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This reprint presents the current state of knowledge and the latest advances in the development of microstructure and material properties using modern FSP (Friction Stir Processing) and related technologies such as FSW (Friction Stir Welding). The chapters of this reprint contain valuable results of research on changes in the microstructure and properties of materials caused by the use of the above technologies. Detailed analysis of these results allowed for the formulation of constructive conclusions of scientific and technological importance. The issues described in here present a significant cognitive and application potential and indicate the problems and implementation challenges faced by users of FSP and related technologies.

Technology: general issues --- stir casting --- boron carbide --- silicon carbide --- AA6061 aluminium alloy --- tensile strength --- friction stir welding --- bobbin tool --- AA1050-H14 --- pin geometry --- travel speed --- welding temperature --- mechanical properties --- groove joint design --- gas tungsten arc welding --- 2205 DSS --- friction stir lap welding --- definitive screening design (DSD) --- tensile shear load --- tool penetration depth --- plunge depth --- friction stir deposition --- solid-state additive manufacturing --- AA2011-T6 and AA2011-O --- AA2011 aluminum alloy --- microstructure --- intermetallics --- hardness --- Friction stir spot welding --- low-carbon steel --- brass --- load-carrying capacity --- dissimilar friction stir welding --- tool penetration depth (TPD) --- intermetallic compound (IMC) thickness --- process parameter --- friction stir processing --- 7075 aluminum alloy --- air cooling --- jet cooling nozzle --- microstructure evolution --- tribological properties --- aluminum alloys --- AA6082 --- friction stir spot welding --- n/a

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Friction stir welding (FSW) is considered to be the most significant development in metal joining in decades and, in addition, is a ""green"" technology due to its energy efficiency, environmental friendliness, and versatility. This process offers a number of advantages over conventional joining processes. Furthermore, because welding occurs via the deformation of material at temperatures below the melting temperature, many problems commonly associated with joining of dissimilar alloys can be avoided, and thus, high-quality welds are produced. Due to this fact, FSW has been widely used in different industrial applications where metallurgical characteristics should be retained, such as in the aeronautic, naval, and automotive industries.

n/a --- microstructure --- material flow --- stainless steel --- materials position --- friction stir processing --- surface composites --- material orientation --- high nitrogen steel --- force–deflection model --- FSW --- mechanical properties --- FSW process --- dissimilar metal welding --- lognormal distribution --- grain orientation --- dissimilar joints --- friction-stir welding --- pin shapes --- deflection compensation control --- plunge depth control --- process analysis --- high-temperature softening materials --- Al/Fe dissimilar joining --- post-weld heat treatment --- aluminum alloy --- abnormal grain growth --- particle distribution --- intermetallic compounds --- non-equilibrium segregation --- microstructure analysis --- tilt angle --- Vickers microhardness --- the rotational speeds --- adaptive control --- offset position control --- friction stir spot welding --- friction --- plunge depth --- mechanical strength --- mechanical behaviour --- dissimilar welded joints --- friction stir welding --- Fe-containing constituents --- high rotation speed friction stir welding --- force-deflection model

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The plastic forming of metallic materials is the most efficient and an important manufacturing technology in today's industry. Lightweight materials, such as titanium alloys, aluminum alloys, and ultra-high-strength steels, are used extensively in the automotive, aerospace, transportation, and construction industries, leading to increased demand for advanced innovative forming technologies. Today, numeric simulations are highly focused and provide a better understanding of the innovative forming processes. Computational methods and numerical analysis coupled with the modelling of the structural evolution allow us to reduce time costs and eliminate experimental tests. The subjects of research articles published in this nook are multidisciplinary, including friction and lubrication in sheet metal forming, hot strip rolling and tandem strip rolling, application of numeric methods to simulate metal forming processes, development of new creep performance materials, the single point incremental forming process, and the fatigue fracture characteristics of Alclad 7075-T6 aluminum alloy sheets joined by refill friction stir spot welding. Review articles summarize the approaches on the innovative numerical algorithms, experimental methods, and theoretical contributions that have recently been proposed for sheet metal forming by researchers and business research centers.

History of engineering & technology --- electromagnetically assisted forming --- springback control --- numerical simulation --- modified 9Cr-2W steel --- B content --- phase transformation --- texture --- heat treatment --- coefficient of friction --- deep drawing --- draw bead --- material properties --- sheet metal forming --- surface properties --- drawbead --- FEM --- friction --- numerical modeling --- mechanical engineering --- stamping process --- bending under tension --- friction testing --- strip drawing --- tribology --- tandem skew rolling --- seamless tube --- magnesium alloy --- deformation behavior --- high strength steel --- asymmetric rolling --- aluminum alloy --- planar anisotropy --- mechanical properties --- microstructures --- truncated cone --- incremental sheet forming --- SPIF --- bending under tension test --- BUT --- aircraft industry --- aluminium alloy --- friction stir spot welding --- single-lap joints --- bending force prediction --- hot strip rolling (HSR) --- comparative assessment --- machine learning --- regression --- electromagnetic forming --- finite element method --- flexible-die forming --- flow-forming --- metal forming --- plastic working --- solid granular medium forming --- spinning --- warm forming --- n/a

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The combination of distinct materials is a key issue in modern industry, whereas the driving concept is to design parts with the right material in the right place. In this framework, a great deal of attention is directed towards dissimilar welding and joining technologies. In the automotive sector, for instance, the concept of “tailored blanks”, introduced in the last decade, has further highlighted the necessity to weld dissimilar materials. As far as the aeronautic field is concerned, most structures are built combining very different materials and alloys, in order to match lightweight and structural performance requirements. In this framework, the application of fusion welding techniques, namely, tungsten inert gas or laser welding, is quite challenging due to the difference in physical properties, in particular the melting point, between adjoining materials. On the other hand, solid-state welding methods, such as the friction stir welding as well as linear friction welding processes, have already proved to be capable of manufacturing sound Al-Cu, Al-Ti, Al-SS, and Al-Mg joints, to cite but a few. Recently, promising results have also been obtained using hybrid methods. Considering the novelty of the topic, many relevant issues are still open, and many research groups are continuously publishing valuable results. The aim of this book is to finalize the latest contributions on this topic.

n/a --- microstructure --- internal supports --- aging treatment --- Rare earth --- cloud of particles --- joining area --- Al/steel dissimilar materials --- welding-brazing --- dual-beam laser welding --- jet --- tensile --- aluminum-steel butt joint --- crack growth path --- spooling process tape --- lobe curve --- dissimilar metal welded joint --- electrical properties --- filler metals --- EBSD phase mapping --- dissimilar materials welding --- FSW --- mechanical properties --- dissimilar --- tubular joints --- optimal design --- hardness --- AISI 316L --- welding window --- fracture resistance --- tensile resistance --- dissimilar Ti6Al4V/AA6060 lap joint --- arc assisted laser method --- dissimilar metal welding --- dissimilar joints --- pulsed Nd:YAG laser --- solid state welding --- DP1000 steel --- cross-section adjustment --- fracture load --- pulsed Nd:YAG laser beam welding --- aluminum --- interface --- phase potential --- dissimilar weld --- failure mode --- Ag-Cu-Zn --- aluminum alloy --- copper --- intermetallic compounds --- electromagnetic pulse welding --- laser beam welding --- ageing --- dissimilar metals --- steel/aluminum joint --- side-by-side configuration --- friction stir spot welding --- interfacial crack initiation --- laser welding --- spatial beam oscillation --- magnetic pulse welding --- surface activation --- DeltaSpot welding --- tensile properties --- friction stir spot brazing --- friction stir welding --- steel/Al joint --- 1050 aluminum alloy --- local strength mismatch --- Inconel 625