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Konflikte im moralischen Urteil gibt es zwischen Moralphilosophien, zwischen Kulturen, Personen und selbst innerhalb eines einzelnen Bewusstseins. Die moderne Forschung aus verschiedensten Fachbereichen zeigt, dass unser moralischer Sinn dabei offenbar keiner einheitlichen Logik folgt. Menschen unterscheiden ihre Beziehungen gemäß dreier Kategorien: "Interaktion", "Identität" und "Intimität". Jede einzelne lässt sich als eine evolutionäre Anpassung verstehen. Die Meta-Kategorie "Universalität" entsteht dagegen wohl nur unter günstigen Bedingungen und als ein evolutionäres Nebenprodukt. Urteile darüber "was man tun soll" und "was man nicht tun darf" erweisen sich in diesem Kontext als abhängig vom Beziehungstyp und Konflikte im Urteil sind in einer sozialen Welt systembedingt.Das Modell einer "Beziehungstypischen Ethik", das auf dieser evolvierten Psychologie basiert, bietet somit die Grundlage für ein besseres Verständnis der gesamten menschlichen Ethik einschließlich der Moralphilosophien. Daneben bietet die Arbeit eine für die deutschsprachige Literatur bislang einzigartige Einführung in die Neue Synthese der Evolutionstheorie, sowie einen neuartigen Ansatz für den gelingenden Dialog zwischen Geistes- und Naturwissenschaften.
Ethics, Evolutionary. --- Relationtype ethics. --- anthopology. --- evolutionary theory. --- freedom of will.
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From the ‘punctuated equilibrium' of Eldrege and Gould, through Lewontin's ‘triple helix' and the various visions and revisions of the Extended Evolutionary Synthesis (EES) of Laland and others, both data and theory have demanded an opening-up of the 1950's Evolutionary Synthesis that so firmly wedded evolutionary theory to the mathematics of gene frequency analysis. It can, however, be argued that a single deep and comprehensive mathematical theory may simply not be possible for the almost infinite varieties of evolutionary process active at and across the full range of scales of biological, social, institutional, and cultural phenomena. Indeed, the case history of 'meme theory' should have raised a red flag that narrow gene-centered models of evolutionary process may indeed have serious limitations. What is attempted here is less grand, but still broader than a gene-centered analysis. Following the instruction of Maturana and Varela that all living systems are cognitive, in a certain sense, and that living as a process is a process of cognition, the asymptotic limit theorems of information and control theories that bound all cognition provide a basis for constructing an only modestly deep but wider-ranging series of probability models that might be converted into useful statistical tools for the analysis of observational and experimental data related to evolutionary process. The line of argument in this series of interrelated essays proves to be surprisingly direct.
Psychology --- Social psychology --- Evolution. Phylogeny --- gedrag (mensen) --- psychologie --- Europees recht --- evolutieleer --- Evolution (Biology). --- Psychology. --- Model theory. --- Evolutionary Biology. --- Evolutionary Theory. --- Behavioral Sciences and Psychology. --- Model Theory. --- Biology --- Science
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Genetic effects are the core concepts from which quantitative genetics and the evolutionary synthesis emerged. The groundbreaking theory of genetic effects was first proposed over a century ago. This book revises that theory, both conceptually and mathematically, and brings it up-to-date. The theory here compiled is supplemented with non-previously-published developments covering the broadest spectrum of simultaneously multiallelic and multilocus architectures with autosomal and sex-linked loci Arbitrary interactions (dominance, gene-gene, gene-environment, gene-sex, and parent-of-origin interactions) are accounted for Both effects of allele substitutions from the reference of individual genotypes and in the context of populations are worked out Populations are considered regardless of any departures from equilibrium frequencies (including both departures from Hardy-Weinberg, departures from linkage equilibrium, and non-random associations between/among genes and environments) All developments are derived under the same mathematical framework, so that transformations of genetic effects between different contexts are easily allowed In brief, this book enables novel applications to current empirical paradigms (like gene-mapping and genomic prediction) while adhering to the classical conceptualization of genetic effects and variance decomposition that let quantitative genetics and the evolutionary synthesis flourish. All relevant concepts are carefully clarified and discussed from a historical perspective. The theoretical developments presented in the book are illustrated by built-in cases and applications with real data. Reassuringly, the adequacy of the theory here presented is corroborated based on the fundamentals of model development.
Evolutionary genetics. --- Biomathematics. --- Evolution (Biology). --- Ecological genetics. --- Population genetics. --- Evolutionary Genetics. --- Mathematical and Computational Biology. --- Evolutionary Biology. --- Ecological Genetics. --- Population Genetics. --- Evolutionary Theory. --- Evolution (Biology) --- Genètica ecològica
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Evolution (Biology) --- Evolution (Biologie) --- Periodicals. --- Périodiques --- Evolution --- Study and teaching --- Life Sciences --- Biology --- Study and teaching. --- pedagogy --- evolutionary theory --- teaching of evolution --- Biological Evolution. --- Evolution, Biological --- Sociobiology --- Philosophy --- Creation --- Emergence (Philosophy) --- Teleology --- Teaching --- Evolution. Phylogeny
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This collection of essays offers evolutionary psychological analysis of selected works from the American literary tradition. Application of evolutionary theory to writing by Ben Franklin, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Mark Twain, Walt Whitman, Edith Wharton, F. Scot Fitzgerald, Zora Neal Hurston, and others creates an interdisciplinary framework for examining key textual features: plot, theme, tone, setting, symbol, characterization, point of view; and at the same time provides an accessible introduction to Darwinian literary critical methodology. Pertinent scientific research, together with essential terms and concepts, is explained in context. Connections are made throughout to existing commentary on the targeted texts, illustrating how Darwinian scrutiny can enrich, extend, or reconfigure understandings derived from other critical approaches.
American literature --- Evolution (Biology) in literature. --- History and criticism. --- Darwin, Charles, --- Influence. --- Darwin, Charles, Robert --- Literature --- Classic Literature --- Evolution --- American Literature --- Essays --- Evolutionary Theory --- Literary Tradition --- Darwinian literary critical methodology --- Henry David Thoreau
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The book discusses ideas concerning the order and balance of nature (or "economy of nature") from the late 17th century to the early 20th century. The perspective taken is broad, longue durée and interdisciplinary, and reveals the interplay of scientific, philosophical, moral and social ideas. The story begins with natural theology (dating roughly to the onset of the so-called Newtonian Revolution) and ends with the First World War. The cut-off date has been chosen for the following reasons: the war changed the state of things, affecting man’s way of looking at, and relating to, nature both directly and indirectly; indeed, it put an end to most applications of Darwinism to society and history, including interpretations of war as a form of the struggle for existence. The author presents an overview of the different images of nature that were involved in these debates, especially in the late 19th century, when a large part of the scientific community paid lip service to ‘Darwinism’, while practically each expert felt free to interpret it in his own distinct way. The book also touches on the so-called ‘social Darwinism’, which was neither a real theory, nor a common body of ideas, and its various views of society and nature’s economy. Part of this book deals with the persistence of moralizing images of nature in the work of many authors. One of the main features of the book is its wealth of (detailed) quotations. In this way the author gives the reader the opportunity to see the original statements on which the author bases his discussion. The author privileges the analysis of different positions over a historiography offering a merely linear narrative based on general implications of ideas and theories. To revisit the concept of the so-called "Darwinian Revolution", we need to examine the various perspectives of scientists and others, their language and, so to speak, the lenses they used when reading "facts" and theories. The book ends with some general reflections on Darwin and Darwinisms (the plural is important) as a case study on the relationship between intellectual history, the history of science and contextual history. Written by a historian, this book really gives new, multidisciplinary perspectives on the "Darwinian Revolution.".
Evolution (Biology). --- Science --- Philosophy of nature. --- Biotic communities. --- Population biology. --- Evolutionary developmental biology. --- Evolutionary Theory. --- History of Science. --- Evolutionary Biology. --- Philosophy of Nature. --- Community and Population Ecology. --- Evolutionary Developmental Biology. --- History.
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The epistemological synthesis of the various theories of evolution, since the first formulation in 1802 with the transmission of the inherited characters by J.B. Lamarck, shows the need for an alternative synthesis to that of Princeton (1947). This new synthesis integrates the scientific models of self-organization developed during the second half of the 20th century based on the laws of physics, thermodynamics, and mathematics with the emergent evolutionary problematics such as self-organized memory. This book shows, how self-organization is integrated in modern evolutionary biology. It is divided in two parts: The first part pays attention to the modern observations in paleontology and biology, which include major theoreticians of the self-organization (d’Arcy Thompson, Henri Bergson, René Thom, Ilya Prigogine). The second part presents different emergent evolutionary models including the sciences of complexity, the non-linear dynamical systems, fractals, attractors, epigenesis, systemics, and mesology with different examples of the sciences of complexity and self-organization as observed in the human lineage, from both internal (embryogenesis-morphogenesis) and external (mesology) viewpoints.
Philosophy of science --- Pure sciences. Natural sciences (general) --- Evolution. Phylogeny --- wetenschapsgeschiedenis --- evolutieleer --- wetenschapsfilosofie --- Evolution (Biology). --- Morphogenesis. --- Science --- Evolutionary Theory. --- History of Science. --- Philosophy of Science. --- History. --- Philosophy. --- Evolució (Biologia) --- Sistemes autoorganitzatius
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In the spring of 2011, a diverse group of scientists gathered at Cornell University to discuss their research into the nature and origin of biological information. This symposium brought together experts in information theory, computer science, numerical simulation, thermodynamics, evolutionary theory, whole organism biology, developmental biology, molecular biology, genetics, physics, biophysics, mathematics, and linguistics. This volume presents new research by those invited to speak at the conference.The contributors to this volume use their wide-ranging expertise in the area of biological
Genomics --- Molecular genetics --- Cell interaction --- Mutation (Biology) --- Intelligent design (Teleology) --- Design, Intelligent (Teleology) --- Natural theology --- Philosophy of nature --- Teleology --- Creationism --- God --- Genetics --- Variation (Biology) --- Proof, Teleological --- Molecular Biology --- Mutation/Selection Paradigm --- Numerical Simulation --- Mathematics --- Biophysics --- Physics --- Thermodynamics --- Information Theory --- Evolutionary Theory --- Computer Science --- Linguistics --- Developmental Biology --- Biological Information --- Whole Organism Biology
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How do the films of Kubrick communicate mental events of characters in a purely visual manner? And how does the music in his films express meaning when music in essence is an abstract and non-representational art form? Drawing on state-of-the-art discoveries within embodied cognitive science, this book sets out to address these and other questions by revealing Kubrick as a genuine artist of embodied meaning-making, a filmmaker who perhaps more than any other director, uses all the resources of filmmaking in such a controlled and dense manner as to elicit the embodied tools necessary to achieve a level of conceptual clarity.
Film theory & criticism --- 2001: A Space Odyssey. --- 20th century film. --- Barry Lyndon. --- Eyes Wide Shut. --- Paths of Glory. --- Stanley Kubrick. --- The Shining. --- aesthetics. --- artistic intention. --- cinema studies. --- cognitive film theory. --- cognitive linguistics. --- communication. --- directing. --- embodied cognitive science. --- embodied meaning. --- evolutionary theory. --- film as language. --- film scores. --- film semiotics. --- film studies. --- film. --- filmmaking. --- metaphor. --- methodology. --- music. --- perception. --- philosophy. --- psychoanalysis. --- screenwriting. --- semiotics. --- twentieth century film.
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