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In legal interpretation, where does meaning come from? Law is made from language, yet law, unlike other language-related disciplines, has not so far experienced its "pragmatic turn" towards inference and the construction of meaning. This book investigates to what extent a pragmatically based view of l linguistic and legal interpretation can lead to new theoretical views for law and, in addition, to practical consequences in legal decision-making.With its traditional emphasis on the letter of the law and the immutable stability of a text as legal foundation, law has been slow to take the pragmatic perspective: namely, the language-user 's experience and activity in making meaning. More accustomed to literal than to pragmatic notions of meaning, that is, in the text rather than constructed by speakers and hearers ... the disciplines of law may be culturally resistant to the pragmatic turn. By bringing together the different but complementary perspectives of pragmaticians and lawyers, this book addresses the issue of to what extent legal meaning can be productively analysed as deriving from resources beyond the text, ... beyond the letter of the law.This collection re-visits the feasibility of the notion of literal meaning for legal interpretation and, at the same time, the feasibility of pragmatic meaning for law. Can explications of pragmatic meaning support court actions in the same way concepts of literal meaning have traditionally supported statutory interpretations and court judgements? What are the consequences of a user-based view of language for the law, in both its practices of interpretation and its definition of itself as a field? Readers will find in this collection means of approaching such questions, and promising routes for inquiry into the genre- and field-specific characteristics of inference in law.In many respects, the problem of literal vs. pragmatic... meaning confined to the text vs. reaching beyond it ... will appear to parallel the dichotomy in law between textualism and intentionalism. There are indeed illuminating connections between the pair of linguistic terms and the more publicly controversial legal ones. But the parallel is not exact, and the linguistic dichotomy is in any case anterior to the legal one. Even as linguistic-pragmatic investigation may serve legal domains, the legal questions themselves point back to central conditions of all linguistic meaning.

Law --- Legal reasoning --- Methodology. --- Pragmatics. --- Language. --- Philosophy --- Law - Language. --- Law - Philosophy --- Inference. --- Law. --- Legal Interpretation.

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Language shapes and reflects how we think about the world. It engages and intrigues us. Our everyday use of language is quite effortless-we are all experts on our native tongues. Despite this, issues of language and meaning have long flummoxed the judges on whom we depend for the interpretation of our most fundamental legal texts. Should a judge feel confident in defining common words in the texts without the aid of a linguist? How is the meaning communicated by the text determined? Should the communicative meaning of texts be decisive, or at least influential? To fully engage and probe these questions of interpretation, this volume draws upon a variety of experts from several fields, who collectively examine the interpretation of legal texts. In The Nature of Legal Interpretation, the contributors argue that the meaning of language is crucial to the interpretation of legal texts, such as statutes, constitutions, and contracts. Accordingly, expert analysis of language from linguists, philosophers, and legal scholars should influence how courts interpret legal texts. Offering insightful new interdisciplinary perspectives on originalism and legal interpretation, these essays put forth a significant and provocative discussion of how best to characterize the nature of language in legal texts.

Law --- Language. --- Interpretation and construction. --- Language --- Philosophy. --- Gadamer. --- constitutional interpretation. --- deferentialism. --- law and language. --- legal interpretation. --- linguistics. --- philosophy of language. --- pragmatics. --- semantics. --- statutory interpretation.

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law --- linguistics --- discourse analysis --- legal interpretation --- translation --- Law --- Forensic linguistics --- Language --- Linguistique légale --- Linguistics --- Linguistics, Forensic --- Jurisprudence --- Legislation --- Acts, Legislative --- Enactments, Legislative --- Laws (Statutes) --- Legislative acts --- Legislative enactments --- Forensic linguistics. --- Language. --- Language, Legal --- Legal language --- Legal style --- Style, Legal --- Bill drafting

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This open access book explores machine learning and its impact on how we make sense of the world. It does so by bringing together two ‘revolutions’ in a surprising analogy: the revolution of machine learning, which has placed computing on the path to artificial intelligence, and the revolution in thinking about the law that was spurred by Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr in the last two decades of the 19th century. Holmes reconceived law as prophecy based on experience, prefiguring the buzzwords of the machine learning age—prediction based on datasets. On the path to AI introduces readers to the key concepts of machine learning, discusses the potential applications and limitations of predictions generated by machines using data, and informs current debates amongst scholars, lawyers and policy makers on how it should be used and regulated wisely. Technologists will also find useful lessons learned from the last 120 years of legal grappling with accountability, explainability, and biased data. .

Technology—Sociological aspects. --- Human geography. --- Mass media. --- Law. --- Artificial intelligence. --- Science and Technology Studies. --- Human Geography. --- IT Law, Media Law, Intellectual Property. --- Artificial Intelligence. --- AI (Artificial intelligence) --- Artificial thinking --- Electronic brains --- Intellectronics --- Intelligence, Artificial --- Intelligent machines --- Machine intelligence --- Thinking, Artificial --- Bionics --- Cognitive science --- Digital computer simulation --- Electronic data processing --- Logic machines --- Machine theory --- Self-organizing systems --- Simulation methods --- Fifth generation computers --- Neural computers --- Acts, Legislative --- Enactments, Legislative --- Laws (Statutes) --- Legislative acts --- Legislative enactments --- Jurisprudence --- Legislation --- Mass communication --- Media, Mass --- Media, The --- Communication --- Anthropo-geography --- Anthropogeography --- Geographical distribution of humans --- Social geography --- Anthropology --- Geography --- Human ecology --- Science and Technology Studies --- Human Geography --- IT Law, Media Law, Intellectual Property --- Artificial Intelligence --- AI --- Machine learning --- artificial intelligence --- 'big data' --- probability theory --- history of ideas --- legal interpretation --- Transhumanism --- Futurism --- Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr --- Wendell Holmes Jr. --- legal philosophy --- machine bias --- algorithmic bias --- Open Access --- Sociology --- Human geography --- Entertainment & media law --- Artificial intelligence

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Doit-on toujours attendre d’une norme juridique qu’elle soit efficace ? La même exigence d’efficacité peut-elle valablement être appliquée au système de droit dans son ensemble ? Une réponse positive serait sans doute donnée à ces deux questions par les gouvernants, soucieux de la performance de leur action au regard des attentes présumées de la société civile. En outre, la multiplication des sources du droit ne fait qu’accroître cette logique d’efficacité, seule à même de justifier l’édiction d’une règle nouvelle. Ainsi, l’acceptabilité de la production normative paraît de plus en plus subordonnée à la démonstration de son utilité et de l’adéquation des effets produits aux problèmes visés. A cet égard, il est significatif qu’à la suite de nombreux pays, le constituant français ait systématisé, lors de la révision du 23 juillet 2008, le recours à l’évaluation et aux études d’impact. Plus généralement, les discours omniprésents sur la qualité, l’accessibilité et la compréhensibilité du droit convergent vers la recherche finale de son efficacité, promue au rang de critère déterminant, si ce n’est prépondérant, de sa légitimité.Cette rationalité nouvelle interroge à bien des égards le juriste, habitué à penser la légitimité de la règle en fonction de critères propres au système juridique – procédure et autorité d’édiction, conformité aux règles supérieures – plus que de ses effets concrets. Comment prendre en compte ces effets et comment les évaluer ? Quelle place la science juridique doit-elle faire à ce titre aux autres sciences sociales – sociologie et, de plus en plus, économie – qui développent leur propre vision de cette efficacité ? Les diktats économiques en particulier ne risquent-ils pas, si l’on y prend garde, de dominer le processus d’élaboration des normes ? Faut-il enfin s’inquiéter de la promotion d’une légitimité technicienne des modes de gouvernement au détriment de la classique légitimité démocratique ?Telles sont les interrogations auxquelles le colloque organisé les 5 et 6 novembre 2010 à Aix-en-Provence a tenté d’apporter des réponses sous un angle pluridisciplinaire et comparé. Après s’être penchée sur le concept même d’efficacité et les enjeux qui le sous-tendent, la réflexion a porté sur la possibilité de rendre la norme plus efficace à travers l’examen des conditions de l’efficacité des normes. Une troisième demi-journée a été consacrée aux rapports entre l’efficacité des normes et l’efficacité des systèmes juridiques.Cet ouvrage constitue le second volet de la recherche sur la normativité entreprise par l’UMR 7318 depuis 2008 et ayant déjà donné lieu à la publication de l’ouvrage Autour de la qualité des normes, dans cette même collection en 2010.

Comparative law --- Norme --- Interprétation du droit --- BPB1209 --- Norm --- Interpretatie van het recht --- Règle de droit --- Rule of law --- Règle de droit --- EPUB-ALPHA-E EPUB-LIV-FT LIVDROIT STRADA-B --- E-books --- interpretace práva --- laintulkinta --- Auslegung des Rechts --- interpretazione del diritto --- tumačenje prava --- tiesību aktu iztulkošana --- толкување на правото --- výklad práva --- seaduse tõlgendamine --- wykładnia prawa --- тумачење права --- jogértelmezés --- fortolkning af retsregler --- interpretazzjoni tal-liġi --- razlaga prava --- тълкуване на правото --- interpretação do direito --- įstatymo aiškinimas --- ερμηνεία του δικαίου --- interpretarea dreptului --- lagtolkning --- interpretatie van het recht --- interpretation of the law --- interpretim i së drejtës --- interpretación del Derecho --- legal theory --- legal interpretation --- právna analógia --- interpretazione della legge --- interprétation juridique --- analogie práva --- juridinen tulkinta --- rättsanalogi --- interpretación de la ley --- interpretazione giudiziale --- analogie juridique --- interpretace zákona --- teisinis aiškinimas --- interpretacija prava --- Gesetzesauslegung --- právny sýklad --- interpretim gjyqësor --- analogi --- judicial interpretation --- fortolkning af loven --- interprétation de la loi --- súdny výklad --- teori ligjore --- jogi aktusok értelmezése --- wetsinterpretatie --- juridisk fortolkning --- teisinė teorija --- právní analogie --- legal analogy --- interpretación judicial --- analogia giuridica --- drept interpretare --- interpretação jurídica --- Rechtsanalogie --- bírói jogértelmezés --- analogía jurídica --- автентично толкување --- judikatura --- lainsäädännön tulkinta --- õiguse analoogia --- analogji ligjore --- įstatymo aiškinimas teisme --- právny výklad --- tolkning av rättsregler --- jogszabályok értelmezése --- soudní interpretace --- juridische analogie --- αναλογία νόμου --- õigusteooria --- analogia jurídica --- tiesību aktu interpretācija --- udvidende fortolkning --- jogi analógia --- juridinen johdonmukaisuus --- интерпретација на законите --- právna teória --- juridische interpretatie --- αναλογία δικαίου --- juridisk tolkning --- ερμηνεία του νόμου --- õiguslik tõlgendus --- interpretim ligjor --- interpretação da lei --- teisės analogija --- lovfortolkning --- analogie zákona --- Rechtsauslegung --- norma --- standartas --- стандард --- standard --- norm --- szabvány --- стандарт --- standardi --- πρότυπο --- standarts --- national standard --- národná norma --- norma nacional --- riigistandard --- oborová norma --- nationale norm --- valsts standarts --- norma nazionale --- podniková norma --- método de referência --- kansallinen standardi --- valstybinis standartas --- εθνικό πρότυπο --- nationale Norm --- státní norma --- národní norma --- nemzeti szabvány --- Produktionsnorm --- ИСО стандард --- riigisisene standard --- норма --- DIN-Norm --- norme nationale --- standard kombëtar --- úseková norma --- Industrienorm --- termékszabvány --- Bauartnorm --- nationell standard --- standard național --- DIN-szabvány --- Règle de droit. --- léiriú ar an dlí --- caighdeán --- Interprétation du droit --- norme