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Le cancer du pancréas est une maladie redoutée par tous. Ses symptômes non spécifiques font qu’il est détecté à un stade très avancé expliquant son taux de survie médiocre estimé à moins de 5% 5 ans après le diagnostic de la maladie. Le cancer du pancréas pourrait devenir la deuxième cause de mortalité par cancer d’ici 2030. Par conséquent, il est dès à présent essentiel de mettre en place une méthode de dépistage fiable et précoce du cancer pancréatique. 
Pour atteindre cet objectif, notre laboratoire s’est intéressé à un type de vésicule extracellulaire, les exosomes. Ces vésicules sont capables de transférer leurs contenus en ARN et donc de participer à la communication entre les cellules. En outre, plusieurs études ont prouvé que les ARN non codants présents dans les exosomes peuvent être impliqués dans de nombreux processus biologiques, pouvant conduire à différentes pathologies tels que le cancer. En fin de compte, l’utilisation de ces ARNnc en tant que biomarqueurs potentiels est une technique qui s’avère très prometteuse et de plus en plus adoptée par la communauté scientifique.
Dans un premier temps, le laboratoire a identifié plusieurs microARN et long ARN non codants abondamment exportés dans les exosomes provenant de cellules de PDAC (Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma) par la technique du séquençage. Ces résultats ont été validés par qRT-PCR dans le but de sélectionner les ARNnc les plus prometteurs pour notre projet. Nous en avons retenu trois : miR-23a, MALAT1 et BCYRN1. Dans un deuxième temps, différents tests fonctionnels ont été réalisés sur ces trois ARNnc afin d’étudier leurs rôles potentiels dans le développement tumoral pancréatique. De ces résultats, nous avons constaté que miR-23a, Malat et BCYRN1 favorisent la prolifération cellulaire. De plus, BCYRN1 et Malat jouent également un rôle dans l’invasion, la migration et l’adhésion des cellules cancéreuses pancréatiques. La prochaine étape consiste à vérifier que le transfert de ces trois ARNnc a bien lieu entre les cellules par le biais des exosomes.

cancer du pancréas --- exosome --- miARN --- lncARN --- Sciences du vivant > Biochimie, biophysique & biologie moléculaire

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The transcription factor (TF) mediated regulation of gene expression is a process fundamental to all biological and physiological processes. Genetic changes and epigenetic modifications of TFs affect target gene expression during the formation of malignant cells. Extensive work has been done on the critical TFs in various disease models. Despite the success of numerous TF-targeted therapies, there remain significant hurdles understanding the mechanisms, transcriptional targets and networks of physiologic pathways that govern TF action. This effort is now beginning to produce exciting new avenues of research. A clinically relevant topic for genetic change of TF is the mutant isoforms of p53, the most famous tumor suppressor. The p53 mutations either results in loss of function, or acting as dominant negative for wild-type protein, or ‘gain of function’ specifically promoting cancer survival. The gain of function is achieved by shifting p53 binding partner proteins, or changed genomic binding landscape leading to a cancer-promoting transcriptome. Another example of genetic change of TF causing malignancy is the AML-ETO fusion protein in the human t(8;21)-leukemia. The fusion protein is an active TF, and more interestingly, new studies link the disease causing role of AML-ETO to the unique transcriptome in the hematopoietic stem cells. Nuclear receptors (NR) are a group of ligand-dependent TFs governing the expression of genes involved in a broad range of reproductive, developmental and metabolic programs. Genetic changes and epigenetic modifications of NRs lead to cancers and metabolic diseases. Androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) are well studied NRs in prostate, breast and endometrial cancers. The development in sequencing technology and computational genomics enable us to investigate the transcription programs of these master TFs in an unprecedented level. This Research Topic aims to present the most up-to-date progress in the field of transcription regulation in cancers and metabolic diseases.

senescence --- Cell Cycle --- Cancer stem cell --- nuclear receptor --- microRNA --- p63 --- exosome --- tran --- epigenetics --- p53

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The Special Issue “Nanostructured Materials Based on Noble Metals for Advanced Biological Applications” highlights the recent progress in gold and silver nanomaterials preparation/synthesis as well as their innovative applications in advanced applications, such as in nanomedicine and nanosensors. It is nowadays generally accepted that nanostructured noble metals allow the production of highly competitive materials. In fact, a specific design and rather simple and reliable preparation techniques can be used to obtain optimized material uses and possibilities for their reusability. One expects amazing future developments for these nanotechnologies from research laboratories to key industrial areas. The Guest Editor and the MDPI staff are therefore pleased to offer this Special Issue to interested readers, including researchers, graduate and PhD students as well as postdoctoral researchers, but also to the entire community interested in the wide world of nanomaterials.

gold --- nanostructure --- EDTA tetrasodium salt --- photothermal therapy --- silver nanoparticles --- biomedical applications --- biological interactions --- biofunctional performances --- intrinsic anti-inflammatory activity --- antimicrobial efficiency --- localized surface plasmon resonance --- dip-coating --- capillary force --- exosome --- gold nanoparticles --- copper(I) complexes --- conjugates --- drug delivery --- anticancer compounds --- niosomes --- liposomes --- plasmonic materials --- nanocarriers --- Hg2+ sensors --- heavy metal sensing --- plasmonic sensors --- optical sensors --- ecosafety --- nanoparticles --- interactions --- protein corona --- nanomedicine --- biomolecules --- nanomaterials --- noble metal nanoparticles --- gold nanomaterials --- silver nanomaterials --- hybrid metal–polymer nanoparticles --- biotechnological applications --- nanomaterials for drug delivery --- nanomaterials for sensing

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The Special Issue “Nanostructured Materials Based on Noble Metals for Advanced Biological Applications” highlights the recent progress in gold and silver nanomaterials preparation/synthesis as well as their innovative applications in advanced applications, such as in nanomedicine and nanosensors. It is nowadays generally accepted that nanostructured noble metals allow the production of highly competitive materials. In fact, a specific design and rather simple and reliable preparation techniques can be used to obtain optimized material uses and possibilities for their reusability. One expects amazing future developments for these nanotechnologies from research laboratories to key industrial areas. The Guest Editor and the MDPI staff are therefore pleased to offer this Special Issue to interested readers, including researchers, graduate and PhD students as well as postdoctoral researchers, but also to the entire community interested in the wide world of nanomaterials.

Technology: general issues --- gold --- nanostructure --- EDTA tetrasodium salt --- photothermal therapy --- silver nanoparticles --- biomedical applications --- biological interactions --- biofunctional performances --- intrinsic anti-inflammatory activity --- antimicrobial efficiency --- localized surface plasmon resonance --- dip-coating --- capillary force --- exosome --- gold nanoparticles --- copper(I) complexes --- conjugates --- drug delivery --- anticancer compounds --- niosomes --- liposomes --- plasmonic materials --- nanocarriers --- Hg2+ sensors --- heavy metal sensing --- plasmonic sensors --- optical sensors --- ecosafety --- nanoparticles --- interactions --- protein corona --- nanomedicine --- biomolecules --- nanomaterials --- noble metal nanoparticles --- gold nanomaterials --- silver nanomaterials --- hybrid metal–polymer nanoparticles --- biotechnological applications --- nanomaterials for drug delivery --- nanomaterials for sensing

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Recently, many kinds of foods and food-derived nutrients have been reported to show health-beneficial effects. In particular, some foods and food-derived nutrients have shown anti-aging effects on several organs and tissues, such as brain, muscle, skin, intestine, and so on. In some kinds of foods, the molecular basis of their functionalities (e.g., anti-brain aging, anti-sarcopenia, and anti-skin aging) and inter-tissue networks activated by these foods mediated by exosomes, cytokines, and immune cells have been clarified in detail.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Food & society --- raw-milk cheese --- Caenorhabditis elegans --- longevity --- oxidative stress --- DAF-16 --- p38 MAPK --- anthocyanins --- structure --- glucose and lipid metabolism --- human health --- meta-analysis --- telomerase reverse transcriptase --- keratinocyte–hair follicle stem cell interaction --- exosomes --- telogen–anagen transition --- hair cycle regulation --- caffeine --- intestinal aging --- anti-aging --- vitellogenesis --- mitochondrial function --- oxidative stress response --- GABA --- exosome --- gut-brain interaction --- Caco-2 --- SH-SY5Y --- argan press-cake --- MITF --- JNK --- cAMP/PKA --- Wnt/β-catenin --- microarray analysis --- maslinic acid --- muscle atrophy --- muscle strength --- denervation --- olive peel --- SGLT1 --- transporter --- tangeretin --- cardamonin --- intestinal epithelial cell --- Phgdh --- liver --- l-serine deficiency --- insulin signaling --- glucose tolerance --- inflammaging --- aging related disorders --- low grade inflammation --- nutrients --- natural herbs --- pro-inflammatory cytokines --- regulatory T cells --- retinaldehyde dehydrogenase --- IgA --- quercetin --- luteolin