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Le Groupement d'Intérêt Public RENATER est officiellement constitué au début de l'année 1993, mais l'histoire des réseaux pour la Recherche et l'Enseignement a commencé en France et en Europe dès les années 1970. Certains centres de calcul et équipes scientifiques n'ont pas attendu le déploiement de RENATER pour utiliser les réseaux, afin de partager la puissance de calcul, effectuer des transferts de fichiers ou encore communiquer via les messageries. Cependant, les solutions mises en place sont hétérogènes, souvent incompatibles et onéreuses, les moyens dispersés. Dans la seconde moitié des années 1980, ces réalisations, besoins, usages pionniers vont rencontrer la volonté politique, pour porter l'ambition d'un réseau national de la Recherche et de l'Enseignement, fédérant des initiatives disciplinaires ou en régions dynamiques. La constitution du GIP RENATER marque un premier aboutissement.

Public interest groups. --- Internet searching.

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UNIDO. --- UNIDO --- Developing countries --- design --- Industrial development --- Interest groups

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This title examines how interest groups, political parties, and public benefit organisations are legally regulated in 19 democracies. It it develops and empirically examines a new interdisciplinary theory on why democracies adopt permissive or constraining regulation of civil society organisations.

Pressure groups. --- Public interest groups. --- Citizens' watchdog groups --- PIRGs (Public interest groups) --- Public interest lobbying groups --- Public interest research groups --- Watchdog groups, Citizens' --- Pressure groups --- Advocacy groups --- Interest groups --- Political interest groups --- Special interest groups (Pressure groups) --- Functional representation --- Political science --- Representative government and representation --- Lobbying --- Policy networks --- Political action committees --- Social control

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Pressure groups --- -328.18 <41> --- Advocacy groups --- Interest groups --- Political interest groups --- Special interest groups (Pressure groups) --- Functional representation --- Political science --- Representative government and representation --- Lobbying --- Policy networks --- Political action committees --- Social control --- 328.18 <41>

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Pressure groups. --- #SBIB:303H13 --- Advocacy groups --- Interest groups --- Political interest groups --- Special interest groups (Pressure groups) --- Functional representation --- Political science --- Representative government and representation --- Lobbying --- Policy networks --- Political action committees --- Social control --- Methoden en technieken: politieke wetenschappen --- Pressure groups