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Pulsed lasers are lasers with a single laser pulse width of less than 0.25 s, operating only once in every certain time interval. Commonly used pulsed lasers are nanosecond, femtosecond, and picosecond lasers. A pulsed laser produces short pulses with a short interaction time with the material, which can largely avoid impact on the thermal movement of molecules and has a minimal thermal impact on the surrounding materials, thus having significant advantages in precision microfabrication. It is now widely used in flexible electronics, chips, medicine, and other fields, such as photographic resin curing, microwelding, vision correction, heart stent manufacturing, etc. However, as an emerging processing technology, the application prospects of pulsed lasers have yet to be fully expanded, and there is still a need to continuously explore the mechanisms of interaction with materials, to manufacture advanced functional structures, and to develop advanced process technologies.

Technology: general issues --- wettability --- electrodes --- laser structuring --- spread area --- electrolyte --- wetting time --- oxide dispersion strengthened steel --- ODS Eurofer --- laser welding --- microstructure --- EBSD --- laser diodes --- pulsed and continuous wave (cw) regimes --- medical applications --- dermatology --- laryngology --- laser micro-cutting --- PI film --- contact spacer --- tactile sensor --- laser surface texturing --- hardness --- Zr-based metallic glass --- laser processing --- PET film --- transparent polymer --- temperature field --- ultraviolet nanosecond pulse laser --- laser photothermal ablation --- n/a

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This book is the printed edition of the Special Issue published in Materials. The book provides an overview of current international research activities in the field of friction and wear management through the laser processing of periodic surface micro- and nanostructures for technical and medical applications. Contributions of renowned scientists from academia and industry provide a bridge between the fields of tribology and laser material processing in order to foster current knowledge and present new ideas for future applications and new technologies.

History of engineering & technology --- laser-induced periodic surface structures --- laser beam interference ablation --- dry friction --- lubricated friction --- laser surface texturing --- smart surfaces --- stribeck curve --- lubricant transport --- direct laser interference patterning --- phase-field method --- laser microtexturing --- ultra-short pulsed laser --- surface characterization --- tribological characterization --- friction --- wear --- mixed lubrication --- starvation --- deterministic asperity model --- surface texturing --- film thickness --- texturing patterns --- numerical modelling --- CoCrMo --- LIPSS --- LSFL --- HSFL --- grooves --- triangular LIPSS --- lubricant additives --- laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) --- tribological properties --- Stribeck curve --- multi-scale surface texturing --- hierarchical surfaces --- numerical approaches --- friction reduction --- wear reduction --- high-rate --- laser texturing --- high-power --- laser --- tribology --- coefficient of friction --- applications --- lubricant --- nanostructure --- microstructure

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Tribology has been and continues to be one of the most relevant fields, being present in almost all aspects of our lives. The understanding of tribology provides us with solutions for future technical challenges. At the root of all advances made so far are multitudes of precise experiments and an increasing number of advanced computer simulations across different scales and multiple physical disciplines. Based upon this sound and data-rich foundation, advanced data handling, analysis and learning methods can be developed and employed to expand existing knowledge. Therefore, modern machine learning (ML) or artificial intelligence (AI) methods provide opportunities to explore the complex processes in tribological systems and to classify or quantify their behavior in an efficient or even real-time way. Thus, their potential also goes beyond purely academic aspects into actual industrial applications. To help pave the way, this article collection aimed to present the latest research on ML or AI approaches for solving tribology-related issues generating true added value beyond just buzzwords. In this sense, this Special Issue can support researchers in identifying initial selections and best practice solutions for ML in tribology.

artificial intelligence --- machine learning --- artificial neural networks --- tribology --- condition monitoring --- semi-supervised learning --- random forest classifier --- self-lubricating journal bearings --- reduced order modelling --- dynamic friction --- rubber seal applications --- tensor decomposition --- laser surface texturing --- texturing during moulding --- digital twin --- PINN --- reynolds equation --- triboinformatics --- databases --- data mining --- meta-modeling --- monitoring --- analysis --- prediction --- optimization --- fault data generation --- Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) --- Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) --- bearing fault diagnosis --- unbalanced datasets --- tribo-testing --- tribo-informatics --- natural language processing --- tribAIn --- BERT --- amorphous carbon coatings --- UHWMPE --- total knee replacement --- Gaussian processes --- rolling bearing dynamics --- cage instability --- regression --- neural networks --- random forest --- gradient boosting --- evolutionary algorithms --- rolling bearings --- remaining useful life --- feature engineering --- structure-borne sound --- n/a

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This book is made up of contributions dealing with heritage stones from different countries around the world. The stones are described, as well as their use in vernacular and contemporaneous architecture. Heritage stones are those stones that have special significance in human culture. Examples include some very important stones that have been either neglected because they are no longer extracted, or stones that have great significance in commercial terms but knowledge of their national and/or international heritage has not been well documented. In this collection of articles, we have tried to spread awareness of architectural heritage around the world, the natural stones that have been used in its construction, and the need to preserve historical quarries that once provided the source of such stones. Historical quarries are linked to regional culture and tradition. Because of the specific technical and aesthetical characteristics of heritage stones, which have lasted for centuries, these historical quarries should be preserved to be able to use the stones for the proper restoration of monuments and historical buildings to avoid negative actions that can be observed in many places in the restoration of buildings, which are some times part of World Heritage sites. The final intention of this book is to continuosly grow the interest on this fascinating subject of heritage stones.

Cheomseongdae --- building stones --- petrographic analysis --- the bay of Kotor --- quarry characterisation --- architectural heritage --- cultural heritage conservation --- ultrafast pulse laser --- archaeometry --- Sopo?ani --- marble deposits --- Guadeloupe --- architectural conservation --- multiscale roughness --- rocks characterization --- cultural stone --- restoration --- pyroclastic rock --- Duomo di Milano --- dolostone --- geological heritage --- historical and Archaeological sites --- modern principles of double-layered ventilated roofs --- heritage --- Bargiolina --- dynamic centrifuge test --- sustainability --- cultural heritage --- geoheritage --- market --- marble --- serpentinites --- Western Alps --- SEM-EDS --- Unesco World Heritage Site --- UNESCO World Heritage List --- Studenica --- kaolin --- Coimbra Formation --- eastern Caribbean --- dimension stone --- laser surface texturing --- 2016 Gyeongju Earthquake --- houses based on natural stone --- industrial minerals --- wettability properties --- fracturing pattern --- natural stone --- Gyeongju Historic Areas --- ancient seismic design technique --- Martinique --- quartzite --- site-specific ground response analysis --- stone architectural heritage --- French West Indies --- Sardinia --- quarrying --- quarries --- stone architecture heritage --- Candoglia marble --- UNESCO cultural heritage --- site characterisation --- hydrophobicity --- Chianocco marble --- conservation requirements --- management --- heritage stone --- isotopic analysis

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Tribology has been and continues to be one of the most relevant fields, being present in almost all aspects of our lives. The understanding of tribology provides us with solutions for future technical challenges. At the root of all advances made so far are multitudes of precise experiments and an increasing number of advanced computer simulations across different scales and multiple physical disciplines. Based upon this sound and data-rich foundation, advanced data handling, analysis and learning methods can be developed and employed to expand existing knowledge. Therefore, modern machine learning (ML) or artificial intelligence (AI) methods provide opportunities to explore the complex processes in tribological systems and to classify or quantify their behavior in an efficient or even real-time way. Thus, their potential also goes beyond purely academic aspects into actual industrial applications. To help pave the way, this article collection aimed to present the latest research on ML or AI approaches for solving tribology-related issues generating true added value beyond just buzzwords. In this sense, this Special Issue can support researchers in identifying initial selections and best practice solutions for ML in tribology.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- artificial intelligence --- machine learning --- artificial neural networks --- tribology --- condition monitoring --- semi-supervised learning --- random forest classifier --- self-lubricating journal bearings --- reduced order modelling --- dynamic friction --- rubber seal applications --- tensor decomposition --- laser surface texturing --- texturing during moulding --- digital twin --- PINN --- reynolds equation --- triboinformatics --- databases --- data mining --- meta-modeling --- monitoring --- analysis --- prediction --- optimization --- fault data generation --- Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) --- Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) --- bearing fault diagnosis --- unbalanced datasets --- tribo-testing --- tribo-informatics --- natural language processing --- tribAIn --- BERT --- amorphous carbon coatings --- UHWMPE --- total knee replacement --- Gaussian processes --- rolling bearing dynamics --- cage instability --- regression --- neural networks --- random forest --- gradient boosting --- evolutionary algorithms --- rolling bearings --- remaining useful life --- feature engineering --- structure-borne sound --- n/a