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Tiv (African people) --- Criminal justice, Administration of --- Customary law courts

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In most societies, courts are where the rubber of government meets the road of the people. If a state cannot settle disputes and enforce its decisions, to all intents and purposes it is no longer in charge. This is why successful rebels put courts and justice at the top of their agendas. This book explores this key weapon in the arsenal of insurgent groups, from the IRA's 'Republican Tribunals' of the 1920s to Islamic State's 'Caliphate of Law, ' via the ALN in Algeria of the 50s and 60s and the Afghan Taliban of recent years. The author delineates the battle in such ungoverned spaces between counterinsurgents seeking to retain the initiative and the insurgent courts undermining them. Contrasting colonial judicial strategy with the chaos of stabilisation operations in Iraq and Afghanistan, he offers compelling lessons for today's conflicts.

INSURGENCY--LAW AND LEGISLATION --- COUNTERINSURGENCY--LAW AND LEGISLATION --- JUSTICE, ADMINISTRATION OF --- CUSTOMARY LAW COURTS --- Sociology of law --- Polemology

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In Since Time Immemorial Yanna Yannakakis traces the invention of Native custom, a legal category that Indigenous litigants used in disputes over marriage, self-governance, land, and labor in colonial Mexico. She outlines how, in the hands of Native litigants, the European category of custom-social practice that through time takes on the normative power of law-acquired local meaning and changed over time. Yannakakis analyzes sources ranging from missionary and Inquisition records to Native pictorial histories, royal surveys, and Spanish and Native-language court and notarial documents. By encompassing historical actors who have been traditionally marginalized from legal histories and highlighting spaces outside the courts like Native communities, parishes, and missionary schools, she shows how imperial legal orders were not just imposed from above but also built on the ground through translation and implementation of legal concepts and procedures. Yannakakis argues that, ultimately, Indigenous claims to custom, which on the surface aimed to conserve the past, provided a means to contend with historical change and produce new rights for the future.

Customary law courts --- Indians of Mexico --- Justice, Administration of --- HISTORY / Latin America / Mexico. --- History. --- Legal status, laws, etc --- Politics and government.

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"Throughout its existencethe Federal District Court of Nebraska has echoed the dynamics of its time, reflecting the concerns, interests, and passions of the people who have made this statetheir home.Echo of Its Time explores the court's development, from its inception in 1867 through 1933, tracing the careers of its first four judges:Elmer Dundy, William Munger, Thomas Munger (no relation), and Joseph Woodrough,whose rulings addressed an array of issues and controversies echoing macro-level developments within the state, nation, and world. Echo of Its Time both informs and entertains while using the court's operations as a unique and accessible prism through which to explore broader themes in the history of the state and the nation. The book explores the inner workings of the court through Thomas Munger's personal correspondence, as well as the court's origins and growing influence under the direction of its legendary first judge, Elmer Dundy.Dundy handled many notable and controversial matters and made significant decisions in the field of Native American law, including Standing Bear v. Crook and Elk v. Wilkins. From the turn of the century through 1933, the court's docket reflected the dramatic and rapid changes in state, regional, and national dynamics, including labor disputes and violence, political corruption and Progressive Era reform efforts, conflicts between cattle ranchers and homesteaders, wartime sedition and "slacker" prosecutions, criminal enterprises, and the endless battles between government agents and bootleggers during Prohibition"--

LAW / Courts. --- LAW / Legal History. --- HISTORY / United States / State & Local / Midwest (IA, IL, IN, KS, MI, MN, MO, ND, NE, OH, SD, WI). --- District courts --- Courts --- History --- United States.

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This is the first book devoted to the cultural history in the pre-modern period of people we now describe as having learning disabilities. Using an interdisciplinary approach, including historical semantics, medicine, natural philosophy and law, it considers a neglected field of social and medical history and makes an original contribution to the problem of a shifting concept such as 'idiocy'. Medieval physicians, lawyers and the schoolmen of the emerging universities wrote the texts which shaped medieval definitions of intellectual ability and its counterpart, disability. In studying such texts, which form part of our contemporary scientific and cultural heritage, we gain a better understanding of which people were considered to be intellectually disabled and how their participation and inclusion in society differed from the situation today.

People with mental disabilities --- Intellectual disability --- Social history --- History --- Handicapés mentaux --- Déficience intellectuelle --- Histoire sociale --- Histoire --- Intellectual Disability --- Middle Ages. --- Developmental disabilities --- history. --- Western society. --- childishness. --- classical antiquity. --- classical law courts. --- foolish behaviour. --- historical semantics. --- human soul. --- idiocy. --- infancy. --- intellectual disability. --- legal agency. --- medicalised traits. --- medieval court fools. --- medieval medicine. --- medieval natural science. --- mental illness. --- natural philosophy. --- social dominance theories.