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This reprint is a printed version of the Special Issue, entitled “Orchid Biochemistry 2.0”, one literature review, and nine original research articles were published, and the Special Issue provides further insight into several critical subtopics, including reproduction biology, functional genomics in secondary metabolites, as well as polysaccharides and orchid mycorrhizae.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- terpene synthase --- terpenes --- methyl jasmonate --- abiotic stress --- orchids --- anthocyanin --- MYB2 --- orchid --- Dendrobium bigibbum --- γ-irradiation --- orchid mycorrhiza --- plant hormone --- symbiosis germination --- gene expression --- acetyl groups --- Dendrobium officinale --- REDUCED WALL ACETYLATION --- endoplasmic reticulum --- floral volatiles --- geraniol --- MEP pathway --- amino acids --- female reproductive success --- pollinaria removal --- natural selection --- plant-pollinator interactions --- sugars --- AP2 transcription factor --- development --- dual-luciferase reporter gene system --- Orchidaceae --- evolution --- phylogenetic tree --- DROOPING LEAF --- flower development --- YABBY transcription factors --- floral display --- fruiting --- marsh helleborine --- nectar amino acids --- nectar sugars --- n/a

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Pollination and Floral Ecology is the most comprehensive single-volume reference to all aspects of pollination biology--and the first fully up-to-date resource of its kind to appear in decades. This beautifully illustrated book describes how flowers use colors, shapes, and scents to advertise themselves; how they offer pollen and nectar as rewards; and how they share complex interactions with beetles, birds, bats, bees, and other creatures. The ecology of these interactions is covered in depth, including the timing and patterning of flowering, competition among flowering plants to attract certain visitors and deter others, and the many ways plants and animals can cheat each other. Pollination and Floral Ecology pays special attention to the prevalence of specialization and generalization in animal-flower interactions, and examines how a lack of distinction between casual visitors and true pollinators can produce misleading conclusions about flower evolution and animal-flower mutualism. This one-of-a-kind reference also gives insights into the vital pollination services that animals provide to crops and native flora, and sets these issues in the context of today's global pollination crisis. Provides the most up-to-date resource on pollination and floral ecology Describes flower advertising features and rewards, foraging and learning by flower-visiting animals, behaviors of generalist and specialist pollinators--and more Examines the ecology and evolution of animal-flower interactions, from the molecular to macroevolutionary scale Features hundreds of color and black-and-white illustrations

Pollination --- Pollination by insects --- Pollination by animals --- Plant ecology --- Pollinisation --- Pollination. --- Pollination by insects. --- Pollination by animals. --- Plant ecology. --- Pollinisation par les insectes --- Pollinisation par les animaux --- Ecologie végétale --- Insect pollination --- Pollinization --- Botany --- Plants --- Ecology --- Animal-plant relationships --- Fertilization of plants by insects --- Fertilization of plants --- Flowers --- Phanerogams --- Pollen --- Self-incompatibility --- Pollinisation. --- Phytoecology --- Vegetation ecology --- Floristic ecology --- Diptera. --- Lepidoptera. --- Megachiroptera. --- Microchiroptera. --- abiotic pollination. --- advertisement. --- amphibian. --- anemophilous plant. --- anemophily. --- angiosperm. --- animal pollination. --- animal. --- animals. --- animalЦlower interaction. --- ant. --- bat pollination. --- bats. --- bee pollination. --- bee. --- bees. --- beetle. --- behavior. --- bird pollination. --- birds. --- bumblebee. --- butterfly. --- carrion fly. --- chiropterophily. --- color vision. --- conifer. --- cost. --- cross-fertilization. --- cross-pollination. --- diversification. --- ectotherm vertebrate. --- feeding apparatus. --- fish. --- floral color. --- floral constancy. --- floral design. --- floral display. --- floral divergence. --- floral odor. --- floral pigment. --- floral scent. --- floral sex. --- floral shape. --- floral signal. --- floral size. --- floral tissue. --- floral variation. --- flower evolution. --- flower morphology. --- flower pollination. --- flower visitor. --- flower. --- flowering. --- flowers. --- flowerаollinator interaction. --- fly pollination. --- foraging behavior. --- generalist flower. --- generalist visitor. --- grasshopper. --- hawkmoth. --- honeybee. --- hoverfly. --- hummingbird. --- hydrophily. --- inflorescence. --- insect. --- invertebrate. --- learning. --- marsupial. --- melittophily. --- monkey. --- mutualism. --- nectar biology. --- nectar concentration. --- nectar gathering. --- nectar guide. --- nectar production. --- nectar secretion. --- nectar volume. --- nectar. --- nectary. --- nonflying mammal. --- nonflying vertebrate. --- odor learning. --- oil. --- olfaction. --- olfactory signal. --- ornithophily. --- perching bird. --- phalaenophily. --- plant diversity. --- plant fertilization. --- plant mating. --- plant pollination. --- plant reproduction. --- plant sex. --- plant speciation. --- plant. --- plants. --- pollen biology. --- pollen competition. --- pollen eating. --- pollen gathering. --- pollen packaging. --- pollen. --- pollination biology. --- pollination ecology. --- pollination syndromes. --- pollination. --- pollinator effectiveness. --- pollinator. --- psychophily. --- reproductive isolation. --- resin. --- reward. --- scent. --- selection. --- self-fertilization. --- selfing. --- sexual function. --- sociality. --- specialist flower. --- specialization. --- speciation. --- sphingophily. --- stigmatic exudate. --- thrip. --- visitation pattern. --- visual signal. --- wasp. --- wax. --- wind pollination.