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The object of this work is to analyse since when the topics of terrorism and non-proliferation merged on the International and European agenda in relation to trade control of sensitive goods . From 2001 we seek to analyse how in Multilateral fora and European institutions the issue of WMD non-proliferation has been related to the appearance of a branched network of terrorism, and what have been (if any), the consequences of such a connection on trade control systems, or more generally on non-proliferation policies. Since when is terrorism introduced as an assessment criterion in the trade of sensitive goods? And there have been other measures undertaken on the issue of counter-proliferation?
The first chapter introduces a brief description of the main terms referred to in this work, namely terrorism, export control and and dual-use.
The second chapter is focused on the on the measures agreed at the International level, with regard to the role of the UN and the principal multilateral arrangements of export-control and non-proliferation. In the first section is presented the reaction of the UNSC through the analysis of key resolutions. The second section is about the initiatives promoted by the UNGA in the field of counter-terrorism in its link to CBRN proliferation. The third section examines how the international export-control and non-proliferation groups addressed the threat constituted by the risk of diversion to terrorists.
The third chapter deals with the role played by the European Union. The first section concerns the elaboration of the main policy guidelines and strategies agreed by the EU institutions to cope with the threat and the possible consequences posed by terrorist attacks and the resort to the use of WMD related materials. The second section analyses the strongholds of the current EU trade control system of dual-use goods, as well as the proposed lines of development of its upcoming revision. Finally, the third section draws the attention on the role of the European Parliamentary scrutiny of the EU measures in preventing and responding the risk arising from terrorism and proliferation.
The conclusions show that after 2001, and with revived emphasis after 2004, the principal multilateral fora as well as the EU acknowledged the critical connection between terrorism and WMD proliferation. The most important measures have been to require State to establish domestic export controls, to strengthen the controls of traded items or to provide tools for their extension to non-listed goods. The EU will agree on a number of new strategies to counter these threats, playing a role in between the implementation of the international obligations as agreed in the UN and multilateral arrangements, and the promotion of counter-terrorism and non-proliferations policies in its relationship with Third Countries.

Terrorism --- WMD proliferation --- export control --- dual-use --- Droit, criminologie & sciences politiques > Sciences politiques, administration publique & relations internationales

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strategic trade control --- non-proliferation --- CBRN --- international security --- export control --- foreign policy --- International trade --- International trade. --- External trade --- Foreign commerce --- Foreign trade --- Global commerce --- Global trade --- Trade, International --- World trade --- Commerce --- International economic relations --- Non-traded goods --- cbrn

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In the first two months of 2021, the production of COVID-19 vaccines has suffered setbacks delaying the implementation of national inoculation strategies. These delays have revealed the concentration of vaccine manufacture in a small club of producer nations, which in turn has implications for the degree to which cross-border value chains can deter more aggressive forms of Vaccine Nationalism, such as export curbs. This paper documents the existence of this club, taking account of not just the production of final vaccines but also the ingredients of and items needed to manufacture and distribute COVID-19 vaccines. During 2017-19, vaccine producing nations sourced 88 percent of their key vaccine ingredients from other vaccine producing trading partners. Combined with the growing number of mutations of COVID-19 and the realization that this coronavirus is likely to become a permanent endemic global health threat, this finding calls for a rethink of the policy calculus towards ramping up the production and distribution of COVID-19 vaccines, its ingredients, and the various items needed to deliver them. The more approved vaccines that are safely produced, the smaller will be the temptation to succumb to zero-sum Vaccine Nationalism.

Coronavirus --- COVID-19 Vaccination --- Disease Control and Prevention --- Export Ban --- Export Control --- Health Care Services Industry --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Immunizations --- Industry --- International Economics and Trade --- Lipids --- MRNA --- Nitrile Glove --- Pharmaceuticals and Pharmacoeconomics --- Rules of Origin --- Syringe --- Trade Policy --- Vaccine Nationalism --- Vaccine Production --- Value Chain --- Vial

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Dit handboek behandelt douane en accijnzen zowel vanuit theoretisch als vanuit praktisch standpunt. Na een overzicht van de evolutie van het douanebeleid in Europa en het wetgevende kader, worden de betrokken partijen en de verschillende douaneregelingen besproken bij invoer, doorvoer en uitvoer. De praktische aspecten worden benadrukt, zoals het Import Control System en het Export Control System en de te vervullen verplichtingen bij aankomst en vertrek van goederen, met bijzondere aandacht voor het invullen van het Enig Document. Daarnaast worden onderwerpen behandeld als de oorsprong van goederen, de te overhandigen documenten bij invoer, transit en uitvoer, en bijzondere regelingen als douane-entrepots, tijdelijke invoer en veredeling. Een apart hoofdstuk wordt gewijd aan accijnzen. Het handboek vertrekt vanuit een theoretische benadering, waarbij alle aspecten ruim geïllustreerd worden met voorbeelden. De talrijke voorbeelden maken het werk uitermate geschikt voor studenten en logistiek managers in opleiding zonder voorafgaande douanekennis. Met dit boek kunt u zich de materie op een gestructureerde en praktische manier eigen maken.

Tax law --- Belgium --- accijnzen --- douanereglementering --- fiscaal recht --- douane --- 336.24 --- 346.8 --- douanes --- Douaneheffingen als bron van inkomsten --- invoerrechten en accijnzen - douane --- Customs administration --- Douanes --- Excise tax --- Taxe d'accise --- Law and legislation --- Droit --- Droit européen --- PXL-Business 2019 --- logistiek --- transport --- ebooks 2019 --- Droit européen. --- douane : accijnzen --- douane: accijnzen --- 339.5 --- E-books --- 351.713 --- 351.713 Fiscaal recht. Belastingsrecht. Overheidsfinancien. Belastingswezen--z.o.{336.2} --- Fiscaal recht. Belastingsrecht. Overheidsfinancien. Belastingswezen--z.o.{336.2} --- Import Control System (ICS) --- Export Control System (ECS) --- enig document --- douanetarief --- enkel document --- doorvoer --- tranzyt --- tranzīts --- tránsito --- kauttakuljetus --- transiit --- trânsito --- Durchgangsverkehr --- tranzitas --- tranzit --- διαμετακόμιση --- transito --- транзит --- tranżitu --- transit --- átszállítás --- provoz --- транзитен превоз --- транзитен транспорт --- transiitvedu --- tranzit pasagjerësh --- árutovábbítás --- reisijate transiit --- transit de voyageurs --- транзитен превоз на стока --- εμπορευματική διαμετακόμιση --- trânsito de mercadorias --- persontransit --- tránsito de viajeros --- επιβατική διαμετακόμιση --- Personentransit --- Durchgangsverkehr von Personen --- matkustajien läpikulkuliikenne --- varutransit --- tranzit de bunuri --- passenger transit --- keleivių tranzitas --- транзитен превоз на патници --- transito di merci --- tranzit osob --- tranzit ljudi --- Durchgangsverkehr von Gütern --- tranzit zboží --- διαμετακόμιση εμπορευμάτων --- tranzit mallrash --- transitogoederen --- trânsito de passageiros --- tranzit de călători --- varetransit --- transit de marchandises --- transitresenär --- διαμετακόμιση επιβατών --- transito di viaggiatori --- tovarový tranzit --- tránsito de mercancías --- preču tranzīts --- kaupade transiit --- tranzit cestujúcich --- trânsito de viajantes --- pasažieru tranzīts --- tavaroiden läpikulkuliikenne --- doorgaande reizigers --- árutovábbítási eljárás --- Gütertransit --- tranzit dobara --- transit of goods --- prekių tranzitas --- единствен царински документ --- doiciméad riarthach aonair --- egységes vámokmány --- јединствени документ --- dokument amministrattiv uniku --- documento único --- enhedsdokument --- jednotná celní deklarace --- yhtenäinen asiakirja --- single document --- vienots dokuments --- document unic --- jednotný doklad --- dokument i vetëm --- ühtne dokument --- оригинал --- document unique --- vienas bendras dokumentas --- jednolity dokument celny --- enotna carinska listina --- documento unico --- enhetsdokument --- jedinstveni carinski dokument --- ενιαίο έγγραφο --- einheitliches Zollpapier --- ühtne tollidokument --- enheds-tolddokument --- enkel administratief document --- egységes okmány --- EV --- vienots administratīvs dokuments --- single customs document --- jednotný colný doklad --- унификација на царинските документи --- jednotný celní doklad --- documento amministrativo unico --- dokument administrativ i vetëm --- yhtenäinen tulliasiakirja --- ενιαίο τελωνειακό έγγραφο --- document vamal unic --- yhtenäinen hallinnollinen asiakirja --- ühtne haldusdokument --- ΕΔΕ --- SAD --- VAD --- vienots muitas dokuments --- document administratif unique --- EAD --- administrativt enhedsdokument --- ED --- unificazione dei documenti doganali --- dokument doganor i vetëm --- documento alfandegário único --- ЕЦД --- DAU --- document douanier unique --- single administrative document --- Einheitspapier --- documento administrativo único --- ενιαίο διοικητικό έγγραφο --- vienas bendras administracinis dokumentas --- jednotný administratívny doklad --- documento aduanero único --- documento doganale unico --- SAD-dokument --- document administrativ unic --- gemensamt tulldokument --- vienas bendras muitų dokumentas --- tarif douanier --- colný sadzobník --- tarif vamal --- taryfa celna --- tarifë doganore --- tollitariif --- царинска тарифа --- pauta aduaneira --- tariffa doganale --- muitas tarifs --- customs tariff --- muitų tarifas --- celní sazebník --- arancel aduanero --- δασμολόγιο --- tulltaxa --- tullitariffi --- tariffa doganali --- Zolltarif --- vámtarifa --- carinska tarifa --- митнически тарифи --- toldtarif --- muito tarifas --- тарифен број --- renta de aduanas --- PXL-Ebooks 2019 --- PXL-Handboeken --- doiciméad aonair --- idirthuras --- taraif custam