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This open access book uncovers one important, yet forgotten, form of itinerant livelihoods, namely petty trade, more specifically how it was practiced in Northern Europe during the period 1820–1960. It investigates how traders and customers interacted in different spaces and approaches ambulatory trade as an arena of encounters by looking at everyday social practices. Petty traders often belonged to subjugated social groups, like ethnic minorities and migrants, whereas their customers belonged to the resident population. How were these mobile traders perceived and described? What goods did they peddle? How did these commodities enable and shape trading encounters? What kind of narratives can be found, and whose? These questions pertaining to daily practices on a grass-root level have not been addressed in previous research. Encounters and Practices embarks on hidden histories of survival, vulnerability, and conflict, but also discloses reciprocal relations, even friendships.
Social & cultural history --- European history --- Economic history --- history of labor --- history of consumption --- history of trade --- folklore --- ethnography --- Nordic history --- postcolonial studies
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"Measurement is all around us-from the circumference of a pizza to the square footage of an apartment, from the length of a newborn baby to the number of miles between neighboring towns. Whether inches or miles, centimeters or kilometers, measures of distance stand at the very foundation of everything we do, so much so that we take them for granted. Yet, this has not always been the case. This book reaches back to medieval Italy to speak of a time when, far from being obvious, measurements were displayed in the open, showing how such a deceptively simple innovation triggered a chain of cultural transformations whose consequences are visible today on a global scale. Drawing from literary works and frescoes, architectural surveys and legal compilations, Emanuele Lugli offers a history of material practices widely overlooked by historians. He argues that the public display of measurements in Italy's newly formed city republics not only laid the foundation for now centuries-old practices of making, but also helped to legitimize local governments and shore up church power, buttressing fantasies of exactitude and certainty that linger to this day. This ambitious, truly interdisciplinary book explains how measurements, rather than being mere descriptors of the real, themselves work as powerful molds of ideas, affecting our notions of what we consider similar, accurate, and truthful." -- Publisher's description.
Measurement --- Metrology --- Weights and measures --- History --- Social aspects --- Historiography --- Italy --- Civilization --- Historiography. --- Measurement - Italy - History - To 1500 --- Measurement - Social aspects - Italy --- Metrology - Italy - History - To 1500 --- Metrology - Social aspects - Italy --- Weights and measures - Social aspects - Italy --- Metrology - Italy - Historiography --- Italy - Civilization - 1268-1559 --- Mesure --- Métrologie --- Poids et mesures --- Histoire --- Aspect social --- Italie --- Civilisation --- Measuring --- Mensuration --- Mathematics --- Technology --- Physical measurements --- Science --- Measures --- Physics --- Units of measurement --- Weight (Physics) --- Church history. --- Italian history. --- history of measurements. --- history of medieval art. --- history of precision. --- history of trade. --- medieval architecture. --- medieval history. --- objectivity.
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