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The new frontier of pharmaceutical sciences is gene therapy, which is the use of molecules able to interact directly with the expression of the genetic material of the patient as well as of the disease-causing guest (bacteria, virus, parasites, and tumor cells). Among the molecules of interest for gene therapy, a relevant role is played by small interfering RNA (siRNA) molecules able to interfere with the expression of genes of interest for some diseases. However, siRNA molecules, even if they are powerful as drugs, are difficult to deliver since they are sensitive to enzymes present in plasma and they are large and negatively charged, so are difficult to administer into the cell nuclei, since the cell walls are scarcely permeable to large molecules and are also negatively charged. Therefore, the focus of research on siRNA-based therapies is their delivery, which can be performed by chemical modification, association with aptamers or polycations, or embedding them into properly designed liposomes. This book is centered on the more recent development in siRNA delivery techniques toward the clinical applications of this potent class of drugs.

Medicine --- oligonucleotide delivery --- light-activated release --- intracellular release --- liposome --- indocyanine green --- drug co-delivery --- methotrexate --- siRNA --- antitumor effect --- mixed micelles --- targeted delivery system --- cationic liposome --- folate --- folate receptor --- cationic cholesterol derivative --- siRNA delivery --- gene knockdown --- tumor-targeting --- VEGFA --- VEGFR1 --- endoglin --- peptide --- angiogenesis --- gene silencing --- migration --- proliferation --- endothelial cells --- RNAi therapeutics --- amphiphilic dendrons --- PAMAM dendrimers --- self-assembling --- nanovectors --- covalent dendrimers --- NABDs --- liposomes --- clinical trials --- drug delivery --- nanoparticle --- carbonate apatite --- ERBB2 --- AKT --- breast cancer --- ovarian cancer --- polymer --- lipid --- delivery --- poly(ethylene) imine --- PEI --- RNA --- tyrosine-modification --- tumor xenograft --- magnetic nanoparticle --- iron oxide --- BCL2 --- BIRC5/survivin --- oral cancer --- aptamers --- cancer --- nanoparticles --- STAT6 --- polyaspartamide --- pegylation --- polyamine --- polyplexes --- asthma --- n/a

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The new frontier of pharmaceutical sciences is gene therapy, which is the use of molecules able to interact directly with the expression of the genetic material of the patient as well as of the disease-causing guest (bacteria, virus, parasites, and tumor cells). Among the molecules of interest for gene therapy, a relevant role is played by small interfering RNA (siRNA) molecules able to interfere with the expression of genes of interest for some diseases. However, siRNA molecules, even if they are powerful as drugs, are difficult to deliver since they are sensitive to enzymes present in plasma and they are large and negatively charged, so are difficult to administer into the cell nuclei, since the cell walls are scarcely permeable to large molecules and are also negatively charged. Therefore, the focus of research on siRNA-based therapies is their delivery, which can be performed by chemical modification, association with aptamers or polycations, or embedding them into properly designed liposomes. This book is centered on the more recent development in siRNA delivery techniques toward the clinical applications of this potent class of drugs.

oligonucleotide delivery --- light-activated release --- intracellular release --- liposome --- indocyanine green --- drug co-delivery --- methotrexate --- siRNA --- antitumor effect --- mixed micelles --- targeted delivery system --- cationic liposome --- folate --- folate receptor --- cationic cholesterol derivative --- siRNA delivery --- gene knockdown --- tumor-targeting --- VEGFA --- VEGFR1 --- endoglin --- peptide --- angiogenesis --- gene silencing --- migration --- proliferation --- endothelial cells --- RNAi therapeutics --- amphiphilic dendrons --- PAMAM dendrimers --- self-assembling --- nanovectors --- covalent dendrimers --- NABDs --- liposomes --- clinical trials --- drug delivery --- nanoparticle --- carbonate apatite --- ERBB2 --- AKT --- breast cancer --- ovarian cancer --- polymer --- lipid --- delivery --- poly(ethylene) imine --- PEI --- RNA --- tyrosine-modification --- tumor xenograft --- magnetic nanoparticle --- iron oxide --- BCL2 --- BIRC5/survivin --- oral cancer --- aptamers --- cancer --- nanoparticles --- STAT6 --- polyaspartamide --- pegylation --- polyamine --- polyplexes --- asthma --- n/a

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This collection of articles provides an overview of the current and future methods for applying a personalized medicine approach to the diagnosis, management, and treatment of autism spectrum disorder.

Medicine --- Neurosciences --- fecal metabolites --- ASD --- microbiome --- gastrointestinal symptoms --- Fisher Discriminant Analysis --- digital biomarkers --- wearables --- time series analysis --- autism --- social dyads --- socio-motor parameters --- network connectivity --- non-linear complex dynamics --- stochastic analysis --- autism spectrum disorders --- copy number variants --- females --- Array-Comparative Genomic Hybridization (Array-CGH) --- autism spectrum disorder --- Ehlers-Danlos syndrome --- hypermobility spectrum disorders --- autonomic disorder --- mast cell activation syndrome --- genetic testing --- chromosomal microarray analysis --- whole exome sequencing --- whole genome sequencing --- clinical utility --- polygenic risk scores --- Temple Grandin --- biomarker --- omics --- precision medicine --- proteomics --- transcriptomics --- epigenetics --- metabolomics --- patient stratification --- mitochondria --- oxidative stress --- prenatal environment --- immune dysfunction --- immunoglobulin G --- intravenous immunoglobulin --- energy metabolism --- fatty acid oxidation --- acyl-carnitines --- resveratrol --- integrative --- model --- concomitant --- condition --- disorder --- autism spectrum disorder (ASD) --- genomics --- personalized treatment strategy --- single nucleotide polymorphisms --- clinical decision support tool --- ADHD --- PANDAS --- OCD --- anxiety --- folate receptor alpha --- folates --- pregnancy --- brain development --- fetal development --- cobalamin --- glutathione --- methylation --- methylcobalamin --- redox metabolism --- locked-in network syndrome --- resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging --- temporal lobe epilepsy --- amygdala --- brain --- COVID-19 --- children --- cytokines --- flavonoids --- inflammation --- luteolin --- mast cells --- microglia --- SARS-CoV-2 --- stress --- nutraceuticals --- survey --- vitamins --- minerals --- B12 --- folinic acid --- quality of life --- parents --- intervention --- systematic review --- medical claims --- logistic regression analysis --- retrospective analysis --- associated risk --- monoamine neurotransmitters --- neurotransmitter deficiency --- cerebral folate deficiency --- folate receptor alpha autoantibodies --- leucovorin --- α-amylase --- cortisol --- heart rate variability --- neuromodulation --- sleep anxiety --- transdermal electrical neuromodulation --- neurostimulation --- n/a

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This collection of articles provides an overview of the current and future methods for applying a personalized medicine approach to the diagnosis, management, and treatment of autism spectrum disorder.

fecal metabolites --- ASD --- microbiome --- gastrointestinal symptoms --- Fisher Discriminant Analysis --- digital biomarkers --- wearables --- time series analysis --- autism --- social dyads --- socio-motor parameters --- network connectivity --- non-linear complex dynamics --- stochastic analysis --- autism spectrum disorders --- copy number variants --- females --- Array-Comparative Genomic Hybridization (Array-CGH) --- autism spectrum disorder --- Ehlers-Danlos syndrome --- hypermobility spectrum disorders --- autonomic disorder --- mast cell activation syndrome --- genetic testing --- chromosomal microarray analysis --- whole exome sequencing --- whole genome sequencing --- clinical utility --- polygenic risk scores --- Temple Grandin --- biomarker --- omics --- precision medicine --- proteomics --- transcriptomics --- epigenetics --- metabolomics --- patient stratification --- mitochondria --- oxidative stress --- prenatal environment --- immune dysfunction --- immunoglobulin G --- intravenous immunoglobulin --- energy metabolism --- fatty acid oxidation --- acyl-carnitines --- resveratrol --- integrative --- model --- concomitant --- condition --- disorder --- autism spectrum disorder (ASD) --- genomics --- personalized treatment strategy --- single nucleotide polymorphisms --- clinical decision support tool --- ADHD --- PANDAS --- OCD --- anxiety --- folate receptor alpha --- folates --- pregnancy --- brain development --- fetal development --- cobalamin --- glutathione --- methylation --- methylcobalamin --- redox metabolism --- locked-in network syndrome --- resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging --- temporal lobe epilepsy --- amygdala --- brain --- COVID-19 --- children --- cytokines --- flavonoids --- inflammation --- luteolin --- mast cells --- microglia --- SARS-CoV-2 --- stress --- nutraceuticals --- survey --- vitamins --- minerals --- B12 --- folinic acid --- quality of life --- parents --- intervention --- systematic review --- medical claims --- logistic regression analysis --- retrospective analysis --- associated risk --- monoamine neurotransmitters --- neurotransmitter deficiency --- cerebral folate deficiency --- folate receptor alpha autoantibodies --- leucovorin --- α-amylase --- cortisol --- heart rate variability --- neuromodulation --- sleep anxiety --- transdermal electrical neuromodulation --- neurostimulation --- n/a

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The purpose of this Special Issue “The Role of Nutrition in Cardiometabolic Health: Experimental, Clinical, and Community-Based Evidence” is to publish a focused, coherent, impactful, and well-cited volume on how nutrition influences diverse cardiometabolic risk factors. Cardiometabolic diseases, such as coronary heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and obesity, is the leading cause of death worldwide. In recent years, dietary habits have shifted all over the globe. At the same time, a constantly growing body of evidence demonstrates the role of caloric intake and dietary composition as determinants of cardiometabolic health. Suboptimal diet predisposes to a myriad of cardiometabolic risk factors such as impaired glucose metabolism, insulin resistance, dyslipidaemias, and high blood pressure.

Medicine --- vitamin D --- obesity --- microvascular --- bariatric surgery --- weight loss --- nitric oxide --- cardiac remodeling --- cardiac dysfunction --- echocardiogram --- obese rats --- high-fat high-sugar diet --- vascular stiffness --- blood pressure --- whey protein isolate --- older adults --- dietary factor --- cardiovascular disease --- umbrella review --- low-carbohydrate diet --- hypocaloric --- isocaloric --- women health --- conduit artery --- microvasculature --- cardiovascular risks --- primary prevention --- homocysteine --- folate --- vitamin B12 --- vascular dysfunction --- hepatocyte --- TGR5 --- glucose regulation --- homocysteine and vascular disease --- H3K27me3 --- epigenetics --- atherosclerosis --- MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) --- liver --- metabolic regulation --- laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy --- micronutrients --- deficiency --- body mass index --- cardiotonic steroids --- left ventricular mass --- marinobufagenin --- dietary salt intake --- young adults