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humanitarian action --- anthropology --- international relations --- public health and management --- Humanitarian assistance --- Humanitarian assistance. --- Humanitarian aid --- International relief --- International relations. Foreign policy --- Ethnology. Cultural anthropology --- Biological anthropology. Palaeoanthropology

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Since the mid-19th century military powers and various writers have tried to define the notion of belligerent occupation and, in particular, the beginning thereof. There are many situations in which a state of occupation is controversial or even denied. When is control so effective that an invasion turns into a state of belligerent occupation? What is the minimum area of a territory that can be occupied; a town, a hamlet, a house or what about a hill taken by the armed forces? This paper examines what seems to be an important gap of the Fourth Geneva Convention: contrary to the Hague Regulations of 1907 it does not provide a definition of belligerent occupation. It is argued that the Fourth Geneva Convention follows its own rules of applicability and that therefore the provisions relative to occupied territories apply in accordance with the “functional beginning” of belligerent occupation approach from the moment that a protected person finds him or herself in the hands of the enemy. Henry Dunant Prize 2010 from the Geneva Academy of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights (ADH Geneva)

International Law --- Law, Politics & Government --- Treaties, International --- Geneva Convention Fourth (1949) --- belligerent occupation --- protection of civilians --- dispute settlement --- conflict security and peacebuilding --- International Committee of the Red ‎Cross (ICRC) --- humanitarian action

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Although there has been a wide range of political responses to migration in Europe, scholarly analyses have shown that state and humanitarian responses have regardless done little to foster the integration of mobile people into host societies, resulting instead in a politics of exclusion. Resistance to such policies has taken the form of independent camps and solidary spaces. Although most analyses of informal camps agree on their emancipatory potential, the same studies have revealed that these realities can also reproduce existing relations of power. Are solidary spaces conducive to participatory politics? If so, how do activists and migrants construct their own identities in the struggle, and how do they translate them into practice? What power dynamics are re-inscribed in their action? My research will attempt to answer these questions through a case study of Ventimiglia, a town at the Franco-Italian border, and the waves of solidarity activism that have taken place there from 2015 to the present. We extend our heartfelt thanks to the Vahabzadeh Foundation for financially supporting the publication of best works by young researchers of the Graduate Institute, giving a priority to those who have been awarded academic prizes for their master’s dissertations.

Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary --- Political Science Public Admin. & Development --- International Relations --- Political Science --- Public Administration --- Social Work & Social Policy --- migration and refugees --- migration policy --- Schengen Agreement --- non-state actors and civil society --- democracy --- governance --- nationalism --- humanitarian action --- immigration

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This ePaper explores the endeavours and motivations of the leading figures of the Japanese Red Cross Society, which forms the streams of the Red Cross Movement that get overshadowed in the Eurocentric narrative of its history. Using various primary sources from archives and studying the historical context of the time, the paper highlights how the main protagonists with similar backgrounds to the founders of the International Committee of the Red Cross proactively sought to establish and develop the movement both at the national and international level from 1867 to 1919. Moreover, a close examination of their backgrounds as well as their thoughts as expressed in their writings suggests that their motivations to engage in Red Cross work were multiple and in part, if not entirely, shaped by various needs to fulfil their own desire and sense of obligation. We extend our heartfelt thanks to the Vahabzadeh Foundation for financially supporting the publication of best works by young researchers of the Graduate Institute, giving a priority to those who have been awarded academic prizes for their master’s dissertations.

Asian Studies --- History --- Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary --- International Relations --- action humanitaire --- CICR - Comité international de la Croix Rouge --- coopération internationale --- diplomatie --- droits humains --- histoire sociale --- politique internationale --- relations internationales --- traités --- foreign relations --- State | Nation --- governance --- humanitarian action --- International Committee of the Red ‎Cross (ICRC) --- international law --- non-state actors and civil society --- International relations. --- Coexistence --- Foreign affairs --- Foreign policy --- Foreign relations --- Global governance --- Interdependence of nations --- International affairs --- Peaceful coexistence --- World order --- National security --- Sovereignty --- World politics

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Qu'est-ce que la médecine humanitaire ? Celle qui s'adresse à des populations marginalisées, éprouvées par une crise ou privées d'accès aux soins. Celle qui s'exerce sans autre objectif que de se rendre utile. Tout membre d'une organisation œuvrant dans ce domaine se reconnaîtra sans doute dans cette définition. Mais au-delà de ces principes essentiels et partagés, les situations sur le terrain conduisent à interroger les enjeux, les limites, les contraintes politiques, les paradoxes, les développements possibles de cette médecine. Car, plus que dans l'acte, ce sont les situations qui font la spécificité de la médecine humanitaire et que Rony Brauman nous invite à comprendre.

Medical assistance --- Aide sanitaire --- Missions, Medical --- BPB0902 --- Aide humanitaire --- Médecine sociale --- Désherbage --- Humanitaire hulp --- Sociale geneeskunde --- Deselectie --- Medical assistance. --- mjekësi shoqërore --- medicina social --- sociální lékařství --- socialna medicina --- sociálne lekárstvo --- medicină socială --- socijalna medicina --- medicina sociale --- social medicine --- mediċina soċjali --- sotsiaalmeditsiin --- sosiaalilääketiede --- социјална медицина --- társadalom-orvostan --- sociālā medicīna --- социална медицина --- socialmedicin --- sociale geneeskunde --- medycyna społeczna --- κοινωνική ιατρική --- socialinė medicina --- Sozialmedizin --- humanitarian aid --- хуманитарна помоћ --- humanitární pomoc --- humanitaire hulp --- għajnuna umanitarja --- ανθρωπιστική βοήθεια --- pomoc humanitarna --- humanitárna pomoc --- humanitäre Hilfe --- хуманитарна помощ --- humanitarna pomoć --- humanitaarabi --- humanitárius segély --- humānā palīdzība --- humanitarinė pagalba --- ajutor umanitar --- humanitär hjälp --- cabhair dhaonnúil --- humanitaarinen apu --- ndihmë humanitare --- хуманитарна помош --- aiuti umanitari --- ajuda humanitária --- humanitarna pomoč --- ayuda humanitaria --- humanitær hjælp --- humanitární konvoj --- action humanitaire --- humanitär verksamhet --- assistenza umanitaria --- humanitariniai veiksmai --- humanitární činnost --- humanitaire actie --- humanitær aktion --- humanitarni rad --- humanitäre Unterstützung --- humānās palīdzības organizācija --- humanitarinė parama --- ação humanitária --- acțiune umanitară --- humanitárius tevékenységek --- хуманитарно подпомагане --- aiuto ai profughi --- humanitárna podpora --- działania humanitarne --- azione umanitaria --- humanitaarinen toimi --- humanitär insats --- človekoljubna pomoč --- humanitárna akcia --- humānās palīdzības atbalsts --- humanitárna činnosť --- assistance humanitaire --- humanitaarinen operaatio --- intervención humanitaria --- humānās palīdzības pasākums --- humanitarno djelovanje --- humanitarian assistance --- humanitarian action --- assistenza umanitarja --- humanitärt bistånd --- humanitárius intézkedés --- ανθρωπιστική συνδρομή --- хуманитарна акција --- humanitärt stöd --- humanitarinė veikla --- asistencia humanitaria --- хуманитарно действие --- assistência humanitária --- humanitáris segítségnyújtás --- humanitarni ukrep --- humanitarna akcija --- humanitäre Maßnahme --- dobrotvorni rad --- humanitarna dejavnost --- ανθρωπιστική δράση --- acción humanitaria --- asistență umanitară --- humanitær bistand --- humanitär åtgärd --- akcja humanitarna --- veprim humanitar --- humanitárius fellépés --- humānās palīdzības pasākumi --- humanitaire interventie --- leigheas sóisialta --- Medical assistance - Developing countries --- Missions, Medical - Developing countries --- Médecine sociale