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Hydrogen has been an important feedstock for various industries, and its global market is already valued at hundreds of billions of dollars per year. It is also playing additional roles as a clean alternative energy carrier for power generation and as a crucial feedstock in the bioeconomy. This Special Issue “Hydrogen Production Technologies” highlights different thermochemical, electrochemical, and biological technologies such as high- and low-temperature electrolyzers, microchannel reactors, sorption-enhanced reactors, multi-tubular solar reactors, and anaerobic digestors. It also covers other aspects ranging from reactor design, hydrogen storage, and process analysis of different alternatives.

algae --- anaerobic digestion --- biogas --- biohydrogen --- energy assessment --- kinetic models --- microwave --- nanoparticles --- pretreatment --- solar reactor --- hydrogen production --- solar receiver --- thermal energy --- computational fluid dynamics --- CFD --- model --- titanium nitride --- stainless steel --- alkaline electrolysis --- energy storage --- hydrogen energy --- solid-state hydrogen storage --- unitized regenerative fuel cell --- multi- walled carbon nanotube --- proton battery --- pyrolytic oil hydro-processing --- process modeling --- syngas --- gasification --- sorption-enhanced water–gas shift --- multi-functional material --- hydrogen production processes --- economic viability --- environmental efficiency --- sustainable energy --- multi-criteria analysis --- thermochemical cycles --- micro-channel reactor --- ceria --- ceria-zirconia --- water splitting --- oxygen carrier --- solid oxide electrolysis cells --- sintering additive --- CuO --- steam electrolysis --- compact reactor --- ethanol steam reforming --- water gas shift --- n/a --- sorption-enhanced water-gas shift

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With the advances in high-speed computer technology, complex heat transfer and fluid flow problems can be solved computationally with high accuracy. Computational modeling techniques have found a wide range of applications in diverse fields of mechanical, aerospace, energy, environmental engineering, as well as numerous industrial systems. Computational modeling has also been used extensively for performance optimization of a variety of engineering designs. The purpose of this book is to present recent advances, as well as up-to-date progress in all areas of innovative computational heat transfer and fluid mechanics, including both fundamental and practical applications. The scope of the present book includes single and multiphase flows, laminar and turbulent flows, heat and mass transfer, energy storage, heat exchangers, respiratory flows and heat transfer, biomedical applications, porous media, and optimization. In addition, this book provides guidelines for engineers and researchers in computational modeling and simulations in fluid mechanics and heat transfer.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- auxiliary feedwater system --- cavitation --- computational fluid dynamics --- in-service testing --- multiphase flow --- multi-stage orifice --- nonuniform metal foam --- melting heat transfer --- thermal energy storage --- conical swirl atomizer --- atomization --- CFD --- Eulerian model --- heat transfer coefficient --- micro-fins --- friction factor --- numerical methods --- micro- and macro-parameters of the atomized liquid --- mechanism of effervescent-swirl atomization --- efficiency of atomization process --- effervescent-swirl atomizer --- fixed-bed reactor --- wall structures --- complex particle shapes --- process intensification --- heat transfer --- photovoltaic cell efficiency --- thermal regulation --- energy and light harvesting --- irreversibility losses --- quantum dynamics --- nature-inspired mimicking --- heat transfer enhancement --- radiation insert --- numerical simulations --- performance evaluation criteria --- thermal efficiency --- particle sedimentation --- resistance force --- fractional-order integro-differential equation --- laplace transform --- Mittag–Leffler function --- block-pulse operational matrix --- Nu number --- microchannel heat sink --- trefoil ribs --- thermal enhancement --- thermal resistance --- triple-tube heat exchanger --- twisted fin array --- phase change material --- solidification --- nanofluids advantages and disadvantages --- thermal hydraulic performance --- vortex generators --- micro-channel

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With the advances in high-speed computer technology, complex heat transfer and fluid flow problems can be solved computationally with high accuracy. Computational modeling techniques have found a wide range of applications in diverse fields of mechanical, aerospace, energy, environmental engineering, as well as numerous industrial systems. Computational modeling has also been used extensively for performance optimization of a variety of engineering designs. The purpose of this book is to present recent advances, as well as up-to-date progress in all areas of innovative computational heat transfer and fluid mechanics, including both fundamental and practical applications. The scope of the present book includes single and multiphase flows, laminar and turbulent flows, heat and mass transfer, energy storage, heat exchangers, respiratory flows and heat transfer, biomedical applications, porous media, and optimization. In addition, this book provides guidelines for engineers and researchers in computational modeling and simulations in fluid mechanics and heat transfer.

auxiliary feedwater system --- cavitation --- computational fluid dynamics --- in-service testing --- multiphase flow --- multi-stage orifice --- nonuniform metal foam --- melting heat transfer --- thermal energy storage --- conical swirl atomizer --- atomization --- CFD --- Eulerian model --- heat transfer coefficient --- micro-fins --- friction factor --- numerical methods --- micro- and macro-parameters of the atomized liquid --- mechanism of effervescent-swirl atomization --- efficiency of atomization process --- effervescent-swirl atomizer --- fixed-bed reactor --- wall structures --- complex particle shapes --- process intensification --- heat transfer --- photovoltaic cell efficiency --- thermal regulation --- energy and light harvesting --- irreversibility losses --- quantum dynamics --- nature-inspired mimicking --- heat transfer enhancement --- radiation insert --- numerical simulations --- performance evaluation criteria --- thermal efficiency --- particle sedimentation --- resistance force --- fractional-order integro-differential equation --- laplace transform --- Mittag–Leffler function --- block-pulse operational matrix --- Nu number --- microchannel heat sink --- trefoil ribs --- thermal enhancement --- thermal resistance --- triple-tube heat exchanger --- twisted fin array --- phase change material --- solidification --- nanofluids advantages and disadvantages --- thermal hydraulic performance --- vortex generators --- micro-channel

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With the advances in high-speed computer technology, complex heat transfer and fluid flow problems can be solved computationally with high accuracy. Computational modeling techniques have found a wide range of applications in diverse fields of mechanical, aerospace, energy, environmental engineering, as well as numerous industrial systems. Computational modeling has also been used extensively for performance optimization of a variety of engineering designs. The purpose of this book is to present recent advances, as well as up-to-date progress in all areas of innovative computational heat transfer and fluid mechanics, including both fundamental and practical applications. The scope of the present book includes single and multiphase flows, laminar and turbulent flows, heat and mass transfer, energy storage, heat exchangers, respiratory flows and heat transfer, biomedical applications, porous media, and optimization. In addition, this book provides guidelines for engineers and researchers in computational modeling and simulations in fluid mechanics and heat transfer.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- auxiliary feedwater system --- cavitation --- computational fluid dynamics --- in-service testing --- multiphase flow --- multi-stage orifice --- nonuniform metal foam --- melting heat transfer --- thermal energy storage --- conical swirl atomizer --- atomization --- CFD --- Eulerian model --- heat transfer coefficient --- micro-fins --- friction factor --- numerical methods --- micro- and macro-parameters of the atomized liquid --- mechanism of effervescent-swirl atomization --- efficiency of atomization process --- effervescent-swirl atomizer --- fixed-bed reactor --- wall structures --- complex particle shapes --- process intensification --- heat transfer --- photovoltaic cell efficiency --- thermal regulation --- energy and light harvesting --- irreversibility losses --- quantum dynamics --- nature-inspired mimicking --- heat transfer enhancement --- radiation insert --- numerical simulations --- performance evaluation criteria --- thermal efficiency --- particle sedimentation --- resistance force --- fractional-order integro-differential equation --- laplace transform --- Mittag–Leffler function --- block-pulse operational matrix --- Nu number --- microchannel heat sink --- trefoil ribs --- thermal enhancement --- thermal resistance --- triple-tube heat exchanger --- twisted fin array --- phase change material --- solidification --- nanofluids advantages and disadvantages --- thermal hydraulic performance --- vortex generators --- micro-channel --- auxiliary feedwater system --- cavitation --- computational fluid dynamics --- in-service testing --- multiphase flow --- multi-stage orifice --- nonuniform metal foam --- melting heat transfer --- thermal energy storage --- conical swirl atomizer --- atomization --- CFD --- Eulerian model --- heat transfer coefficient --- micro-fins --- friction factor --- numerical methods --- micro- and macro-parameters of the atomized liquid --- mechanism of effervescent-swirl atomization --- efficiency of atomization process --- effervescent-swirl atomizer --- fixed-bed reactor --- wall structures --- complex particle shapes --- process intensification --- heat transfer --- photovoltaic cell efficiency --- thermal regulation --- energy and light harvesting --- irreversibility losses --- quantum dynamics --- nature-inspired mimicking --- heat transfer enhancement --- radiation insert --- numerical simulations --- performance evaluation criteria --- thermal efficiency --- particle sedimentation --- resistance force --- fractional-order integro-differential equation --- laplace transform --- Mittag–Leffler function --- block-pulse operational matrix --- Nu number --- microchannel heat sink --- trefoil ribs --- thermal enhancement --- thermal resistance --- triple-tube heat exchanger --- twisted fin array --- phase change material --- solidification --- nanofluids advantages and disadvantages --- thermal hydraulic performance --- vortex generators --- micro-channel

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The global electric car fleet exceeded 7 million battery electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles in 2019, and will continue to increase in the future, as electrification is an important means of decreasing the greenhouse gas emissions of the transportation sector. The energy storage system is a very central component of the electric vehicle. The storage system needs to be cost-competitive, light, efficient, safe, and reliable, and to occupy little space and last for a long time. It should also be produced and disposed of in an environmentally friendly manner. This leaves many research challenges, and the purpose of this book is therefore to provide a platform for sharing the latest findings on energy storage systems for electric vehicles (electric cars, buses, aircraft, ships, etc.) Research in energy storage systems requires several sciences working together, and this book therefore include contributions from many different disciplines; this covers a wide range of topics, e.g. battery-management systems, state-of-charge and state-of-health estimation, thermal-battery-management systems, power electronics for energy storage devices, battery aging modelling, battery reuse and recycling, etc.

History of engineering & technology --- lithium-ion batteries --- non-aqueous electrolyte --- nitrile-based solvents --- butyronitrile --- SEI forming additives --- fast charging --- power batteries --- improved second-order RC equivalent circuit --- fuzzy unscented Kalman filtering algorithm --- joint estimation --- electric bus --- battery --- energy efficiency --- environmental conditions --- hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) --- battery life --- multi-objective energy management --- adaptive equivalent consumption minimization strategy (A-ECMS) --- pontryagin’s minimum principle (PMP) --- particle swarm optimization (PSO) --- recurrent-neural-network (RNN) --- fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle --- least squares support vector machines (LSSVM) --- driving conditions identification --- power distribution --- electric vehicle --- lithium-ion battery --- estimation --- Kalman filter --- state-of-charge --- state-of-health --- resistance --- open-circuit voltage --- battery capacity --- battery modelling and simulation --- battery testing cycler --- battery thermal model --- lithium-ion polymer battery --- SLI battery --- dual-motor energy recovery --- regenerative braking system --- CVT speed ratio control --- motor minimum loss --- energy consumption and efficiency characteristics --- braking force distribution --- oil–electric–hydraulic hybrid system --- lowest instantaneous energy costs --- energy management --- global optimization --- retired batteries --- energy storage applications --- layered bidirectional equalization --- equalization algorithm --- state of charge --- available capacity --- adaptive model-based algorithm --- square root cubature Kalman filter --- li-ion battery --- performance degradation modelling --- electrified propulsion --- battery sizing --- powertrain optimization --- optimal energy management --- heat and mass transfer --- thermal analysis --- Lithium-ion battery --- micro-channel cooling plate --- battery thermal management --- MeshWorks --- CFD --- diffusion induced stress --- hydrostatic stress influence on diffusion --- electrode particle model --- battery mechanical aging --- coulomb counting --- open circuit voltage --- state of health --- temperature --- new energy vehicle --- power battery --- battery reusing --- echelon utilization --- battery recycling --- electric vehicles --- electro-hydraulic braking --- braking intention --- mode switching --- torque coordinated control --- Electric Truck Simulator --- Electric Vehicle (EV) --- Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) --- Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) --- least-energy routing algorithm --- EV batteries --- metric evaluation --- AC–AC converters --- battery chargers --- power conversion harmonics --- wireless power transmission --- electrochemical–thermal model --- artificial intelligence --- artificial neural networks --- hybrid vehicles --- state-of-charge estimation (SOC) --- linear quadratic estimator --- lithium ion battery --- iron phosphate --- cell expansion --- force --- lithium-ion cobalt battery --- state of energy --- adaptive EKF SOC estimation --- linear observer SOC estimation --- MATLAB --- Simscape --- electric buses --- thermal energy storage --- latent heat storage --- metallic phase change material --- cabin heating --- fuel cell --- automated guided vehicle --- hybrid energy storage system --- model-based design --- waveforms modeling --- autoregressive models of nonstationary signals