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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

Medicine --- Immunology --- T cells --- animal studies --- human studies --- immunemodulation --- health --- disease

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This journal is an official body of the Association for the Advancement of Biomedicine that focuses its focus on negative, neutral or non-positive outcomes of research in science, health and pharmacy.

human studies --- neutral results --- no positive results --- health --- Diagnosis --- Physical diagnosis --- Medical sciences --- Medicine --- Health --- Drugs --- Research. --- Pharmacology --- Research --- Science --- Scientific research --- Information services --- Learning and scholarship --- Methodology --- Research teams --- Examinations, Medical (Physical diagnosis) --- Examinations, Physical (Medicine) --- Exams, Medical (Physical diagnosis) --- Exams, Physical (Medicine) --- Medical examinations (Physical diagnosis) --- Medical exams (Physical diagnosis) --- Medicals (Physical diagnosis) --- Physical examinations (Medicine) --- Physical exams (Medicine) --- Physicals (Medicine) --- Diseases --- Examinations, Medical (Diagnosis) --- Medical diagnosis --- Medical examinations (Diagnosis) --- Medical tests (Diagnosis) --- Clinical medicine --- Prognosis --- Symptoms --- Industries --- Testing --- Health Workforce --- Physical diagnosis. --- Medicine. --- Medical sciences. --- Health. --- Diagnosis. --- Personal health --- Wellness --- Physiology --- Holistic medicine --- Hygiene --- Well-being --- Basic medical sciences --- Basic sciences, Medical --- Biomedical sciences --- Health sciences --- Preclinical sciences --- Sciences, Medical --- Life sciences --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Pathology --- Physicians

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This reprint combines recent original manuscripts and reviews covering the multiple functions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in physiology and pathophysiology. Potential applications and limitations of PPAR agonists and antagonists are discussed. All original contributions were published in Cells.

Medicine --- Physiology --- peroxisome-proliferator activated receptors --- tumor angiogenesis --- tumor progression --- metastasis formation --- endothelial cells --- RNA sequencing --- PPARs --- toxicology --- pharmacology --- ligand --- vascular --- coronary artery --- lipidomics --- eicosanoids --- inflammation --- CYP450 --- peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor --- angiogenesis --- proliferation --- metastasis --- immortality --- resistance to cell death --- growth suppressors --- immune system --- cellular metabolism --- PPAR --- nuclear receptors --- addiction --- alcohol --- nicotine --- opioids --- psychostimulants --- animal models --- human studies --- Alzheimer’s --- risk factors --- PPARα --- lipids --- fatty acids --- modulators --- cognition --- sex --- therapy --- hypertrophic adipocytes --- PPARG isoforms --- PPARG splicing --- dominant-negative isoform --- in vitro adipocytes --- adipogenesis --- hypertrophic obesity --- insulin-resistance --- peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) --- synthetic agonists --- non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) --- non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) --- fibrosis --- Sirtuin1 --- peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α --- peroxisome proliferator activated receptors --- obesity --- metabolic syndrome --- vitamin B12 --- folate --- fetal programming --- inherited metabolic disorders --- PGC-1α, disease --- kidney --- cancer --- AKI --- CKD --- nephron --- PKD --- cilia --- cystogenesis --- ligands --- Alzheimer’s disease (AD)

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This reprint combines recent original manuscripts and reviews covering the multiple functions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in physiology and pathophysiology. Potential applications and limitations of PPAR agonists and antagonists are discussed. All original contributions were published in Cells.

Medicine --- Physiology --- peroxisome-proliferator activated receptors --- tumor angiogenesis --- tumor progression --- metastasis formation --- endothelial cells --- RNA sequencing --- PPARs --- toxicology --- pharmacology --- ligand --- vascular --- coronary artery --- lipidomics --- eicosanoids --- inflammation --- CYP450 --- peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor --- angiogenesis --- proliferation --- metastasis --- immortality --- resistance to cell death --- growth suppressors --- immune system --- cellular metabolism --- PPAR --- nuclear receptors --- addiction --- alcohol --- nicotine --- opioids --- psychostimulants --- animal models --- human studies --- Alzheimer’s --- risk factors --- PPARα --- lipids --- fatty acids --- modulators --- cognition --- sex --- therapy --- hypertrophic adipocytes --- PPARG isoforms --- PPARG splicing --- dominant-negative isoform --- in vitro adipocytes --- adipogenesis --- hypertrophic obesity --- insulin-resistance --- peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) --- synthetic agonists --- non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) --- non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) --- fibrosis --- Sirtuin1 --- peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α --- peroxisome proliferator activated receptors --- obesity --- metabolic syndrome --- vitamin B12 --- folate --- fetal programming --- inherited metabolic disorders --- PGC-1α, disease --- kidney --- cancer --- AKI --- CKD --- nephron --- PKD --- cilia --- cystogenesis --- ligands --- Alzheimer’s disease (AD)

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Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is a well-studied Gram-negative bacterium that can often be found in the oral cavity of young individuals. It has several virulence factors and a large genetic diversity, which results in both harmless and highly virulent genotypes. To determine the virulence potential of the isolated bacteria, genetic profiling is recommended. Advanced knowledge of the virulence mechanisms induced by this bacterium is important for the development of future personalized preventive and treatment strategies. The fifteen papers in this book provide a strong and relevant background that can contribute to the improvement of future diagnosis and research strategies.

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans --- cagE --- virB1 --- virB4 --- genotype --- virulence --- mRNA assay --- quantitative ELISA --- cell lysis assay --- leukotoxin --- JP2 genotype --- cytolethal distending toxin --- lipopolysaccharides --- cytokine binding factors --- horizontal gene transfer --- outer membrane vesicles --- biofilm --- proteomic --- adherence --- endocarditis --- fimbriae --- JP2 --- periodontitis --- taxonomy --- core and accessory genes --- average nucleotide identity --- principal component analysis --- keratins --- organotypic gingival mucosa --- A. actinomycetemcomitans --- RNA-Seq --- genomic islands --- core genes --- accessory genes --- stress --- nutrient limitation --- differentially expressed genes. --- lymphocytes --- apoptosis --- RTX toxin --- localized aggressive periodontitis --- LFA-1 --- leukotoxin (LtxA) --- endocytosis --- n/a --- JP2 clone of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans --- JP2 in Caucasian --- microbiological diagnosis --- adjunctive antibiotics --- localized aggressive periodontitis: animal studies: human studies --- landscape ecology --- damage/response framework --- bacteremia --- horseshoe crab --- Origanum vulgare --- essential oil --- antimicrobial activity --- minimum inhibitory concentration --- minimal bactericidal concentration --- cytotoxicity --- leukotoxin neutralization --- inflammasome --- immune response --- periodontal disease --- proteomics