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Discovered in plants at the turn of the century, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been found to be fundamental to many aspects of plant biology. These small (20–24 nt) regulatory RNAs are derived via processing from longer imperfect double-stranded RNAs. They are then incorporated into silencing complexes, which they guide to (m)RNAs of high sequence complementarity, resulting in gene silencing outcomes, either via RNA degradation and/or translational inhibition. Some miRNAs are ancient, being present in all species of land plants and controlling fundamental processes such as phase change, organ polarity, flowering, and leaf and root development. However, there are many more miRNAs that are much less conserved and with less understood functions. This Special Issue contains seven research papers that span from understanding the function of a single miRNA family to examining how the miRNA profiles alter during abiotic stress or nutrient deficiency. The possibility of circular RNAs in plants acting as miRNA decoys to inhibit miRNA function is investigated, as was the hierarchical roles of miRNA biogenesis factors in the maintenance of phosphate homeostasis. Three reviews cover the potential of miRNAs for agronomic improvement of maize, the role of miRNA-triggered secondary small RNAs in plants, and the potential function of an ancient plant miRNA.
microRNAs --- abiotic stress --- Arabidopsis thaliana --- heat stress --- photosynthesis --- maize (Zea mays L.) --- immunoprecipitation --- tapetum --- resurrection plants --- plastocyanin --- dehydration --- Tripogon loliiformis --- secondary siRNA --- RT-qPCR --- putrescine --- DRB2 --- phosphate (PO4) stress --- argonaute --- development --- miR399-directed PHO2 expression regulation --- circRNA --- Solanum lycopersicum --- copper deficiency --- salt stress --- DOUBLE-STRANDED RNA BINDING (DRB) proteins DRB1 --- P5CS --- proline --- phasiRNA --- drought stress --- agronomic traits --- Colorado potato beetle --- Cu-microRNA --- plant --- miR171 --- STTM --- aleurone --- PHOSPHATE2 (PHO2) --- vegetative growth --- nutrient availability --- miRNAs --- non-coding RNA --- pollen --- tomato --- flowering --- crop improvement --- callose --- miRNA target gene expression --- circular RNAs --- miRNA --- programmed cell death --- DRB4 --- microRNA (miRNA) --- target mimicry --- MYB transcription factors --- post-transcriptional gene silencing --- desiccation --- miR399 --- miR159 --- copper protein --- drought --- microRNAs (miRNAs) --- microRNA --- GAMYB --- tasiRNA --- phosphorous (P)
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Since the 1980s, agriculture and plant breeding have changed with the development of molecular marker technology. In recent decades, different types of molecular markers have been used for different purposes: mapping, marker-assisted selection, characterization of genetic resources, etc. These have produced effective genotyping, but the results have been costly and time-consuming due to the small number of markers that could be tested simultaneously. Recent advances in molecular marker technologies such as the development of high-throughput genotyping platforms, genotyping by sequencing, and the release of the genome sequences of major crop plants have opened new possibilities for advancing crop improvement. This Special Issue collects 16 research studies, including the application of molecular markers in 11 crop species, from the generation of linkage maps and diversity studies to the application of marker-assisted selection and genomic prediction.
Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- durum wheat --- landraces --- marker-trait association --- root system architecture --- sugarcane --- parental line --- population structure --- plant breeding --- genetic diversity --- simple sequence repeats (SSR) --- Persea americana --- SMRT sequencing --- simple sequence repeat --- genetic relationship --- flavonoid biosynthesis --- fruit coloration --- marker-assisted selection --- microsatellites --- Rubus --- gene prioritization --- linkage disequilibrium --- tropical maize --- brown rice recovery --- milled rice recovery --- head rice recovery --- milling yield traits --- QTL mapping --- rice (Oryza sativa L.) --- tetraploid potato --- SNP markers --- SLAF-seq technology --- high-density genetic linkage map --- genome wide association study --- GWAS water use --- agronomic traits --- MTAs --- candidate genes --- TKW --- sedimentation volume --- SDS --- YR --- drought stress --- association mapping --- QTL hotspot --- seminal root --- gene pyramiding --- aroma --- QTL --- chromosome --- selection --- introgression line --- maize (Zea mays L.) --- Striga resistance/tolerance --- F2:3 biparental mapping --- Marker-assisted selection --- persimmon --- sex determination --- fruit astringency --- molecular markers --- genomics --- genomic selection --- genomic prediction --- whole genome regression --- grain quality --- near infra-red spectroscopy --- cereal crop --- sorghum --- multi-trait --- Triticum aestivum --- mapping population --- leaf rust --- stem rust --- pathogen races --- disease resistance --- apricot --- MAS --- breeding --- MATH --- PPV resistance --- agarose --- ParPMC --- ParPMC2-del --- high resolution melting --- ISBP markers --- drought --- MQTL --- wheat variability --- crop breeding --- genetic maps --- GWAS --- marker assisted selection --- DNA sequencing --- durum wheat --- landraces --- marker-trait association --- root system architecture --- sugarcane --- parental line --- population structure --- plant breeding --- genetic diversity --- simple sequence repeats (SSR) --- Persea americana --- SMRT sequencing --- simple sequence repeat --- genetic relationship --- flavonoid biosynthesis --- fruit coloration --- marker-assisted selection --- microsatellites --- Rubus --- gene prioritization --- linkage disequilibrium --- tropical maize --- brown rice recovery --- milled rice recovery --- head rice recovery --- milling yield traits --- QTL mapping --- rice (Oryza sativa L.) --- tetraploid potato --- SNP markers --- SLAF-seq technology --- high-density genetic linkage map --- genome wide association study --- GWAS water use --- agronomic traits --- MTAs --- candidate genes --- TKW --- sedimentation volume --- SDS --- YR --- drought stress --- association mapping --- QTL hotspot --- seminal root --- gene pyramiding --- aroma --- QTL --- chromosome --- selection --- introgression line --- maize (Zea mays L.) --- Striga resistance/tolerance --- F2:3 biparental mapping --- Marker-assisted selection --- persimmon --- sex determination --- fruit astringency --- molecular markers --- genomics --- genomic selection --- genomic prediction --- whole genome regression --- grain quality --- near infra-red spectroscopy --- cereal crop --- sorghum --- multi-trait --- Triticum aestivum --- mapping population --- leaf rust --- stem rust --- pathogen races --- disease resistance --- apricot --- MAS --- breeding --- MATH --- PPV resistance --- agarose --- ParPMC --- ParPMC2-del --- high resolution melting --- ISBP markers --- drought --- MQTL --- wheat variability --- crop breeding --- genetic maps --- GWAS --- marker assisted selection --- DNA sequencing
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Since the 1980s, agriculture and plant breeding have changed with the development of molecular marker technology. In recent decades, different types of molecular markers have been used for different purposes: mapping, marker-assisted selection, characterization of genetic resources, etc. These have produced effective genotyping, but the results have been costly and time-consuming due to the small number of markers that could be tested simultaneously. Recent advances in molecular marker technologies such as the development of high-throughput genotyping platforms, genotyping by sequencing, and the release of the genome sequences of major crop plants have opened new possibilities for advancing crop improvement. This Special Issue collects 16 research studies, including the application of molecular markers in 11 crop species, from the generation of linkage maps and diversity studies to the application of marker-assisted selection and genomic prediction.
durum wheat --- landraces --- marker-trait association --- root system architecture --- sugarcane --- parental line --- population structure --- plant breeding --- genetic diversity --- simple sequence repeats (SSR) --- Persea americana --- SMRT sequencing --- simple sequence repeat --- genetic relationship --- flavonoid biosynthesis --- fruit coloration --- marker-assisted selection --- microsatellites --- Rubus --- gene prioritization --- linkage disequilibrium --- tropical maize --- brown rice recovery --- milled rice recovery --- head rice recovery --- milling yield traits --- QTL mapping --- rice (Oryza sativa L.) --- tetraploid potato --- SNP markers --- SLAF-seq technology --- high-density genetic linkage map --- genome wide association study --- GWAS water use --- agronomic traits --- MTAs --- candidate genes --- TKW --- sedimentation volume --- SDS --- YR --- drought stress --- association mapping --- QTL hotspot --- seminal root --- gene pyramiding --- aroma --- QTL --- chromosome --- selection --- introgression line --- maize (Zea mays L.) --- Striga resistance/tolerance --- F2:3 biparental mapping --- Marker-assisted selection --- persimmon --- sex determination --- fruit astringency --- molecular markers --- genomics --- genomic selection --- genomic prediction --- whole genome regression --- grain quality --- near infra-red spectroscopy --- cereal crop --- sorghum --- multi-trait --- Triticum aestivum --- mapping population --- leaf rust --- stem rust --- pathogen races --- disease resistance --- apricot --- MAS --- breeding --- MATH --- PPV resistance --- agarose --- ParPMC --- ParPMC2-del --- high resolution melting --- ISBP markers --- drought --- MQTL --- wheat variability --- crop breeding --- genetic maps --- GWAS --- marker assisted selection --- DNA sequencing
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