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The fourth volume of the collected papers of the ICLA congress "The Many Languages of Comparative Literature" includes articles that study thematic and formal elements of literary texts. Although the question of prioritizing either the level of content or that of form has often provoked controversies, most contributions here treat them as internally connected. While theoretical considerations inform many of the readings, the main interest of most articles can be described as rhetorical (in the widest sense) - given that the ancient discipline of rhetoric did not only include the study of rhetorical figures and tropes such as metaphor, irony, or satire, but also that of topoi, which were originally viewed as the 'places' where certain arguments could be found, but later came to represent the arguments or intellectual themes themselves. Another feature shared by most of the articles is the tendency of 'undeclared thematology', which not only reflects the persistence of the charge of positivism, but also shows that most scholars prefer to locate themselves within more specific, often interdisciplinary fields of literary study. In this sense, this volume does not only prove the ongoing relevance of traditional fields such as rhetoric and thematology, but provides contributions to currently flourishing research areas, among them literary multilingualism, literature and emotions, and ecocriticism.
LITERARY CRITICISM / Comparative Literature. --- Thematology. --- figurative language. --- literary form. --- rhetorical figures.
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Metaphor has been an issue of intense research and debate for decades (see, for example [1]). Researchers in various disciplines, including linguistics, psychology, computer science, education, and philosophy have developed a variety of theories, and much progress has been made [2]. For one, metaphor is no longer considered a rhetorical flourish that is found mainly in literary texts. Rather, linguists have shown that metaphor is a pervasive phenomenon in everyday language, a major force in the development of new word meanings, and the source of at least some grammatical function words [3]. Indeed, one of the most influential theories of metaphor involves the suggestion that the frequency of metaphoric language results because cross-domain mappings are a major determinant in the organization of semantic memory, as cognitive and neural resources for dealing with concrete domains are recruited for the conceptualization of more abstract ones [4]. Researchers in cognitive neuroscience have explored whether particular kinds of brain damage are associated with metaphor production and comprehension deficits, and whether similar brain regions are recruited when healthy adults understand the literal and metaphorical meanings of the same words (see [5] for a review). Whereas early research on this topic focused on the issue of the role of hemispheric asymmetry in the comprehension and production of metaphors [6], in recent years cognitive neuroscientists have argued that metaphor is not a monolithic category, and that metaphor processing varies as a function of numerous factors, including the novelty or conventionality of a particular metaphoric expression, its part of speech, and the extent of contextual support for the metaphoric meaning (see, e.g., [7], [8], [9]). Moreover, recent developments in cognitive neuroscience point to a sensorimotor basis for many concrete concepts, and raise the issue of whether these mechanisms are ever recruited to process more abstract concepts [10]. This Frontiers Research Topic brings together contributions from researchers in cognitive neuroscience whose work involves the study of metaphor in language and thought in order to promote the development of the neuroscientific investigation of metaphor. Adopting an interdisciplinary perspective, it synthesizes current findings on the cognitive neuroscience of metaphor, provides a forum for voicing novel perspectives, and promotes avenues for new research on the metaphorical brain.
figurative language comprehension --- Schizophrenia --- hemispheric specialization --- embodiment --- right hemisphere damage --- Alzheimer's disease --- Executive Function --- autism
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Von der Antike bis in die Gegenwart wird erzählerisches Handeln immer wieder durch bildhafte Ausdrücke veranschaulicht, die den Erzähler in logikwidrigem Kontakt mit der erzählten Welt darstellen und sich damit narratologisch als Metalepsen beschreiben lassen. Dieses Buch behandelt zwei sachlich entgegengesetzte, aber dennoch verwandte metaleptische Bilder des Erzählens: Im einen erscheint der Erzähler als anwesender Beobachter ("wir finden unseren Helden in x"), im anderen als unmittelbarer Urheber der Handlung ("wir haben unseren Helden nach x gebracht"). Beide Bilder werden anhand aussagekräftiger Beispiele von den Anfängen in der frühgriechischen Dichtung über Verwendungen in Mittelalter und Früher Neuzeit bis zu Weiterentwicklungen im modernen Roman verfolgt. Besonderes Augenmerk gilt dabei den impliziten Konzepten des Erzählens, die in den jeweiligen Verwendungen greifbar werden. Tatsächlich zeigen sich hinter den formalen Konstanten teils tiefgreifende Unterschiede, die einen Einblick in epochenspezifische Erzählverständnisse ermöglichen. Damit leistet das Buch nicht nur einen Beitrag zu einer Geschichte abendländischen Erzählens, sondern führt exemplarisch den Nutzen der Diachronen Narratologie vor Augen. What is narration? This book sheds light on two figurative responses that, in narratology, can be qualified as metalepses (the overlapping of narrative layers): narration as present observing and narration as the immediate production of action. This book pursues both ideas from antiquity to the present, with some far-reaching differences coming to light behind the formal constants.
Fiction --- LITERARY CRITICISM / Semiotics & Theory. --- Diachronic narratology. --- figurative language. --- metalepsis. --- narrator.
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Metaphor has been an issue of intense research and debate for decades (see, for example [1]). Researchers in various disciplines, including linguistics, psychology, computer science, education, and philosophy have developed a variety of theories, and much progress has been made [2]. For one, metaphor is no longer considered a rhetorical flourish that is found mainly in literary texts. Rather, linguists have shown that metaphor is a pervasive phenomenon in everyday language, a major force in the development of new word meanings, and the source of at least some grammatical function words [3]. Indeed, one of the most influential theories of metaphor involves the suggestion that the frequency of metaphoric language results because cross-domain mappings are a major determinant in the organization of semantic memory, as cognitive and neural resources for dealing with concrete domains are recruited for the conceptualization of more abstract ones [4]. Researchers in cognitive neuroscience have explored whether particular kinds of brain damage are associated with metaphor production and comprehension deficits, and whether similar brain regions are recruited when healthy adults understand the literal and metaphorical meanings of the same words (see [5] for a review). Whereas early research on this topic focused on the issue of the role of hemispheric asymmetry in the comprehension and production of metaphors [6], in recent years cognitive neuroscientists have argued that metaphor is not a monolithic category, and that metaphor processing varies as a function of numerous factors, including the novelty or conventionality of a particular metaphoric expression, its part of speech, and the extent of contextual support for the metaphoric meaning (see, e.g., [7], [8], [9]). Moreover, recent developments in cognitive neuroscience point to a sensorimotor basis for many concrete concepts, and raise the issue of whether these mechanisms are ever recruited to process more abstract concepts [10]. This Frontiers Research Topic brings together contributions from researchers in cognitive neuroscience whose work involves the study of metaphor in language and thought in order to promote the development of the neuroscientific investigation of metaphor. Adopting an interdisciplinary perspective, it synthesizes current findings on the cognitive neuroscience of metaphor, provides a forum for voicing novel perspectives, and promotes avenues for new research on the metaphorical brain.
figurative language comprehension --- Schizophrenia --- hemispheric specialization --- embodiment --- right hemisphere damage --- Alzheimer's disease --- Executive Function --- autism
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Metaphor has been an issue of intense research and debate for decades (see, for example [1]). Researchers in various disciplines, including linguistics, psychology, computer science, education, and philosophy have developed a variety of theories, and much progress has been made [2]. For one, metaphor is no longer considered a rhetorical flourish that is found mainly in literary texts. Rather, linguists have shown that metaphor is a pervasive phenomenon in everyday language, a major force in the development of new word meanings, and the source of at least some grammatical function words [3]. Indeed, one of the most influential theories of metaphor involves the suggestion that the frequency of metaphoric language results because cross-domain mappings are a major determinant in the organization of semantic memory, as cognitive and neural resources for dealing with concrete domains are recruited for the conceptualization of more abstract ones [4]. Researchers in cognitive neuroscience have explored whether particular kinds of brain damage are associated with metaphor production and comprehension deficits, and whether similar brain regions are recruited when healthy adults understand the literal and metaphorical meanings of the same words (see [5] for a review). Whereas early research on this topic focused on the issue of the role of hemispheric asymmetry in the comprehension and production of metaphors [6], in recent years cognitive neuroscientists have argued that metaphor is not a monolithic category, and that metaphor processing varies as a function of numerous factors, including the novelty or conventionality of a particular metaphoric expression, its part of speech, and the extent of contextual support for the metaphoric meaning (see, e.g., [7], [8], [9]). Moreover, recent developments in cognitive neuroscience point to a sensorimotor basis for many concrete concepts, and raise the issue of whether these mechanisms are ever recruited to process more abstract concepts [10]. This Frontiers Research Topic brings together contributions from researchers in cognitive neuroscience whose work involves the study of metaphor in language and thought in order to promote the development of the neuroscientific investigation of metaphor. Adopting an interdisciplinary perspective, it synthesizes current findings on the cognitive neuroscience of metaphor, provides a forum for voicing novel perspectives, and promotes avenues for new research on the metaphorical brain.
figurative language comprehension --- Schizophrenia --- hemispheric specialization --- embodiment --- right hemisphere damage --- Alzheimer's disease --- Executive Function --- autism
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This interdisciplinary study presents the cutting-edge state of theoretical and applied research in phraseology. The author elaborates key terminology and theoretical concepts of phraseology, while challenging some prevailing assumptions. Exploration of phraseological meaning across sentence boundaries is supported by ample textual illustrations of stylistic use ranging from Old English to Modern English. The book contains innovative research in the discourse-level features of phraseological units from a cognitive perspective, along with creative use of phraseological metaphor, metonymy and allusion, including multimodal discourse. The author argues for the need to raise stylistic awareness among teachers and learners, translators, lexicographers and advertisers. This is the revised and extensively expanded new edition of Phraseological Units in Discourse: Towards Applied Stylistics (2001). It received honourable mention at the ESSE Book Award 2012.
LANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES --- Linguistics / General --- English language --- Discourse analysis --- English --- Languages & Literatures --- English Language --- Rhetoric --- Style --- Terms and phrases --- Discourse analysis. --- Rhetoric. --- Style. --- Discourse grammar --- Text grammar --- English literature --- Metrics and rhythmics --- Semantics --- Semiotics --- Germanic languages --- Linguistics --- Extended metaphor --- Literal and figurative language --- Metaphor --- Metonymy --- Phraseology --- Pun --- Root (linguistics)
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In this book, the author develops a new approach of metaphors by systematically distinguishing the level of linguistic properties from the level of psychological processes associated with metaphorical interpretations. Besides avoiding problems of other available theories of metaphor his account also enables to gain valuable insights about other tropes such as irony or metonymy as well as about the relation between semantics and pragmatics. Metaphern sind in unserer Kommunikation weit verbreitete Phänomene, die bei genauerer Betrachtung einige Fragen aufwerfen. Es muss z.B. erklärt werden, wie es möglich ist, metaphorische Deutungen zu erschließen, wo diese doch teilweise drastisch von den wörtlichen Bedeutungen der jeweiligen Ausdrücke abweichen. Ebenfalls erläuterungsbedürftig ist u.a., inwieweit Metaphern einer wörtlichen Paraphrase zugänglich sind und in welchem Maße sie in die semantisch-syntaktische Struktur von Sprache eingebunden sind. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden nicht nur zahlreiche zu diesem Thema erschienene sprachphilosophische, linguistische und psychologische Studien vorgestellt. Jacob Hesse entwickelt auch einen eigenständigen Ansatz, mit dem Einseitigkeiten und Reduktionismen vermieden werden, die in vielen gängigen Metapherntheorien vorhanden sind. Dies erreicht der Autor u.a. dadurch, dass er die linguistischen Eigenschaften von metaphorisch verstandenen Ausdrücken von der Struktur der mit ihnen verbundenen Interpretationsprozesse differenziert. Mit seinem Ansatz werden auch aufschlussreiche Beiträge für das Verständnis von weiteren Stilmitteln wie Metonymie und Ironie, sowie dem Wechselverhältnis zwischen Semantik und Pragmatik geliefert.
Metaphor, Figurative Language, Context Sensitivity, Philosophy of Language --- Ã FOS 2012 -- HUMANITIES (6) -- Philosophy, Ethics, Religion (603) -- Philosophy, Ethics (6031) -- Philosophy (603113) --- Metapher, Figurative Sprache, Kontextsensitivität, Sprachphilosophie --- Ã FOS 2012 -- GEISTESWISSENSCHAFTEN (6) -- Philosophie, Ethik, Religion (603) -- Philosophie, Ethik (6031) -- Philosophie (603113)
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An early cameo of Latin American surrealism, Rosamel del Valle's erotic narrative of ecstasy and perdition creates the rhythm of the dream and the tempo of madness. Intermittently a waiflike young woman, Eva, intrudes into the daily routine of the writer. Her appearances are marked by a circle of red and the vision of a deep well with a star hanging over it. A tone poem of surrealist encounter, pursuit, and loss, Eva y la Fuga was written in 1930 and finally published posthumously in 1970, by Monte Avila Press in Venezuela. Anna Balakian offers here the first translation of the work into any other language. She brilliantly conveys in English the author's highly metaphoric language and the immediacy of surrealist experience, signaled in the narrative by frequent lapses into a haunting present tense.On their walks through the streets of Santiago, Eva and the narrator mingle in the fiesta atmosphere of the Chilean Amusement Park, with its gigantic Ferris Wheel. Bits of real-life dialogue float through the air. But the couple move on different wavelengths from the crowd and often from each other. Passing in and out of his life, Eva exercises a hypnotic fascination over the writer and makes an equally profound impression on the reader. This narrative is in the same genre as Gerard de Nerval's Aurélia, André Breton's Nadja, and Michel Leiris's Aurora, and should be counted among the most compelling works of twentieth-century surrealist literature.
Chilean literature --- 20th century. --- 1930s. --- art history. --- art movements. --- author. --- daily life. --- day to day. --- dreamlike. --- ecstasy. --- erotic. --- ferris wheel. --- figurative language. --- grief. --- latin america. --- latin american. --- lesser known. --- literary movements. --- loss. --- mental health. --- metaphors. --- poetry. --- posthumous. --- santiago. --- slice of life. --- surrealism. --- tone poem. --- translation. --- writer. --- young woman.
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This volume offers new insights into figurative language and its pervasive role as a factor of linguistic change. The case studies included in this book explore some of the different ways new metaphoric and metonymic expressions emerge and spread among speech communities, and how these changes can be related to the need to encode ongoing social and cultural processes in the language. They cover a wide series of languages and historical stages.
Lexicology. Semantics --- Sociolinguistics --- Metaphor --- Metonyms --- Figures of speech --- Linguistic change --- Sociolinguistics. --- Language and culture. --- Figures of speech. --- Linguistic change. --- Metaphor. --- Metonyms. --- Language and culture --- Languages & Literatures --- Philology & Linguistics --- Culture and language --- Language and languages --- Language and society --- Society and language --- Sociology of language --- Change, Linguistic --- Language change --- English language --- Imagery --- Speech, Figures of --- Tropes --- Metonymy --- Parabole --- Social aspects --- Sociological aspects --- Culture --- Linguistics --- Sociology --- Integrational linguistics (Oxford school) --- Historical linguistics --- Rhetoric --- Symbolism --- Reification --- Cognitive Linguistics. --- Figurative Language. --- Linguistic Change.
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Virginia Woolf once commented that the central image in Robinson Crusoe is an object-a large earthenware pot. Woolf and other critics pointed out that early modern prose is full of things but bare of setting and description. Explaining how the empty, unvisualized spaces of such writings were transformed into the elaborate landscapes and richly upholstered interiors of the Victorian novel, Cynthia Sundberg Wall argues that the shift involved not just literary representation but an evolution in cultural perception. In The Prose of Things, Wall analyzes literary works in the contexts of natural science, consumer culture, and philosophical change to show how and why the perception and representation of space in the eighteenth-century novel and other prose narratives became so textually visible. Wall examines maps, scientific publications, country house guides, and auction catalogs to highlight the thickening descriptions of domestic interiors. Considering the prose works of John Bunyan, Samuel Pepys, Aphra Behn, Daniel Defoe, Samuel Richardson, David Hume, Ann Radcliffe, and Sir Walter Scott, The Prose of Things is the first full account of the historic shift in the art of describing.
Thematology --- English literature --- History of civilization --- History of the United Kingdom and Ireland --- anno 1700-1799 --- English prose literature --- Description (Rhetoric) --- English language --- History and criticism. --- History --- Rhetoric. --- 18th century, 1700s, transformation, image, literature, literary, critique, criticism, analysis, close reading, analytical, theory, theoretical, english major, college, university, higher ed, educational, textbook, woolf, setting, description, figurative language, visual, landscape, novel, victorian, culture, cultural, perception, science, nature, natural, consumer, philosophical, domestic, john bunyan, aphra behn, daniel defoe, ann radcliffe, sir walter scott.
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