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Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common adverse medical conditions that occurs during pregnancy, and its prevalence is rising as part of a diabetes pandemic. Nutrition plays a key role in GDM, whether (1) as part of an ‘unhealthy’ diet, which contributes to its cause, or (2) as part of changes in dietary intake, which act as the frontline treatment for GDM (sometimes supplemented with exercise and pharmacological intervention). Dietary changes, therefore, can alter the risk of developing GDM in the first place, and once GDM has emerged during pregnancy, dietary changes can mitigate the risk of developing GDM-related complications, such as macrosomia, respiratory distress, hypoglycemia and jaundice in the neonate, pre eclampsia, increased need for caesarean section and placental abruption in the mother. In this Special Issue, we aim to highlight the role of nutrition in the aetiology of GDM, whether directly or indirectly through weight gain and obesity, and in its role as a GDM treatment to lower hyperglycemia and the risk of the aforementioned complications.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Food & society --- microbiome --- pregnancy --- obesity --- ketonuria --- Roseburia --- diet --- food frequency questionnaire --- glucose --- insulin secretion --- human milk --- breastfeeding --- gestational diabetes mellitus --- insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus --- preterm newborn --- gestational diabetes --- dietary patterns --- maternal nutrition --- dietary adaptations --- glycemic index --- postprandial glycemic response --- blood glucose prediction --- diabetes --- gestational weight gain --- macrosomia --- adiposity --- neonate --- exercise --- physical activity --- dietary carbohydrates --- diabetes-specific formula --- continuous glucose monitoring --- glycemic variability --- carbohydrate distribution --- mean amplitude of glucose --- breakfast diet --- platelet-activating factor --- tumor necrosis factor α --- methylglyoxal --- glycated albumin --- endocrine disruptors --- endocrine-disrupting chemicals --- bisphenol A --- BPA --- phthalates --- pregnancy outcomes --- eating speed --- cohort study --- prevention --- nutrition --- polyphenolic compounds --- bioactive compounds --- leptin resistance --- inflammation --- Mediterranean diet --- n/a

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Dairy foods make up an important part of the diets of billions of people across the globe. The nutrient composition of dairy foods adds significantly to a healthy diet, as dairy foods are an excellent or very good source of calcium, high quality protein, potassium, and riboflavin. On the other hand, some research has related dairy intake to the occurrence of certain chronic diseases. The science behind the health properties of dairy foods continue to evolve. This monograph presents current research aimed and understanding the health benefits and risks from the consumption of dairy foods.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Food & society --- milk --- dairy --- nutrient adequacy --- Philippines --- young children --- preschool children --- polar lipids --- sphingomyelin --- heart disease --- gut health --- cancer --- inflammation --- lactose intolerance --- lactase non-persistence --- galacto-oligosaccharide --- gut microbiome --- abdominal pain --- bloating --- gas --- diarrhea --- n-3 PUFA --- CLA --- cheese --- blood lipids --- dairy fat --- consumer --- quality --- animal-derived food --- yoghurt --- MFGM --- phospholipids --- gangliosides --- anti-inflammatory --- IL-1β --- nitric oxide --- superoxide anion --- cyclo-oxygenase-2 --- neutrophil elastase --- HAZ --- stunting --- pre-school children --- cross-sectional study --- China --- anteiso --- branched-chain amino acids --- diabetes --- iso --- metabolic diseases --- phytanic acid --- health --- matrix --- metabolism --- nutrient --- composition --- saturated fats --- dairy products --- energy intake --- food intakes --- nutrient intakes --- aging --- population-based cohort --- kefir peptides --- dairy milk protein --- osteoporosis --- ovariectomized (OVX) mice --- 16S rDNA --- gut microbiota --- type 2 diabetes mellitus --- insulin resistance --- polycystic ovary syndrome --- fertility --- ovulation --- 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) --- Mexican–American --- Other Hispanic --- non-Hispanic White --- non-Hispanic Black --- A1 beta-casein --- A2 beta-casein --- beta-casomorphin --- gastrointestinal intolerance --- hydrogen breath test --- lactose challenge --- lactose intolerance symptoms --- milk intolerance --- Qualifying Lactose Challenge Symptom Score --- whey --- glucose --- glycemic variability --- beta-lactoglobulin --- pre-meal --- CGM --- preterm neonates --- fat --- gastric lipase --- absorption --- intestine --- emulsions --- vegetable oil --- soy lecithin --- ribo-seq --- muscle protein synthesis --- anabolism --- insulin