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Polemology --- Foreign trade. International trade --- wapenhandel --- Dépenses militaires --- Militaire uitgaven --- Military spending --- Reporting --- Twenty fifteen, A.D.
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World War III has yet to happen, and yet material evidence of this conflict is strewn everywhere: resting at the bottom of the ocean, rusting in deserts, and floating in near-Earth orbit.In Military Waste, Joshua O. Reno offers a unique analysis of the costs of American war preparation through an examination of the lives and stories of American civilians confronted with what is left over and cast aside when a society is permanently ready for war. Using ethnographic and archival research, Reno demonstrates how obsolete military junk in its various incarnations affects people and places far from the battlegrounds that are ordinarily associated with warfare. Using a broad swath of examples—from excess planes, ships, and space debris that fall into civilian hands, to the dispossessed and polluted island territories once occupied by military bases, to the militarized masculinities of mass shooters—Military Waste reveals the unexpected and open-ended relationships that non-combatants on the home front form with a nation permanently ready for war.
Military supplies --- Environmental aspects. --- abandoned military bases. --- aggression. --- aircraft. --- assault weapons. --- civilians. --- control. --- environment. --- excess planes. --- fighter planes. --- gender. --- government spending. --- home front. --- masculinity. --- mass shooters. --- militarization. --- military bases. --- military grade weapons. --- military industrial complex. --- military junk. --- military spending. --- military technology. --- military. --- noncombatants. --- nonfiction. --- pentagon. --- pollution. --- power. --- science. --- ships. --- social history. --- soldiers. --- space debris. --- technology. --- violence. --- war preparation. --- war. --- warfare.
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How is it that the United States—a country founded on a distrust of standing armies and strong centralized power—came to have the most powerful military in history? Long after World War II and the end of the Cold War, in times of rising national debt and reduced need for high levels of military readiness, why does Congress still continue to support massive defense budgets? In The American Warfare State, Rebecca U. Thorpe argues that there are profound relationships among the size and persistence of the American military complex, the growth in presidential power to launch military actions, and the decline of congressional willingness to check this power. The public costs of military mobilization and war, including the need for conscription and higher tax rates, served as political constraints on warfare for most of American history. But the vast defense industry that emerged from World War II also created new political interests that the framers of the Constitution did not anticipate. Many rural and semirural areas became economically reliant on defense-sector jobs and capital, which gave the legislators representing them powerful incentives to press for ongoing defense spending regardless of national security circumstances or goals. At the same time, the costs of war are now borne overwhelmingly by a minority of soldiers who volunteer to fight, future generations of taxpayers, and foreign populations in whose lands wars often take place. Drawing on an impressive cache of data, Thorpe reveals how this new incentive structure has profoundly reshaped the balance of wartime powers between Congress and the president, resulting in a defense industry perennially poised for war and an executive branch that enjoys unprecedented discretion to take military action.
Civil-military relations -- United States. --- United States -- Armed Forces -- Appropriations and expenditures. --- Civil-military relations --- military spending, army, weaponry, defense budgets, politics, political science, congress, government, war, mobilization, conscription, readiness, national security, debt, expenditures, appropriations, armed forces, pork barrel, contracting, nonfiction, economics, constituency interests, dod budget, local economies, military-industrial complex, presidency.
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The end of the Cold War was supposed to bring a 'peace dividend' and the opportunity to redirect military policy in the United States. Instead, according to Daniel Wirls, American politics following the Cold War produced dysfunctional defense policies that were exacerbated by the war on terror. Wirls' critical historical narrative of the politics of defense in the United States during this 'decade of neglect' and the military buildup under the cover of the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq explains how and why the U.S. military has become bloated and aimless and what this means for long-term security. Wirls examines the recent history of U.S. military spending and policy under presidents George H.W. Bush, Bill Clinton, and George W. Bush. He finds that although spending decreased from the close of the first Bush presidency through the early years of Clinton's, both administrations preferred to tinker at the edges of defense policy rather than redefine it, leaving the United States with an outdated and underfunded global- and two-war military strategy. Years of political infighting escalated the problem, leading to military policy stalemate as neither party managed to craft a coherent and winning vision of national security. Wirls argues that the United States has undermined its own long-term security through profligate and often counterproductive defense policies while critical national problems have gone unmitigated and unsolved. This unified history of the politics of U.S. military policy from the end of the Cold War through the beginning of the Obama presidency provides a clear picture of why the United States is militarily powerful but 'otherwise insecure'.
Dépenses militaires --- Militaire uitgaven --- Military spending --- National security --- History --- United States. --- Appropriations and expenditures --- United States --- Military policy --- Armed Forces --- Politics and government --- 20th century --- 21st century --- United States. Department of Defense --- National security - United States - History - 20th century --- National security - United States - History - 21st century --- United States - Military policy --- United States - Armed Forces - Appropriations and expenditures --- United States - Appropriations and expenditures --- United States - Politics and government
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How psychology explains why a leader is willing to use military force to protect or salvage reputationIn Who Fights for Reputation, Keren Yarhi-Milo provides an original framework, based on insights from psychology, to explain why some political leaders are more willing to use military force to defend their reputation than others. Rather than focusing on a leader's background, beliefs, bargaining skills, or biases, Yarhi-Milo draws a systematic link between a trait called self-monitoring and foreign policy behavior. She examines self-monitoring among national leaders and advisers and shows that while high self-monitors modify their behavior strategically to cultivate image-enhancing status, low self-monitors are less likely to change their behavior in response to reputation concerns.Exploring self-monitoring through case studies of foreign policy crises during the terms of U.S. presidents Carter, Reagan, and Clinton, Yarhi-Milo disproves the notion that hawks are always more likely than doves to fight for reputation. Instead, Yarhi-Milo demonstrates that a decision maker's propensity for impression management is directly associated with the use of force to restore a reputation for resolve on the international stage.Who Fights for Reputation offers a brand-new understanding of the pivotal influence that psychological factors have on political leadership, military engagement, and the protection of public prestige.
Heads of state --- International relations --- Decision making --- 1900-1999 --- United States --- United States. --- Foreign relations --- Amazon Mechanical Turk. --- American adults. --- American presidents. --- Bill Clinton. --- Cyrus Vance. --- Israeli Jewish adults. --- Jimmy Carter. --- Ronald Reagan. --- US presidents. --- US reputation. --- Zbigniew Brzezinski. --- case studies. --- crisis decision making. --- decision making. --- dispositional theory. --- foreign policy behavior. --- foreign policy. --- hawkishness. --- high self-monitors. --- international conflict. --- international crises. --- international politics. --- international relations. --- international reputation. --- leaders. --- low self-monitors. --- militarized interstate disputes. --- military action. --- military assertiveness. --- military engagement. --- military force. --- military instruments. --- military solution. --- military spending. --- national leaders. --- policy recommendations. --- political leadership. --- presidential historians. --- presidents. --- psychological dispositions. --- public prestige. --- reputation believer. --- reputation believers. --- reputation critic. --- reputation critics. --- reputation crusader. --- reputation crusaders. --- reputation for resolve. --- reputation skeptics. --- reputation. --- self-monitoring. --- state leaders. --- use of force. --- world politics.
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The world has become increasingly separated into the haves and have-nots. In The Culture of Contentment, renowned economist John Kenneth Galbraith shows how a contented class-not the privileged few but the socially and economically advantaged majority-defend their comfortable status at a cost. Middle-class voting against regulation and increased taxation that would remedy pressing social ills has created a culture of immediate gratification, leading to complacency and hampering long-term progress. Only economic disaster, military action, or the eruption of an angry underclass seem capable of changing the status quo. A groundbreaking critique, The Culture of Contentment shows how the complacent majority captures the political process and determines economic policy.
Free enterprise --- Poor --- Social values. --- Since 1980 --- United States --- United States. --- Economic policy --- Economic conditions --- Social conditions --- Foreign relations --- Adam Smith. --- Communism. --- Contented Electoral Majority. --- Contented Majority. --- Democratic Party. --- Eastern Europe. --- Franklin D. Roosevelt. --- New Deal. --- Republican Party. --- Ronald Reagan. --- Western Europe. --- acquisitions. --- arms buildup. --- bureaucracy. --- bureaucratic syndrome. --- capitalism. --- common purpose. --- communism. --- complacency. --- consumers. --- contentment. --- corporations. --- costs. --- crime. --- defense spending. --- democracy. --- depression. --- economic accommodation. --- economic advantage. --- economic discomfort. --- economic life. --- economic policies. --- economic power. --- economic well-being. --- economically advantaged. --- economics. --- effective demand. --- electoral politics. --- external authority. --- financial devastation. --- fiscal policy. --- foreign policy. --- functional underclass. --- government. --- have nots. --- haves. --- immediate gratification. --- immigrants. --- incomes. --- industrial economy. --- inflation. --- inner cities. --- international relations. --- laissez faire. --- loan scandal. --- macroeconomic policy. --- macroeconomic regulation. --- media. --- mergers. --- middle-class voting. --- military action. --- military power. --- military spending. --- military. --- monetarism. --- monetary policy. --- money. --- organization power. --- political behavior. --- political economy. --- politics of contentment. --- politics. --- poor. --- private sector. --- public budget. --- public expenditures. --- public services. --- purchasing power. --- recession. --- recreation. --- regulation. --- resentment. --- savings scandal. --- security. --- self-regard. --- social advantage. --- social disorder. --- social exclusion. --- social unrest. --- socially advantaged. --- supply-side economics. --- tax policy. --- tax reductions. --- taxation. --- the poor. --- thought. --- time. --- underclass revolt. --- underclass. --- urban slums. --- violence. --- war. --- wealth. --- welfare state. --- well-being.
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