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A cross-disciplinary approach is offered to consider the challenge of emerging technologies designed to enhance human bodies and minds. Perspectives from philosophy, ethics, law, and policy are applied to a wide variety of enhancements, including integration of technology within human bodies, as well as genetic, biological, and pharmacological modifications. Humans may be permanently or temporarily enhanced with artificial parts by manipulating (or reprogramming) human DNA and through other enhancement techniques (and combinations thereof). We are on the cusp of significantly modifying (and perhaps improving) the human ecosystem. This evolution necessitates a continuing effort to re-evaluate current laws and, if appropriate, to modify such laws or develop new laws that address enhancement technology. A legal, ethical, and policy response to current and future human enhancements should strive to protect the rights of all involved and to recognize the responsibilities of humans to other conscious and living beings, regardless of what they look like or what abilities they have (or lack). A potential ethical approach is outlined in which rights and responsibilities should be respected even if enhanced humans are perceived by non-enhanced (or less-enhanced) humans as “no longer human” at all.

Technology: general issues --- cyborgs --- implants --- posthumans --- Homo technologicus --- Homo sapiens --- human-machine interaction --- cyborg --- enhancement technology --- prosthesis --- brain–computer interface --- new senses --- identity --- neuroprosthesis --- patent law --- copyright law --- cognitive liberty --- international law --- evolution --- cultural technology --- human enhancement --- engineering --- bionics --- biotechnology --- disability --- marketing --- cultural studies --- Disney --- supercrip --- human enhancements --- autonomy --- informed consent --- moral enhancement --- vulnerability --- numeric identity --- military ethics --- human–machine interaction --- upgrading humans --- superhumans --- gene editing --- embryo selection --- CRISPR --- cognitive enhancement --- assisted reproductive technologies (ART) --- public opinion --- in vitro gametogenesis (IVG) --- genome-wide association studies (GWAS) --- brain–computer interface (BCI) --- brain–machine interface (BMI) --- ethical --- legal and social Issues (ELSI) --- neuroethics --- narrative review --- intellectual property --- copyright --- neuropolitics --- brain science --- voting --- human rights --- ethics --- discrimination --- racism --- speciesism --- ableism --- human–robot interaction --- mind --- sense of agency --- alienation --- n/a --- brain-computer interface --- brain-computer interface (BCI) --- brain-machine interface (BMI) --- human-robot interaction

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

A cross-disciplinary approach is offered to consider the challenge of emerging technologies designed to enhance human bodies and minds. Perspectives from philosophy, ethics, law, and policy are applied to a wide variety of enhancements, including integration of technology within human bodies, as well as genetic, biological, and pharmacological modifications. Humans may be permanently or temporarily enhanced with artificial parts by manipulating (or reprogramming) human DNA and through other enhancement techniques (and combinations thereof). We are on the cusp of significantly modifying (and perhaps improving) the human ecosystem. This evolution necessitates a continuing effort to re-evaluate current laws and, if appropriate, to modify such laws or develop new laws that address enhancement technology. A legal, ethical, and policy response to current and future human enhancements should strive to protect the rights of all involved and to recognize the responsibilities of humans to other conscious and living beings, regardless of what they look like or what abilities they have (or lack). A potential ethical approach is outlined in which rights and responsibilities should be respected even if enhanced humans are perceived by non-enhanced (or less-enhanced) humans as “no longer human” at all.

cyborgs --- implants --- posthumans --- Homo technologicus --- Homo sapiens --- human-machine interaction --- cyborg --- enhancement technology --- prosthesis --- brain–computer interface --- new senses --- identity --- neuroprosthesis --- patent law --- copyright law --- cognitive liberty --- international law --- evolution --- cultural technology --- human enhancement --- engineering --- bionics --- biotechnology --- disability --- marketing --- cultural studies --- Disney --- supercrip --- human enhancements --- autonomy --- informed consent --- moral enhancement --- vulnerability --- numeric identity --- military ethics --- human–machine interaction --- upgrading humans --- superhumans --- gene editing --- embryo selection --- CRISPR --- cognitive enhancement --- assisted reproductive technologies (ART) --- public opinion --- in vitro gametogenesis (IVG) --- genome-wide association studies (GWAS) --- brain–computer interface (BCI) --- brain–machine interface (BMI) --- ethical --- legal and social Issues (ELSI) --- neuroethics --- narrative review --- intellectual property --- copyright --- neuropolitics --- brain science --- voting --- human rights --- ethics --- discrimination --- racism --- speciesism --- ableism --- human–robot interaction --- mind --- sense of agency --- alienation --- n/a --- brain-computer interface --- brain-computer interface (BCI) --- brain-machine interface (BMI) --- human-robot interaction