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The enhancement of life and the performance of metal engineering components is mainly determined by surface characteristics. The latter has a pivotal role in enhancing the life of products since they control the mechanical, electrical, thermal, and electronic properties. Nevertheless, the surface and near-surface properties are crucial in failure mechanisms since the loss of performance and failures mostly begin from the surface. Research advances in the designing, processing, and characterizing of textured surfaces broadly support innovative industrial applications and products.The performance improvement in engineering components during operation is a challenging issue and surface engineering methods have been attracting considerable interest in both research and industrial fields. Even though many attempts have been made to face the wear of metals by tuning the physical, chemical, mechanical, and metallurgical properties of their surfaces, several important aspects need to be still deepened.The present book collects original research papers and a review that covers the latest development in methods for enhancing the life and functionality of engineering components by tuning the physical, chemical, mechanical, and metallurgical properties of their surfaces. Attention is focused on processing and characterizing methods capable of supporting industrial applications and products to both tackle surface degradation and improve the performance and reliability of components.

Technology: general issues --- HVOF coatings --- sliding wear --- brake systems --- magnesium alloy --- forging --- fatigue --- microstructure --- plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) --- micro arc oxidation (MAO) --- electroplating --- Ni–P coatings --- SiC particles --- heat treatment --- wear --- laser hardening --- ausferrite --- austempered ductile iron --- nodular iron --- hardfacing --- high chromium cast iron --- erosion tests --- wear resistance --- n/a --- Ni-P coatings

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Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO), also known as micro-arc oxidation (MAO), functionalizes surfaces, improving the mechanical, thermal, and corrosion performance of metallic substrates, along with other tailored properties (e.g., biocompatibility, catalysis, antibacterial response, self-lubrication, etc.). The extensive field of applications of this technique ranges from structural components, in particular, in the transport sector, to more advanced fields, such as bioengineering. The present Special Issue covers the latest advances in PEO‐coated light alloys for structural (Al, Mg) and biomedical applications (Ti, Mg), with 10 research papers and 1 review from leading research groups around the world.

Research & information: general --- Technology: general issues --- magnesium --- plasma electrolytic oxidation --- SiO2 particle --- corrosion resistance --- wear resistance --- micro arc oxidation (MAO) --- Cu nano-layer --- hydrophilic surface --- apatite --- in vitro bioactivity --- antibacterial properties --- PEO --- LDH --- active protection --- corrosion --- aluminium --- biodegradable implants --- magnesium alloy --- micro-arc oxidation --- Taguchi method --- SBF --- in-vivo test --- biodegradability --- plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) --- aluminum 6082 --- luminescent coatings --- phosphorescence --- anodized aluminum --- Mott-Schottky analysis --- defect --- annealing --- titanium dioxide --- anatase and rutile --- surface treatment --- wear --- medical engineering --- aluminum --- titanium --- Al7075 alloy --- aluminum oxide --- molten salt --- microhardness --- radio frequency magnetron sputtering (RFMS) --- calcium-phosphate (CaP) coating --- n/a

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Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO), also known as micro-arc oxidation (MAO), functionalizes surfaces, improving the mechanical, thermal, and corrosion performance of metallic substrates, along with other tailored properties (e.g., biocompatibility, catalysis, antibacterial response, self-lubrication, etc.). The extensive field of applications of this technique ranges from structural components, in particular, in the transport sector, to more advanced fields, such as bioengineering. The present Special Issue covers the latest advances in PEO‐coated light alloys for structural (Al, Mg) and biomedical applications (Ti, Mg), with 10 research papers and 1 review from leading research groups around the world.

magnesium --- plasma electrolytic oxidation --- SiO2 particle --- corrosion resistance --- wear resistance --- micro arc oxidation (MAO) --- Cu nano-layer --- hydrophilic surface --- apatite --- in vitro bioactivity --- antibacterial properties --- PEO --- LDH --- active protection --- corrosion --- aluminium --- biodegradable implants --- magnesium alloy --- micro-arc oxidation --- Taguchi method --- SBF --- in-vivo test --- biodegradability --- plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) --- aluminum 6082 --- luminescent coatings --- phosphorescence --- anodized aluminum --- Mott-Schottky analysis --- defect --- annealing --- titanium dioxide --- anatase and rutile --- surface treatment --- wear --- medical engineering --- aluminum --- titanium --- Al7075 alloy --- aluminum oxide --- molten salt --- microhardness --- radio frequency magnetron sputtering (RFMS) --- calcium-phosphate (CaP) coating --- n/a

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In recent decades, metals have been considered promising materials in the fields of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Metallic bio-materials with excellent mechanical strength can effectively support and replace damaged tissue. Hence, metals have been widely used in load-bearing applications for dentistry and orthopedics. Cobalt-, iron-, and titanium (Ti)-based alloys are representative bio-metals, which are used in various forms, such as vascular stents, hip joints, dental, and orthopedic implants. However, the alloying elements of Co- and Fe-based alloys, Co, Ni, and Cr, induce severe toxicity when ionized in the body, which limits their clinical use. However, Ti and its alloys have been widely used as medical devices and implants, with dental and orthopedic applications due to their excellent bone-regeneration ability, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance. Even though Ti and its alloys have generally been used for biomedical applications, there are still challenges that must be met to satisfy their clinical application. For example, osseointegration with the surrounding bone tissue at the initial stage of implantation has been pointed to as a major issue. This Special Issue, “Titanium and Its Alloys for Biomedical Applications”, has been proposed to present recent developments in biomedical applications. The nine research articles included in this Special Issue cover broad aspects of Ti-based alloys and composites with respect to their composition, mechanical, and biological properties, as highlighted in this editorial.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- Mining technology & engineering --- metal–matrix composites --- titanium alloy design --- microstructures --- mechanical properties --- biocomposites --- powder metallurgy --- high power impulse magnetron sputtering --- zinc oxide --- tantalum oxide --- thin film --- plasma electrolytic oxidation --- antibacterial --- biocompatibility --- ultraprecision magnetic abrasive finishing (UPMAF) --- environmentally friendly oil --- Ni-Ti stent wire --- surface roughness (Ra) --- removed diameter (RD) --- Ti alloys --- martensitic transformation --- recoverable strain --- synchrotron X-ray diffraction --- Ti6Al4V --- centrifugal casting --- ion implantation --- human osteoblast --- grade V titanium --- mini transitional implants --- narrow diameter implant --- backscattered electrons --- Ti-based biomaterials --- toxicity --- β-phase --- ω-phase --- CALPHAD --- artificial intelligence --- deep learning artificial neural network (DLANN) --- self-organizing maps (SOM) --- titanium --- surface treatment --- HA blasting --- sandblasted and acid-etched (SLA) --- anodic oxidation (AO) --- micro-arc oxidation (MAO) --- graphene oxide --- electrophoretic deposition --- implant --- biomolecule --- complex --- n/a --- metal-matrix composites

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Studies on the corrosion and degradation of materials play a decisive role in the novel design and development of corrosion-resistant materials, the selection of materials used in harsh environments in designed lifespans, the invention of corrosion control methods and procedures (e.g., coatings, inhibitors), and the safety assessment and prediction of materials (i.e., modelling). These studies cover a wide range of research fields, including the calculation of thermodynamics, the characterization of microstructures, the investigation of mechanical and corrosion properties, the creation of corrosion coatings or inhibitors, and the establishment of corrosion modelling. This Special Issue is devoted to these types of studies, which facilitate the understanding of the corrosion fundamentals of materials in service, the development of corrosion coatings or methods, improving their durability, and eventually decreasing corrosion loss.

Technology: general issues --- Chemical engineering --- AC-HVAF --- FeB --- HEAs --- coating --- corrosion --- liquid zinc --- cuprous oxide nanochains --- thermal decomposition --- nanofluids --- photo-thermal conversion performance --- molecular dynamics --- binding energy --- crystallization prevention --- flocking for resisting blockage --- drainage pipe --- mechanochemical activation --- coal-gasification slag --- particle characteristics --- cementitious material --- reactivity --- traffic engineering --- damage identification --- deflection influence line --- continuous beam bridge --- multi-span bridges --- structural damage --- anti-blocking of flocking drainage pipe --- drainage pipe blockage by crystals --- mechanism --- mathematical modeling --- tunnel --- soft rock --- strain hardening/softening --- bearing capacity of footing --- numerical solution --- effect of intermediate principal stress --- CoCrFeNiSiMoW --- medium-entropy alloy coatings --- microstructure --- wear --- salt freezing --- erosion --- freeze thaw cycle --- concrete --- durability --- numerical simulation --- high-nitrogen austenitic stainless steel --- friction coefficient --- high temperature --- loess calcareous nodules --- heavy-metal ions --- single adsorption --- adsorption rate --- grey quality gain-loss --- engineering specifications --- process capability --- crystallization and clogging in pipe --- flow velocity --- pipe diameter --- pipe material --- friction stir welding --- aluminum and steel dissimilar metals butt --- high rotational speed --- ultra-high rotational speed --- intermetallic compound --- magnesium alloy --- composite coating --- structural characterization --- mechanical properties --- bioactivity --- antibacterial activity --- biocompatibility --- Feixianguan Formation --- underdetermined system --- curve reconstruction --- circulating neural network --- old well review --- weathered sand --- freeze–thaw cycles --- damage law --- microscopic characteristics --- deterioration mechanism --- flange shaft --- fatigue failure --- fracture mechanics --- stress intensity factor --- crack propagation --- bridge structure --- mode --- frequency --- displacement curve --- Z3CN20.09M --- corrosion fatigue --- fatigue life --- high temperature water --- SnO2-Sb2Ox --- sol-enhanced electrodeposition --- organic degradation --- micro-arc oxidation (MAO) --- SiO2 nanoparticles --- corrosion resistance --- wear property --- magnesium–lithium alloy --- localized corrosion --- corrosion product film --- annular channel angular extrusion --- predeformation --- 2A12 aluminum alloy --- heat treatment --- uniform mechanical properties --- Q345 steel --- hot-dipping aluminum-silicon --- annealing --- FeAl phase --- Al2O3 --- dissimilar metal cladding --- pressure vessel pipe–nozzle --- micro-hardness --- sweet cherry --- edible coating --- quality --- antioxidant enzymatic activities --- stainless steel --- titanium --- crevice corrosion --- multiphysics --- ring narrow groove --- mask electrochemical machining --- numerical simulation of the multiple physical fields --- diffusion barrier --- Cu interconnect --- self-formed --- Cu(Re) alloy --- subgrade engineering --- coarse-grained soil --- step cyclic loading --- dynamic triaxial test --- hysteresis curve --- n/a --- freeze-thaw cycles --- magnesium-lithium alloy --- pressure vessel pipe-nozzle