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"Das bisschen Haushalt": Wer in Paarbeziehungen welche Routine-Hausarbeiten übernimmt, ist nach wie vor eine Frage des Geschlechts. Die Studie setzt sich mit innerhäuslichen Arbeitsteilungsarrangements in Paarbeziehungen im Zusammenhang mit dem von Studien der Familiensoziologie mittlerweile vernachlässigten Machtaspekt auseinander. Um die Kontinuität der traditionellen Arbeitsteilung in europäischen Regionen erklären zu können, wird eine theoretische Macht-Typologie entwickelt, die empirisch anhand einer Mehrebenenanalyse überprüft wird. Who does the dishes and cleans the bathroom? In couple relationships it is still a question of gender who does the majority of housework. The study deals with domestic work arrangements in couple relationships in connection with the aspect of power, which has been neglected by studies of family sociology. In order to explain the continuity of the traditional division of labour in European regions, a theoretical typology of power is developed.

criticism of egalitarianism --- domestic work --- Egalitarismuskritik --- europäischer Regionenvergleich (NUTS1) --- gender equality --- Gender --- Geschlechtergerechtigkeit --- Hausarbeiten --- Macht --- Mehrebenenanalyse --- multilevel analysis --- power-capabilities approach --- Power-Capability Approach --- power --- regional comparison (NUTS1) --- reproductive work --- Reproduktionsarbeit --- traditional division of household labor --- traditionelle innerhäusliche Arbeitsteilung

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This is the first book to survey the experience of servants in rural Europe from the fifteenth to the nineteenth century. Live-in servants were a distinctive element of early modern society. They were typically young adults aged between 16 and 24 who lived and worked in other people's households before marriage. Servants tended to be employed for long periods, several months to years at a time, and were paid with food and lodging as well as cash wages. Both women and men worked as servants in large numbers. Unlike domestic servants in towns and wealthy households, rural servants typically worked on farms and were an important element of the agricultural workforce. Historians have viewed service as a distinct life-cycle stage between childhood and marriage. It brought both freedom and servility for young people. It allowed them to leave home and earn a living before marriage, whilst learning a range of agricultural and craft skills which reduced their dependence on their parents and increased their choice in marriage partners. Still, servants had limited rights: they were under the authority of their employer, with a similar legal status to children. In many countries the employment of servants was tightly controlled by law. Servants could demand their wages, and leave when the contract ended, but had to work long hours and had little say in their work tasks during employment. While some servants effectively became family members, trusted and cared for, others were abused physically and sexually by their employers. This collection features a range of methodologies, reflecting the variety of source materials and approaches available to historians of this topic in a range of European countries and time periods. Nonetheless, it demonstrates the strong common themes that emerge from studying servants and will be of particular interest to historians of work, gender, the family, agriculture, economic development, youth and social structure. JANE WHITTLE is Professor of Rural History at the University of Exeter. Contributors: CHRISTINE FERTIG, JEREMY HAYHOE, SARAH HOLLAND, THIJS LAMBRECHT, CHARMIAN MANSELL, HANNE ØSTHUS, RICHARD PAPING, CRISTINA PRYTZ, RAFFAELLA SARTI, CAROLINA UPPENBERG, LIES VERVAET, JANE WHITTLE

History of Europe --- anno 1500-1799 --- anno 1400-1499 --- anno 1800-1899 --- Household employees --- Rural conditions&delete& --- History --- Domestic employees --- Domestics --- Household staff --- Household workers --- Servants --- Rural conditions --- History. --- Domestic service employees --- Domestic service workers --- Service employees, Domestic --- Service workers, Domestic --- Employees --- Europe --- Employés de maison --- Conditions rurales --- Histoire --- Histoire. --- Employés de maison --- Agriculture. --- Domestic Workers. --- Employment. --- Gender Roles. --- Household Labor. --- Labor History. --- Rural Economy. --- Rural Europe. --- Rural Society. --- Servants. --- Social Structure. --- Socioeconomic Conditions.

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In the two generations before World War I, Germany emerged as Europe's foremost industrial power. The basic facts of increasing industrial output, lengthening railroad lines, urbanization, and rising exports are well known. Behind those facts, in the historical shadows, stand millions of anonymous men and women: the workers who actually put down the railroad ties, hacked out the coal, sewed the shirt collars, printed the books, or carried the bricks that made Germany a great nation. This book contains translated selections from the autobiographies of nineteen of those now-forgotten millions. The thirteen men and six women who speak from these pages afford an intimate firsthand look at how massive social and economic changes are reflected on a personal level in the everyday lives of workers. Although some of these autobiographies are familiar to specialists in German labor history, they are virtually unknown and inaccessible to the broader audience they deserve. This book provides translations that are at once useful, interesting, and entertaining to a wide range of historians, students, and general readers.

Working class --- Proletariat --- Commons (Social order) --- Labor and laboring classes --- Laboring class --- Labouring class --- Working classes --- Social classes --- Labor --- History --- History. --- Employment --- Germany --- Economic conditions --- Social conditions. --- barmaid. --- brickyard. --- capitalism. --- child labor. --- child worker. --- cigar maker. --- clay miner. --- coal miner. --- coal mines. --- cook. --- economics. --- factory worker. --- farm worker. --- farming. --- germany. --- glass grinder. --- history. --- household labor. --- household staff. --- industrialization. --- labor conditions. --- labor relations. --- labor. --- machine age. --- maid. --- marxism. --- metalworker. --- migrant workers. --- mines. --- nonfiction. --- railroad. --- seamstress. --- servant. --- social change. --- textiles. --- waiter. --- weaver. --- women and labor. --- women in factories. --- woodworker. --- workers rights. --- workers. --- workhouse. --- working class.

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In thirteen wide-ranging essays, scholars and students of Asian and women's studies will find a vivid exploration of how female roles and feminine identity have evolved over 350 years, from the Tokugawa era to the end of World War II. Starting from the premise that gender is not a biological given, but is socially constructed and culturally transmitted, the authors describe the forces of change in the construction of female gender and explore the gap between the ideal of womanhood and the reality of Japanese women's lives. Most of all, the contributors speak to the diversity that has characterized women's experience in Japan. This is an imaginative, pioneering work, offering an interdisciplinary approach that will encourage a reconsideration of the paradigms of women's history, hitherto rooted in the Western experience.

Women --- Feminism --- Employment --- History. --- #SBIB:316.346H20 --- #SBIB:39A11 --- #SBIB:39A75 --- #SBIB:95G --- J4176.80 --- J4353 --- Human females --- Wimmin --- Woman --- Womon --- Womyn --- Females --- Human beings --- Femininity --- History --- Employment&delete& --- Positie van de vrouw in de samenleving: algemeen --- Antropologie : socio-politieke structuren en relaties --- Etnografie: Azië --- Geschiedenis van Azië (inclusief Arabische wereld, Nabije Oosten) --- Japan: Sociology and anthropology -- gender roles, women, feminism -- history --- Japan: Economy and industry -- labor and employment -- women --- Femmes --- Féminisme --- Histoire --- Travail --- Japan --- Féminisme --- Japon --- agriculture. --- artisan. --- bakufu. --- class. --- division of labor. --- domesticity. --- femininity. --- feminism. --- gender hierarchy. --- gender roles. --- gender studies. --- gender. --- gendered labor. --- handicrafts. --- household chores. --- household labor. --- japan. --- japanese women. --- meiji restoration. --- merchants. --- misogyny. --- onnagata. --- onnarashisa. --- otokorashisa. --- patriarchy. --- peasants. --- post war. --- preindustrial society. --- samurai. --- sexuality. --- shingaku. --- status. --- tokugawa. --- wealth. --- womanhood. --- women and labor. --- women in history. --- women in the workforce. --- womens studies. --- womens work. --- working women.