present and the future of a marine biobased economy.

Technology: general issues --- microalgae --- fucoxanthin --- fatty acids --- antioxidant --- supercritical CO2 extraction --- co-solvent. --- Box–Behnken design --- extraction conditions --- bioactive compounds --- invasive seaweed --- cosmetics --- commercial microalgae cultivation --- dietary supplements --- lutein production --- marine microalgae --- Calliblepharis jubata --- aquaculture --- carbohydrates --- carrageenan --- Vibrio mediterranei --- giant phage --- complete genome --- skincare --- antioxidant activity --- antimicrobial activity --- cytotoxicity --- anti-enzymatic activity --- anti-inflammatory activity --- Phaedactylum tricornutum --- photochemistry --- single wavelength LEDs --- Rhodotorula sp. --- docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) --- carotenoids --- canthaxanthin --- raw glycerol --- n/a --- Box-Behnken design

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Blue biotechnology plays a major role in converting marine biomass into societal value, being a key pillar for many marine economy developmental frameworks and sustainability strategies, such as the Blue Growth Strategy, diverse Sea Basin Strategies (e.g., Atlantic Action Plan Priority 1 and 2 and COM (2017) 183), the Marine Strategy Framework Directive, the Limassol Declaration, or even the UN Sustainable Development 2030 Agenda. However, despite the recognized biotechnological potential of marine biomass, the work is dispersed between multiple areas of applied biotechnology, resulting in few concrete examples of product development.This book highlight the vast potential that marine resources hold, from viruses to seaweeds, and a myriad of applications from antimicrobials and cosmetics to feed and food that contributes to a market-driven and industrially orientated research, which will increase the efficiency of the marine biodiscovery pipeline and ultimately deliver realistic and measurable benefits to society, which is paramount for sustained blue growth and a successful market penetration of targeted biomolecules or enriched extracts for new product development, which are cornerstone issues for the present and the future of a marine biobased economy.

microalgae --- fucoxanthin --- fatty acids --- antioxidant --- supercritical CO2 extraction --- co-solvent. --- Box–Behnken design --- extraction conditions --- bioactive compounds --- invasive seaweed --- cosmetics --- commercial microalgae cultivation --- dietary supplements --- lutein production --- marine microalgae --- Calliblepharis jubata --- aquaculture --- carbohydrates --- carrageenan --- Vibrio mediterranei --- giant phage --- complete genome --- skincare --- antioxidant activity --- antimicrobial activity --- cytotoxicity --- anti-enzymatic activity --- anti-inflammatory activity --- Phaedactylum tricornutum --- photochemistry --- single wavelength LEDs --- Rhodotorula sp. --- docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) --- carotenoids --- canthaxanthin --- raw glycerol --- n/a --- Box-Behnken design

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Most of the available studies on marine fungi are based on the isolation and identification of fungi from different surfaces (e.g., submerged wood, sediments, macrophytes), mostly in coastal benthic environments. However, recent evidence suggests that fungi are also present in the oceanic water column, most likely mainly associated to particles, with the genomic potential to significantly contribute to marine biogeochemical cycles. Still, we lack even basic information on the ecology of the oceanic mycobiome, precluding us from determining the ecological role of this enigmatic kingdom in our oceans. The aim of this book and Special Issue was to focus on the ecology of marine fungi. Topics include, fungal abundance, distribution, activity, and phylogenetic and/or functional diversity in coastal to open ocean environments, including seawater column and sediments, derived both from laboratory and field studies.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Ecological science, the Biosphere --- marine fungi --- oxygen minimum zone --- nitrous oxide --- diversity --- 15N tracer --- size-fractioned --- eastern tropical North Pacific --- metagenome --- emergency disposal of raw of sewage --- seaside air --- bioaerosol --- mold --- yeast-like fungi --- mycology --- fungal diversity --- Antarctica --- bioprospecting --- psychrophiles --- cold-adapted enzymes --- industrial applications --- blue biotechnologies --- mycobiome --- marine sponge --- Agelas --- mesophotic --- halophytes --- marine mycology --- salt marsh fungi --- worldwide distribution --- chloroform-methanol extraction --- HPLC-UV --- LC-MS/MS --- ergosterol --- pelagic fungal biomass --- fluorescence in situ hybridisation --- mycoplankton --- fungal cultures --- pelagic --- fluorescence --- novel lineages --- phylogeny --- genetic markers --- antimicrobial --- anti-cancer --- comparative genomics --- metabolites --- whole genome sequencing --- deep-sea sediments --- trophic conditions --- Ross Sea --- total extracellular enzymatic activity --- kinetics --- maximum velocity --- half-saturation constant

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This book compiles the Special Issue of Applied Sciences, entitled “Application of Biology to Cultural Heritage”, and aims to cover all the latest outstanding progress on the biological and biochemical methods developed and applied to cultural heritage.Eleven excellent papers (including both reviews and full research articles) form part of this book and each paper went through a hard and demanding review in order to ensure maximum quality. We do thank all the reviewers for their efforts which are so crucial for the improvement of the now-published papers. In the field of cultural heritage, biodiversity and biodeterioration have received a great deal of research attention in recent years. This book intends to provide a comprehensive examination of the science of biology in various fields and areas, as well as its practical application for the preservation of cultural heritage. Full research articles and reviews on all aspects of biological causes, modes of action, biocidal treatments, and the protection of cultural heritage are here presented, as well as long-term studies on the biodeterioration of cultural heritage sites and monuments.Analyses and tests of macro- and micro-organisms affecting the preservation of cultural heritage are also addressed.The knowledge that has arisen from the papers published on the studies on new techniques and new products applied to the field of cultural heritage may now be translated into new conservation and restoration treatments in similar objects, sites and supports. This was the main goal and it was achieved in a mission that we carried out with great pleasure and dedication.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Biochemistry --- cultural heritage --- biodeterioration --- biodiversity of microorganisms --- stone surfaces --- historical sandstone --- next-generation sequencing --- metal --- conservation --- cleaning --- hydrogels --- organogels --- bio-solvents --- biofilm --- microbial community --- algae --- cyanobacteria --- fungi --- bacteria --- next generation sequencing --- granite --- Trentepohlia --- deteriorative action --- enzymatic activity --- Nanhai No. 1 shipwreck --- cinnamaldehyde --- antimicrobial activity --- biodegradation --- built cultural heritage --- cityscape --- laboratory and field analysis --- maintenance plan --- mortar --- Parietaria judaica --- schist --- urban area --- weed control --- biocleaning --- bioconsolidation --- biocalcification --- biopolymers --- carbonatogenic bacteria --- MICP --- microorganisms --- stone restoration --- marble decay --- dark discoloration --- stone microbiota --- black fungi --- cultural heritage conservation --- multifunctional coating --- stone biodeterioration --- biofilms --- biocide --- zosteric sodium salt --- 2-mercaptobenzothiazole --- silica nanosystems --- phellem --- birch bark --- decay --- light microscopy --- transmission electron microscopy --- archaeology --- ice patch --- waterlogged --- stained glass --- glazed tiles --- biodiversity --- laboratory experiments --- n/a