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The aim of this Special Issue of Mathematics is to commemorate the outstanding Russian mathematician Vladimir Zolotarev, whose 90th birthday will be celebrated on February 27th, 2021. The present Special Issue contains a collection of new papers by participants in sessions of the International Seminar on Stability Problems for Stochastic Models founded by Zolotarev. Along with research in probability distributions theory, limit theorems of probability theory, stochastic processes, mathematical statistics, and queuing theory, this collection contains papers dealing with applications of stochastic models in modeling of pension schemes, modeling of extreme precipitation, construction of statistical indicators of scientific publication importance, and other fields.

Research & information: general --- Mathematics & science --- continuous-time Markov chains --- non-stationary Markovian queueing model --- stability --- perturbation bounds --- forward Kolmogorov system --- threshold processing --- random samples --- long-term dependence --- mean-square risk estimate --- integrals and sums --- rates of convergence --- conditional law of large numbers --- conditional central limit theorem --- stochastic differential observation system --- nonlinear filtering problem --- state-dependent observation noise --- numerical filtering algorithm --- filtering given time-discretized observations --- stable approximation --- approximation accuracy --- Rényi theorem --- Kantorovich distance --- zeta-metrics --- Stein’s method --- stationary renewal distribution --- equilibrium transform --- geometric random sum --- characteristic function --- precipitation --- limit theorems --- statistical test --- generalized negative binomial distribution --- generalized gamma distribution --- asymptotic approximations --- extreme order statistics --- random sample size --- slowly varying --- monotony in the Zygmund sense --- class Γa(g) --- self-neglecting function --- convergence rates --- citation distribution --- Hirsch index --- geometric distribution --- Sibuya distribution --- geometrically stable distribution --- generalized Linnik distribution --- random sum --- transfer theorem --- multivariate normal scale mixtures --- heavy-tailed distributions --- multivariate stable distribution --- multivariate Linnik distribution --- generalized Mittag–Leffler distribution --- multivariate generalized Mittag–Leffler distribution --- stable distribution --- probability density function --- distribution function --- Hankel contours --- multivariate stable processes --- contour integrals --- fractional laplacian --- second order expansions --- high-dimensional --- low sample size --- Laplace distribution --- Student’s t-distribution --- pareto mixture distribution --- multiserver system --- uniform distance --- perfect simulation --- priority system --- marked Markov arrival process --- phase-type distribution --- change of the priority --- dispatching --- heterogeneous servers --- Markov decision process --- policy-iteration algorithm --- mean number of customers --- decomposable semi-regenerative process --- multiple power series distribution --- integral limit theorem --- local limit theorem --- Tauberian lemma --- R-weakly one-sided oscillation of the multiple sequence at infinity along the given multiple sequence --- pension schemes --- balance equation --- gross premium --- premium load --- lump sum --- defined contribution pension schemes --- decrement tables --- robustness --- minimax approach --- stable estimation

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This book provides a collection of comprehensive research articles on data analytics and applications of wearable devices in healthcare. This Special Issue presents 28 research studies from 137 authors representing 37 institutions from 19 countries. To facilitate the understanding of the research articles, we have organized the book to show various aspects covered in this field, such as eHealth, technology-integrated research, prediction models, rehabilitation studies, prototype systems, community health studies, ergonomics design systems, technology acceptance model evaluation studies, telemonitoring systems, warning systems, application of sensors in sports studies, clinical systems, feasibility studies, geographical location based systems, tracking systems, observational studies, risk assessment studies, human activity recognition systems, impact measurement systems, and a systematic review. We would like to take this opportunity to invite high quality research articles for our next Special Issue entitled “Digital Health and Smart Sensors for Better Management of Cancer and Chronic Diseases” as a part of Sensors journal.

Humanities --- Social interaction --- eHealth --- wearable --- monitoring --- services --- integration --- IoT --- Telemedicine --- wearable sensors --- multivariate analysis --- longitudinal study --- functional decline --- exercise intervention --- accidental falls --- fall detection --- real-world --- signal analysis --- performance measures --- non-wearable sensors --- accelerometers --- cameras --- machine learning --- smart textiles --- healthcare --- talking detection --- activity recognition and monitoring --- patient health and state monitoring --- wearable sensing --- orientation-invariant sensing --- motion sensors --- accelerometer --- gyroscope --- magnetometer --- pattern classification --- artificial intelligence --- supervised machine learning --- predictive analytics --- hemodialysis --- non-contact sensor --- heart rate --- respiration rate --- heart rate variability --- time-domain features --- frequency-domain features --- principal component analysis --- behaviour analysis --- classifier efficiency --- personal risk detection --- one-class classification --- actigraphy --- encoding --- data compression --- denoising --- edge computing --- signal processing --- wearables --- activity monitoring --- citizen science --- cluster analysis --- physical activity --- sedentary behavior --- walking --- energy expenditure --- wearable device --- impedance pneumography --- neural network --- mechanocardiogram (MCG) --- smart clothes --- heart failure (HF) --- left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) --- technology acceptance model (TAM) --- physical activity classification --- free-living --- GENEactiv accelerometer --- Gaussian mixture model --- hidden Markov model --- wavelets --- skill assessment --- deep learning --- LSTM --- state space model --- probabilistic inference --- latent features --- human activity recognition --- MIMU --- genetic algorithm --- feature selection --- classifier optimization --- bispectrum --- entropy --- feature extraction --- heat stroke --- filtering algorithm --- physiological parameters --- exercise experiment --- biomedical signal processing --- wearable biomedical sensors --- wireless sensor network --- respiratory monitoring --- optoelectronic plethysmography --- biofeedback --- biomedical technology --- exercise therapy --- orthopedics --- mobile health --- qualitative --- human factors --- inertial measurement unit --- disease prevention --- occupational healthcare --- P-Ergonomics --- precision ergonomics --- musculoskeletal disorders --- wellbeing at work --- electrocardiogram --- conductive gels --- noncontact electrode --- myocardial ischemia --- pacemaker --- ventricular premature contraction --- upper extremity --- motion --- action research arm test --- activities of daily living --- IoT wearable monitor --- health --- posture analysis --- spinal posture --- wearable sensor --- embedded system --- recurrent neural networks --- physical workload --- wearable systems for healthcare --- machine learning for real-time applications --- actigraph --- body worn sensors --- clothing sensors --- cross correlation analysis --- healthcare movement sensing --- wearable devices --- calibration --- inertial measurement units --- human movement --- physical activity type --- real-life --- GPS --- GIS --- n/a

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The aim of this Special Issue of Mathematics is to commemorate the outstanding Russian mathematician Vladimir Zolotarev, whose 90th birthday will be celebrated on February 27th, 2021. The present Special Issue contains a collection of new papers by participants in sessions of the International Seminar on Stability Problems for Stochastic Models founded by Zolotarev. Along with research in probability distributions theory, limit theorems of probability theory, stochastic processes, mathematical statistics, and queuing theory, this collection contains papers dealing with applications of stochastic models in modeling of pension schemes, modeling of extreme precipitation, construction of statistical indicators of scientific publication importance, and other fields.

continuous-time Markov chains --- non-stationary Markovian queueing model --- stability --- perturbation bounds --- forward Kolmogorov system --- threshold processing --- random samples --- long-term dependence --- mean-square risk estimate --- integrals and sums --- rates of convergence --- conditional law of large numbers --- conditional central limit theorem --- stochastic differential observation system --- nonlinear filtering problem --- state-dependent observation noise --- numerical filtering algorithm --- filtering given time-discretized observations --- stable approximation --- approximation accuracy --- Rényi theorem --- Kantorovich distance --- zeta-metrics --- Stein’s method --- stationary renewal distribution --- equilibrium transform --- geometric random sum --- characteristic function --- precipitation --- limit theorems --- statistical test --- generalized negative binomial distribution --- generalized gamma distribution --- asymptotic approximations --- extreme order statistics --- random sample size --- slowly varying --- monotony in the Zygmund sense --- class Γa(g) --- self-neglecting function --- convergence rates --- citation distribution --- Hirsch index --- geometric distribution --- Sibuya distribution --- geometrically stable distribution --- generalized Linnik distribution --- random sum --- transfer theorem --- multivariate normal scale mixtures --- heavy-tailed distributions --- multivariate stable distribution --- multivariate Linnik distribution --- generalized Mittag–Leffler distribution --- multivariate generalized Mittag–Leffler distribution --- stable distribution --- probability density function --- distribution function --- Hankel contours --- multivariate stable processes --- contour integrals --- fractional laplacian --- second order expansions --- high-dimensional --- low sample size --- Laplace distribution --- Student’s t-distribution --- pareto mixture distribution --- multiserver system --- uniform distance --- perfect simulation --- priority system --- marked Markov arrival process --- phase-type distribution --- change of the priority --- dispatching --- heterogeneous servers --- Markov decision process --- policy-iteration algorithm --- mean number of customers --- decomposable semi-regenerative process --- multiple power series distribution --- integral limit theorem --- local limit theorem --- Tauberian lemma --- R-weakly one-sided oscillation of the multiple sequence at infinity along the given multiple sequence --- pension schemes --- balance equation --- gross premium --- premium load --- lump sum --- defined contribution pension schemes --- decrement tables --- robustness --- minimax approach --- stable estimation

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The global electric car fleet exceeded 7 million battery electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles in 2019, and will continue to increase in the future, as electrification is an important means of decreasing the greenhouse gas emissions of the transportation sector. The energy storage system is a very central component of the electric vehicle. The storage system needs to be cost-competitive, light, efficient, safe, and reliable, and to occupy little space and last for a long time. It should also be produced and disposed of in an environmentally friendly manner. This leaves many research challenges, and the purpose of this book is therefore to provide a platform for sharing the latest findings on energy storage systems for electric vehicles (electric cars, buses, aircraft, ships, etc.) Research in energy storage systems requires several sciences working together, and this book therefore include contributions from many different disciplines; this covers a wide range of topics, e.g. battery-management systems, state-of-charge and state-of-health estimation, thermal-battery-management systems, power electronics for energy storage devices, battery aging modelling, battery reuse and recycling, etc.

History of engineering & technology --- lithium-ion batteries --- non-aqueous electrolyte --- nitrile-based solvents --- butyronitrile --- SEI forming additives --- fast charging --- power batteries --- improved second-order RC equivalent circuit --- fuzzy unscented Kalman filtering algorithm --- joint estimation --- electric bus --- battery --- energy efficiency --- environmental conditions --- hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) --- battery life --- multi-objective energy management --- adaptive equivalent consumption minimization strategy (A-ECMS) --- pontryagin’s minimum principle (PMP) --- particle swarm optimization (PSO) --- recurrent-neural-network (RNN) --- fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle --- least squares support vector machines (LSSVM) --- driving conditions identification --- power distribution --- electric vehicle --- lithium-ion battery --- estimation --- Kalman filter --- state-of-charge --- state-of-health --- resistance --- open-circuit voltage --- battery capacity --- battery modelling and simulation --- battery testing cycler --- battery thermal model --- lithium-ion polymer battery --- SLI battery --- dual-motor energy recovery --- regenerative braking system --- CVT speed ratio control --- motor minimum loss --- energy consumption and efficiency characteristics --- braking force distribution --- oil–electric–hydraulic hybrid system --- lowest instantaneous energy costs --- energy management --- global optimization --- retired batteries --- energy storage applications --- layered bidirectional equalization --- equalization algorithm --- state of charge --- available capacity --- adaptive model-based algorithm --- square root cubature Kalman filter --- li-ion battery --- performance degradation modelling --- electrified propulsion --- battery sizing --- powertrain optimization --- optimal energy management --- heat and mass transfer --- thermal analysis --- Lithium-ion battery --- micro-channel cooling plate --- battery thermal management --- MeshWorks --- CFD --- diffusion induced stress --- hydrostatic stress influence on diffusion --- electrode particle model --- battery mechanical aging --- coulomb counting --- open circuit voltage --- state of health --- temperature --- new energy vehicle --- power battery --- battery reusing --- echelon utilization --- battery recycling --- electric vehicles --- electro-hydraulic braking --- braking intention --- mode switching --- torque coordinated control --- Electric Truck Simulator --- Electric Vehicle (EV) --- Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) --- Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) --- least-energy routing algorithm --- EV batteries --- metric evaluation --- AC–AC converters --- battery chargers --- power conversion harmonics --- wireless power transmission --- electrochemical–thermal model --- artificial intelligence --- artificial neural networks --- hybrid vehicles --- state-of-charge estimation (SOC) --- linear quadratic estimator --- lithium ion battery --- iron phosphate --- cell expansion --- force --- lithium-ion cobalt battery --- state of energy --- adaptive EKF SOC estimation --- linear observer SOC estimation --- MATLAB --- Simscape --- electric buses --- thermal energy storage --- latent heat storage --- metallic phase change material --- cabin heating --- fuel cell --- automated guided vehicle --- hybrid energy storage system --- model-based design --- waveforms modeling --- autoregressive models of nonstationary signals

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The global electric car fleet exceeded 7 million battery electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles in 2019, and will continue to increase in the future, as electrification is an important means of decreasing the greenhouse gas emissions of the transportation sector. The energy storage system is a very central component of the electric vehicle. The storage system needs to be cost-competitive, light, efficient, safe, and reliable, and to occupy little space and last for a long time. It should also be produced and disposed of in an environmentally friendly manner. This leaves many research challenges, and the purpose of this book is therefore to provide a platform for sharing the latest findings on energy storage systems for electric vehicles (electric cars, buses, aircraft, ships, etc.) Research in energy storage systems requires several sciences working together, and this book therefore include contributions from many different disciplines; this covers a wide range of topics, e.g. battery-management systems, state-of-charge and state-of-health estimation, thermal-battery-management systems, power electronics for energy storage devices, battery aging modelling, battery reuse and recycling, etc.

lithium-ion batteries --- non-aqueous electrolyte --- nitrile-based solvents --- butyronitrile --- SEI forming additives --- fast charging --- power batteries --- improved second-order RC equivalent circuit --- fuzzy unscented Kalman filtering algorithm --- joint estimation --- electric bus --- battery --- energy efficiency --- environmental conditions --- hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) --- battery life --- multi-objective energy management --- adaptive equivalent consumption minimization strategy (A-ECMS) --- pontryagin’s minimum principle (PMP) --- particle swarm optimization (PSO) --- recurrent-neural-network (RNN) --- fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle --- least squares support vector machines (LSSVM) --- driving conditions identification --- power distribution --- electric vehicle --- lithium-ion battery --- estimation --- Kalman filter --- state-of-charge --- state-of-health --- resistance --- open-circuit voltage --- battery capacity --- battery modelling and simulation --- battery testing cycler --- battery thermal model --- lithium-ion polymer battery --- SLI battery --- dual-motor energy recovery --- regenerative braking system --- CVT speed ratio control --- motor minimum loss --- energy consumption and efficiency characteristics --- braking force distribution --- oil–electric–hydraulic hybrid system --- lowest instantaneous energy costs --- energy management --- global optimization --- retired batteries --- energy storage applications --- layered bidirectional equalization --- equalization algorithm --- state of charge --- available capacity --- adaptive model-based algorithm --- square root cubature Kalman filter --- li-ion battery --- performance degradation modelling --- electrified propulsion --- battery sizing --- powertrain optimization --- optimal energy management --- heat and mass transfer --- thermal analysis --- Lithium-ion battery --- micro-channel cooling plate --- battery thermal management --- MeshWorks --- CFD --- diffusion induced stress --- hydrostatic stress influence on diffusion --- electrode particle model --- battery mechanical aging --- coulomb counting --- open circuit voltage --- state of health --- temperature --- new energy vehicle --- power battery --- battery reusing --- echelon utilization --- battery recycling --- electric vehicles --- electro-hydraulic braking --- braking intention --- mode switching --- torque coordinated control --- Electric Truck Simulator --- Electric Vehicle (EV) --- Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) --- Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) --- least-energy routing algorithm --- EV batteries --- metric evaluation --- AC–AC converters --- battery chargers --- power conversion harmonics --- wireless power transmission --- electrochemical–thermal model --- artificial intelligence --- artificial neural networks --- hybrid vehicles --- state-of-charge estimation (SOC) --- linear quadratic estimator --- lithium ion battery --- iron phosphate --- cell expansion --- force --- lithium-ion cobalt battery --- state of energy --- adaptive EKF SOC estimation --- linear observer SOC estimation --- MATLAB --- Simscape --- electric buses --- thermal energy storage --- latent heat storage --- metallic phase change material --- cabin heating --- fuel cell --- automated guided vehicle --- hybrid energy storage system --- model-based design --- waveforms modeling --- autoregressive models of nonstationary signals