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Perhaps no other Western writer has more deeply probed the bitter struggle in the Muslim world between the forces of religion and law and those of violence and lawlessness as Noah Feldman. His scholarship has defined the stakes in the Middle East today. Now, in this incisive book, Feldman tells the story behind the increasingly popular call for the establishment of the shari'a--the law of the traditional Islamic state--in the modern Muslim world. Western powers call it a threat to democracy. Islamist movements are winning elections on it. Terrorists use it to justify their crimes. What, then, is the shari'a? Given the severity of some of its provisions, why is it popular among Muslims? Can the Islamic state succeed--should it? Feldman reveals how the classical Islamic constitution governed through and was legitimated by law. He shows how executive power was balanced by the scholars who interpreted and administered the shari'a, and how this balance of power was finally destroyed by the tragically incomplete reforms of the modern era. The result has been the unchecked executive dominance that now distorts politics in so many Muslim states. Feldman argues that a modern Islamic state could provide political and legal justice to today's Muslims, but only if new institutions emerge that restore this constitutional balance of power. The Fall and Rise of the Islamic State gives us the sweeping history of the traditional Islamic constitution--its noble beginnings, its downfall, and the renewed promise it could hold for Muslims and Westerners alike. In a new introduction, Feldman discusses developments in Egypt, Tunisia, Libya, and other Muslim-majority countries since the Arab Spring and describes how Islamists must meet the challenge of balance if the new Islamic states are to succeed.

Islamic law --- Constitutional law (Islamic law) --- Islam and state. --- Political aspects. --- Islamic countries --- Politics and government. --- Abd al-Aziz ibn Baz. --- Activism. --- Al-Mawardi. --- Algeria. --- Anwar Sadat. --- Arab Spring. --- Arab nationalism. --- Arab world. --- Autocracy. --- British Empire. --- Caliphate. --- Codification (law). --- Colonialism. --- Constitution. --- Constitutional monarchy. --- Constitutional theory. --- Constitutionalism. --- De facto. --- Democracy. --- Democratization. --- Dictatorship. --- Doctrine. --- Election. --- Fatah. --- Fatwa. --- Fiqh. --- Foreign policy. --- Forms of government. --- Governance. --- Grand Mufti. --- Hadith. --- Hamas. --- Hanafi. --- Harvard Law School. --- Hassan al-Banna. --- Hindu law. --- Ibn Khaldun. --- Ibn Taymiyyah. --- Ideology. --- Institution. --- Iranian Revolution. --- Islam. --- Islamic Action Front. --- Islamic democracy. --- Islamic state. --- Islamism. --- Judiciary. --- Jurisdiction. --- Lawmaking. --- Legal code (municipal). --- Legal practice. --- Legislation. --- Legislature. --- Legitimacy (political). --- Legitimation. --- Liberal democracy. --- Mecelle. --- Modernity. --- Mufti. --- Muhammad. --- Mullah. --- Muslim Brotherhood. --- Muslim world. --- Muslim. --- Ottoman Empire. --- Political class. --- Political culture. --- Political party. --- Politics. --- Popular sovereignty. --- Precedent. --- Princeton University Press. --- Qadi. --- Quran. --- Ruhollah Khomeini. --- Rule of law. --- Saddam Hussein. --- Safavid dynasty. --- Salafi movement. --- Saudi Arabia. --- Secularism. --- Seminar. --- Sharia. --- Sources of law. --- Sovereignty. --- State (polity). --- State law (United States). --- State religion. --- Sunni Islam. --- Taliban. --- Tanzimat. --- Tax. --- The Islamist. --- Theocracy. --- Theology. --- Tunisia. --- Twelver. --- Veto. --- Wahhabism. --- Western world.

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Waqfs, or religious endowments, have long been at the very center of daily Islamic life, establishing religious, cultural, and welfare institutions and serving as a legal means to keep family property intact through several generations. In this book R. D. McChesney focuses on the major Muslim shrine at Balkh--once a flourishing city on an ancient trade route in what is now northern Afghanistan--and provides a detailed study of the political, economic, and social conditions that influenced, and were influenced by, the development of a single religious endowment. From its founding in 1480 until 1889, when the Afghan government took control of it, the waqf at Balkh was a formidable economic force in a financially dynamic region, particularly during those times when the endowment's sacred character and the tax privileges it acquired gave its managers considerable financial security. This study sheds new light on the legal institution of waqf within Muslim society and on how political conditions affected the development of socio-religious institutions throughout Central Asia over a period of four hundred years.Originally published in 1991.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Charitable uses, trusts, and foundations --- Islamic shrines --- Fondations (Droit) --- History --- Histoire --- Mazar-e Sharif (Afghanistan) --- Mazare e Sharif (Afghanistan) --- History. --- Mazār-i Sharīf (Afghanistan) --- Muslim shrines --- Shrines --- Charitable remainder trusts --- Donations --- Endowments --- Charities --- Charity laws and legislation --- Juristic persons --- Trusts and trustees --- Uses (Law) --- Charitable bequests --- Law and legislation --- Mazār-e Sharīf (Afghanistan) --- Mazār-e Sharīf, Afghanistan --- Mazār Sharīf (Afghanistan) --- Mazari Sharif (Afghanistan) --- Abbasid Caliphate. --- Abd Al-Rahman. --- Abd al-Mu'min. --- Abu Bakr. --- Abu Talib ibn Abd al-Muttalib. --- Abu Yazid. --- Abu Yusuf. --- Abu'l-Khayr Khan. --- Ahab. --- Ahl al-Bayt. --- Ahmad Shah. --- Al-Ghazali. --- Al-Qastallani. --- Al-Shahrastani. --- Ali Mardan Khan. --- Appanage. --- Aqsaqal. --- Ardabil. --- Ashraf Ghani. --- Atabeg. --- Badakhshan. --- Bahram (Shahnameh). --- Balkh. --- Banna'i. --- Battle of Khaybar. --- Bayazid Bastami. --- Bukhara. --- Caliphate. --- Central Asia. --- Central Authority. --- Dastur al-Muluk. --- Deployment plan. --- Dushanbe. --- Emirate. --- Foreign policy. --- Hanafi. --- Hegira. --- Herat. --- Hulagu Khan. --- Ibn Battuta. --- Ishmael in Islam. --- Iskandar (Timurid dynasty). --- Islam. --- Islamic culture. --- Islamic state. --- Ja'far al-Sadiq. --- Kandahar. --- Karbala. --- Kashgar. --- Khagan. --- Khan (title). --- Khanate. --- Khaybar. --- Khoja (Turkestan). --- Kipchaks. --- Majlis. --- Maoism. --- Mazar-i-Sharif. --- Mihrab. --- Mufti. --- Muhammad Akram. --- Muhammad Ishaq. --- Muhammad Khan (Ilkhan). --- Muhammad Salih. --- Muhammad al-Baqir. --- Muhammad al-Shaybani. --- Muhammad of Ghor. --- Mukhayriq. --- Murad Bakhsh. --- Naqshbandi. --- Oedipus complex. --- Qadi. --- Rabi' al-awwal. --- Rustam (Haqqani network). --- Safavid dynasty. --- Sahabah. --- Samarkand. --- Sayyid. --- Shafi'i. --- Shah Jahan. --- Shahnameh. --- Shahrbanu. --- Shams al-Din Muhammad. --- Sheikh. --- Shia Islam. --- Shrine of Ali. --- Sufism. --- Syncretism. --- Tariqa. --- Timur. --- Transoxiana. --- Turkistan (city). --- Umayyad Caliphate. --- Uthman. --- Uzbek language. --- Uzbeks. --- Waqf. --- Yaqut al-Hamawi. --- Zaidiyyah. --- Zakat.

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Indonesian Islam is often portrayed as being intrinsically moderate by virtue of the role that mystical Sufism played in shaping its traditions. According to Western observers--from Dutch colonial administrators and orientalist scholars to modern anthropologists such as the late Clifford Geertz--Indonesia's peaceful interpretation of Islam has been perpetually under threat from outside by more violent, intolerant Islamic traditions that were originally imposed by conquering Arab armies. The Makings of Indonesian Islam challenges this widely accepted narrative, offering a more balanced assessment of the intellectual and cultural history of the most populous Muslim nation on Earth. Michael Laffan traces how the popular image of Indonesian Islam was shaped by encounters between colonial Dutch scholars and reformist Islamic thinkers. He shows how Dutch religious preoccupations sometimes echoed Muslim concerns about the relationship between faith and the state, and how Dutch-Islamic discourse throughout the long centuries of European colonialism helped give rise to Indonesia's distinctive national and religious culture. The Makings of Indonesian Islam presents Islamic and colonial history as an integrated whole, revealing the ways our understanding of Indonesian Islam, both past and present, came to be.

Islam --- Sufism --- Sofism --- Mysticism --- History. --- Aceh. --- Afdeeling B. --- Asian courts. --- Batavia. --- British interregnum. --- Christianity. --- Christianization. --- Dutch missionaries. --- Dutch scholarship. --- Dutch society. --- Dutch. --- East India Companies. --- Hasan Mustafa. --- Holland. --- Indies. --- Indonesia. --- Indonesian Islam. --- Indonesians. --- Irshadi movement. --- Islam. --- Islamic Law. --- Islamic activity. --- Islamic curriculum. --- Islamic learning. --- Islamic thinkers. --- Islamization. --- Japanese occupation. --- Java. --- Javanese. --- Mecca. --- Middle Eastern learning. --- Middle Eastern networks. --- Muhammad Rashid Rida. --- Muhammad ʻAbduh. --- Muslim Indies. --- Muslim activism. --- Muslim nation. --- Muslim society. --- Muslim teachers. --- Naqshbandis. --- Netherlandic Indies. --- Netherlands Indies. --- Office for Native Affairs. --- Orientalism. --- Ottoman Empire. --- Prophet. --- Protestantism. --- Salafi movement. --- Sammaniyya order. --- Sarekat Islam. --- Shariʻa. --- Snouck Hurgronje. --- Southeast Asian scholars. --- Sufi knowledge. --- Sufi learning. --- Sufi organization. --- Sufi practice. --- Sufi practices. --- Sufi scholarship. --- Sufi teachings. --- Sufism. --- The Hague. --- abangan. --- colonial Dutch. --- colonial advisors. --- colonial scholarship. --- colonial state. --- colonial tutelage. --- communism. --- independent religious masters. --- indigenous education. --- indigenous society. --- international connections. --- legal practices. --- legalistic scholarship. --- local cultures. --- local languages. --- marginalized courts. --- mufti. --- muhaqqiqin. --- mystical teachers. --- nationalism. --- orthodox public sphere. --- orthodoxy. --- orthopraxy. --- pesantren. --- pesantrens. --- populist authority. --- populist mysticism. --- putihan. --- reformist thinkers. --- sayyid-led reforms. --- tariqas. --- Orientalism --- Histoire