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Cooling. --- Hardness. --- Heat treatment. --- Intermetallics. --- Nitinol alloys. --- Temperature effects. --- Charpy impact test.

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From Charpy to Present Impact Testing contains 52 peer-reviewed papers selected from those presented at the Charpy Centenary Conference held in Poitiers, France, 2-5 October 2001. The name of Charpy remains associated with impact testing on notched specimens. At a time when many steam engines exploded, engineers were preoccupied with studying the resistance of steels to impact loading. The Charpy test has provided invaluable indications on the impact properties of materials. It revealed the brittle ductile transition of ferritic steels. The Charpy test is a

Metals. --- Notched bar testing. --- Notched bar testing--Congresses. Metals--Impact testing--Congresses. --- Notched bar testing --- Metals --- Chemical & Materials Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Materials Science --- Impact testing --- Metallic elements --- Chemical elements --- Ores --- Metallurgy --- Charpy impact test --- Charpy test --- Notch bar testing --- Materials --- Notch effect --- Testing --- Dynamic testing

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The modern understanding of metal plasticity and fracturing began about 100 years ago, with pioneering work; first, on crack-induced fracturing by Griffith and, second, with the invention of dislocation-enhanced crystal plasticity by Taylor, Orowan and Polanyi. The modern counterparts are fracture mechanics, as invented by Irwin, and dislocation mechanics, as initiated in pioneering work by Cottrell. No less important was the breakthrough development of optical characterization of sectioned polycrystalline metal microstructures started by Sorby in the late 19th century and leading eventually to modern optical, x-ray and electron microscopy methods for assessments of crystal fracture surfaces, via fractography, and particularly of x-ray and electron microscopy techniques applied to quantitative characterizations of internal dislocation behaviors. A major current effort is to match computational simulations of metal deformation/fracturing behaviors with experimental measurements made over extended ranges of microstructures and over varying external conditions of stress-state, temperature and loading rate. The relation of such simulations to the development of constitutive equations for a hoped-for predictive description of material deformation/fracturing behaviors is an active topic of research. The present collection of articles provides a broad sampling of research accomplishments on the two subjects.

Research & information: general --- dislocation mechanics --- yield strength --- grain size --- thermal activation --- strain rate --- impact tests --- brittleness transition --- fracturing --- crack size --- fracture mechanics --- Hall-Petch equation --- Griffith equation --- size effect --- mechanical strength --- pearlitic steels --- suspension bridge cables --- dislocation microstructure --- fractal analysis --- plasticity --- representative volume element --- dislocation structure --- dislocation correlations --- dislocation avalanches --- nanotwin --- nanograin --- Au–Cu alloy --- micro-compression --- Cu-Zr --- ECAP --- deformation --- quasi-stationary --- subgrains --- grains --- coarsening --- Cu–Zr --- ultrafine-grained material --- dynamic recovery --- transient --- load change tests --- Charpy impact test --- GMAW --- additive manufacturing --- secondary cracks --- anisotropy --- linear flow splitting --- crystal plasticity --- DAMASK --- texture --- EBSD --- crack tip dislocations --- TEM --- grain rotation --- fatigue --- dislocation configurations --- residual stress --- indentation --- serration --- temperature --- dislocation --- artificial aging --- solid solution --- loading curvature --- aluminum alloy --- holistic approach --- dislocation group dynamics --- dynamic factor --- dislocation pile-up --- yield stress --- dislocation creep --- fatigue crack growth rate

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Thermal spray technology has been widely adopted industrially to combat diverse forms of surface degradation caused by wear, corrosion, oxidation, high thermal load, etc. Nonetheless, improvements in coating quality are incessantly sought to further enhance durability and/or performance of components operating in increasingly aggressive environments. This has led to technology advancements on various fronts, spanning feedstock materials, process variants, torch designs, coating architectures, etc. These have also been complemented by developments in closely allied areas to accommodate novel substrate materials, explore post-treatments, investigate coating behaviour under varied harsh conditions and harness benefits of artificial intelligence/neural networking. All of the above, along with efforts to improve diagnostic tools and create reliable control systems, have been driven by the desire to achieve robust shop-floor thermal spray capabilities to consolidate existing applications and spur new ones. This book is a compilation of twelve exciting contributions made for the Special Issue on “Advances in Thermal Spray Technology”, and showcases some of the above developments that are currently attracting interest in the field.

History of engineering & technology --- carbon/carbon (C/C) composites --- ultra-high temperature ceramic (UHTC) --- vacuum plasma spray (VPS) --- ablation resistance --- thermal spraying --- high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) --- S-phase --- expanded austenite --- 316L --- stainless steel --- thermochemical treatment --- hardening --- gas nitriding --- axial feeding --- hybrid plasma spray coating --- bovine serum solution --- sliding wear --- indentation --- double-layered TBC --- gadolinium zirconate --- suspension plasma spray --- thermal cyclic fatigue --- burner rig test --- yttria stabilized zirconia --- titanium carbide --- chromium carbide --- wear --- cold spray --- neural network --- additive manufacturing --- model --- spray angle --- profile --- amorphous --- nanocrystalline --- wear resistant --- Vickers microhardness --- plasma spraying --- high-velocity suspension flame spraying --- copper --- silver --- NiCr 80/20 --- metal coatings --- polymer coatings --- flame spraying --- icephobicity --- ice adhesion --- wettability --- coating design --- corrosion-wear performance --- dense structure --- corrosion potential --- corrosion rate --- worn surface --- HVOF --- hardmetal --- dynamic impact test --- impact wear --- Al2O3-TiO2 system --- APS --- suspension spraying --- microstructure --- morphology --- phase composition --- n/a

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The modern understanding of metal plasticity and fracturing began about 100 years ago, with pioneering work; first, on crack-induced fracturing by Griffith and, second, with the invention of dislocation-enhanced crystal plasticity by Taylor, Orowan and Polanyi. The modern counterparts are fracture mechanics, as invented by Irwin, and dislocation mechanics, as initiated in pioneering work by Cottrell. No less important was the breakthrough development of optical characterization of sectioned polycrystalline metal microstructures started by Sorby in the late 19th century and leading eventually to modern optical, x-ray and electron microscopy methods for assessments of crystal fracture surfaces, via fractography, and particularly of x-ray and electron microscopy techniques applied to quantitative characterizations of internal dislocation behaviors. A major current effort is to match computational simulations of metal deformation/fracturing behaviors with experimental measurements made over extended ranges of microstructures and over varying external conditions of stress-state, temperature and loading rate. The relation of such simulations to the development of constitutive equations for a hoped-for predictive description of material deformation/fracturing behaviors is an active topic of research. The present collection of articles provides a broad sampling of research accomplishments on the two subjects.

dislocation mechanics --- yield strength --- grain size --- thermal activation --- strain rate --- impact tests --- brittleness transition --- fracturing --- crack size --- fracture mechanics --- Hall-Petch equation --- Griffith equation --- size effect --- mechanical strength --- pearlitic steels --- suspension bridge cables --- dislocation microstructure --- fractal analysis --- plasticity --- representative volume element --- dislocation structure --- dislocation correlations --- dislocation avalanches --- nanotwin --- nanograin --- Au–Cu alloy --- micro-compression --- Cu-Zr --- ECAP --- deformation --- quasi-stationary --- subgrains --- grains --- coarsening --- Cu–Zr --- ultrafine-grained material --- dynamic recovery --- transient --- load change tests --- Charpy impact test --- GMAW --- additive manufacturing --- secondary cracks --- anisotropy --- linear flow splitting --- crystal plasticity --- DAMASK --- texture --- EBSD --- crack tip dislocations --- TEM --- grain rotation --- fatigue --- dislocation configurations --- residual stress --- indentation --- serration --- temperature --- dislocation --- artificial aging --- solid solution --- loading curvature --- aluminum alloy --- holistic approach --- dislocation group dynamics --- dynamic factor --- dislocation pile-up --- yield stress --- dislocation creep --- fatigue crack growth rate