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As a counterexample to unidirectionality in grammaticalization, Newmeyer (1998:270) cites the loss of second-person singular subject clitics, e.g., in hastou and wiltou, in 16th century English (Kroch et al. 1982). These forms are a common, albeit optional, feature of Middle English. Though full thou forms replace -tou/-tow clitics in Early Modern English, second-person plural enclitics, subject proclitics, and object enclitics attest to the continued viability of clisis. This paper argues that -tou/-tow is a reduced form, not a clitic, its disappearance being attributable to loss of a phonological rule, not decliticization. This change predates the replacement of thou by you, the non-expression of subjects in imperatives, and the spread of do in questions and is sudden rather than gradual.

English language --- Grammar --- Pragmatics --- Discourse analysis --- Corpus linguistics. --- Corpuslinguïstiek. --- Engelse taal --- Discourse analysis. --- Grammaticalization. --- discoursanalyse. --- discourse analysis. --- grammaticalisatie. --- 802.0-56 --- 802.0-56 Engels: syntaxis; semantiek --- Engels: syntaxis; semantiek --- Grammaticalization --- English Language --- English --- Languages & Literatures --- Germanic languages --- English language - Discourse analysis --- Discoursanalyse. --- Grammaticalisatie.

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While the comparative method is concerned with regularities in phonological change, grammaticalization theory deals with regularities of grammatical change. In an A-Z format, this 2002 book summarizes the most salient generalizations that have been made on the unidirectional change of grammatical forms and constructions. The product of ten years of research, World Lexicon of Grammaticalization provides the reader with the tools to show how different grammatical meanings can be related to one another in a principled way, how to deal with issues such as polysemy and heterosemy, or why certain linguistic forms have simultaneous lexical and grammatical functions. It covers several hundred grammaticalization processes, in each case offering definitions of lexical concepts, suitable examples from a variety of languages, and references to the relevant research literature. Indices organized by source and target concepts allow for flexible use, and the findings delineated in the book are relevant to students of language across theoretical boundaries.

Grammar, Comparative and general --- Grammatica en taalverandering --- Grammatica. --- Grammaticalisatie. --- Vergelijkende en algemene grammatica --- Grammaticalization --- woordenboeken. --- English language --- Grammar --- 800 <03> --- 801.56 --- 801.56 Syntaxis. Semantiek --- Syntaxis. Semantiek --- 800 <03> Taalwetenschap. Taalkunde. Linguistiek--Naslagwerken. Referentiewerken --- Taalwetenschap. Taalkunde. Linguistiek--Naslagwerken. Referentiewerken --- Comparative grammar --- Grammar, Philosophical --- Grammar, Universal --- Language and languages --- Philosophical grammar --- Linguistics --- Philology --- Grammar, Comparative --- Arts and Humanities --- Language & Linguistics --- GRAMMAR, COMPARATIVE AND GENERAL --- LEXICOLOGY --- GRAMMATICALIZATION