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Clinical Nephrotoxins: Renal Injury from Drugs and Chemicals is a comprehensive handbook on all aspects of adverse effects by drugs and chemical substances on the kidneys. The importance of the toxicity of drugs and other substances for the kidneys is increasingly recognized. The first, general part deals with themes as clinical relevance, renal handling, pharmacovigilance, urinary biomarkers, pharmacological, immunological and cellular aspects of nephrotoxicity, as well as animal and cell culture models. The second part includes the specific drugs; the third part gives the description of environmental and occupational nephrotoxins. The last part deals with the patient with some degree of renal failure, exposed to drugs and chemicals, the progression of renal disease, and how to adapt drug dosage. In this third and completely revised edition, nine new chapters were added, from proton pump inhibitors to bisphosphonates, phosphate containing laxatives, oxalate, star fruit and smoking. All chapters were extended with up-to-date references. The book is of interest for the nephrologist, internist, general practitioner, toxicologist, pharmacologist, anesthesiologist, epidemiologist, public health official, pharmaceutical industry, and national drug safety committees, among others.

Nephrotoxicology. --- Renal pharmacology. --- Kidneys --- Kidneys, Effect of drugs on --- Pharmacology --- Kidney toxicity --- Kidney toxicology --- Nephrotoxic disease --- Nephrotoxicity --- Renal toxicity --- Renal toxicology --- Toxicology --- Drug effects --- Effect of drugs on --- Diseases --- Nephrology. --- Internal medicine. --- Internal Medicine. --- Medicine, Internal --- Medicine --- Internal medicine

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Covering all aspects of the many rheumatologic disorders associated with renal disease, including pathogenesis, clinical features and treatment, Rheumatology and the Kidney brings together the available information in an accessible and practical way, with a particular focus on evidence-based patient management. Part of the Oxford Clinical Nephrology Series, and featuring chapters from a team of international experts, this new edition has been completely updated sincepublication of the first edition in 2001 and now contains more tables and figures to make the information more accessible.Complet

Renal manifestations of general diseases. --- Rheumatism --- Lupus nephritis. --- Autoimmune diseases. --- Nephrotoxicology. --- Kidney toxicity --- Kidney toxicology --- Nephrotoxic disease --- Nephrotoxicity --- Renal toxicity --- Renal toxicology --- Kidneys --- Toxicology --- Autoimmunologic diseases --- Autoimmunity --- Immunologic diseases --- Lupus glomerulonephritis --- Glomerulonephritis --- Renal manifestations of general diseases --- Systemic lupus erythematosus --- Rheumatic diseases --- Collagen diseases --- Musculoskeletal system --- Kidney manifestations of general diseases --- Nephrologic manifestations of general diseases --- Renal symptoms of general diseases --- Symptoms --- Complications. --- Diseases

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Membrane transporters are of vital importance for cells. They mediate the flux of many substances through the plasma membrane. In this book, the transporters for organic cations, a special class of membrane transporters, are presented. Transporters belonging to this class are important because they allow many neurotransmitters (e.g., histamine and serotonin) and many drugs (e.g., trospium and tofacitinib) to permeate the plasma membrane. Therefore, transporters for organic cations can modulate the action of neurotransmitters and drugs, having in this way important physiological and pharmacological implications. These aspects are illustrated in original works and reviews presented in this book. Using a system biology approach, the global significance of different transporters working together has been illustrated. Regulation mechanisms determining their expression in specific organs and modulating their function are also described in this book, also concerning their role for special drug toxicities. Such an aspect is also discussed in relationship to mutations (single nucleotide polymorphisms) of transporters for organic cations. Finally, the translational value of studies performed in flies, mice, and rats is discussed. Therefore, this book offers integrative information on transporters for organic cations, which may be of interest to beginners and specialized scientists in this field.

transporters --- endogenous metabolism --- functional subgroups --- SLC22 --- remote sensing and signaling --- drug transporters --- gut microbiome --- chronic kidney disease --- solute carrier 22 (SLC22) --- Remote Sensing and Signaling Theory --- interorgan communication --- organic anion transporter --- organic cation transporter --- SLC22A15 --- SLC22A16 --- SLC22A18 --- kidney --- Malpighian tubule --- TCGA --- human pathology atlas --- gene ontology --- organic cations --- transport --- kidneys --- regulation --- Nuclear receptor --- renal excretion --- bile acids --- organic cation transporters --- drug disposition --- genetic polymorphisms --- drug-induced kidney injury --- nephrotoxicity --- RA --- Tofacitinib --- Baricitinib --- MATE1 --- solute carrier (SLC) family --- OCT1 --- SLC22A1 --- species differences --- drugs --- pesticides --- cisplatin nephrotoxicity --- PPAR-alpha --- organic transporters --- serotonin transporter --- plasma membrane monoamine transporter --- ketamine --- isoflurane --- serotonin clearance --- antidepressant-like activity --- chronoamperometry --- tail suspension test --- forced swim test --- hepatotoxicity --- solute carrier --- pulmonary drug delivery --- SLC22A1–5 --- lung epithelium --- drug uptake --- β2-agonists --- chronic lung diseases --- anticholinergics --- trospium --- OCT --- MATE --- drug excretion --- drug transport --- n/a --- SLC22A1-5

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Pharmacogenomics is one of the emerging approaches to precision medicine, tailoring drug selection and dosing to the patient’s genetic features. In recent years, several pharmacogenetic guidelines have been published by international scientific consortia, but the uptake in clinical practice is still poor. Many coordinated international efforts are ongoing in order to overcome the existing barriers to pharmacogenomic implementation. On the other hand, existing validated pharmacogenomic markers can explain only a minor part of the observed clinical variability in the therapeutic outcome. New investigational approaches are warranted, including a study of the pharmacogenomic role of the immune system genetics and of previously neglected rare genetic variants, reported to account for a large part of inter-individual variability in drug metabolism. In this book, we have collected a series of articles covering many aspects of pharmacogenomics. These include clinical implementation of pharmacogenomics in clinical practice, development of tools or infrastructures to support this process, research of new pharmacogenomics markers to increase drug efficacy and safety, and the impact of rare genetic variants in pharmacogenomics.

Medicine --- CYP2C9 --- VKORC1 --- warfarin --- warfarin initiation phase of therapy --- INR --- pharmacogenetics study --- pharmacogenomics --- pharmacogenetics --- genotype --- phenotype --- alleles --- precision medicine --- pharmacotranscriptomics --- high-throughput analysis --- childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia --- clopidogrel --- acenocoumarol --- CDSS --- implementation --- azathioprine --- inflammatory bowel disease --- glutathione-S transferase --- pharmacokinetics --- nucleoside analogs --- microRNAs --- gene expression --- drug resistance --- AML --- cisplatin --- nephrotoxicity --- kidney injury --- genetic polymorphisms --- pre-emptive --- panel --- breast cancer subtype --- miRNA --- pathway --- crosstalk network --- precision drugs --- ovarian cancer --- platinum resistance --- focal copy number alterations --- whole exome sequencing --- personalized medicine --- human genetics --- pharmacology --- CYP2C9 --- VKORC1 --- warfarin --- warfarin initiation phase of therapy --- INR --- pharmacogenetics study --- pharmacogenomics --- pharmacogenetics --- genotype --- phenotype --- alleles --- precision medicine --- pharmacotranscriptomics --- high-throughput analysis --- childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia --- clopidogrel --- acenocoumarol --- CDSS --- implementation --- azathioprine --- inflammatory bowel disease --- glutathione-S transferase --- pharmacokinetics --- nucleoside analogs --- microRNAs --- gene expression --- drug resistance --- AML --- cisplatin --- nephrotoxicity --- kidney injury --- genetic polymorphisms --- pre-emptive --- panel --- breast cancer subtype --- miRNA --- pathway --- crosstalk network --- precision drugs --- ovarian cancer --- platinum resistance --- focal copy number alterations --- whole exome sequencing --- personalized medicine --- human genetics --- pharmacology

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Membrane transporters are of vital importance for cells. They mediate the flux of many substances through the plasma membrane. In this book, the transporters for organic cations, a special class of membrane transporters, are presented. Transporters belonging to this class are important because they allow many neurotransmitters (e.g., histamine and serotonin) and many drugs (e.g., trospium and tofacitinib) to permeate the plasma membrane. Therefore, transporters for organic cations can modulate the action of neurotransmitters and drugs, having in this way important physiological and pharmacological implications. These aspects are illustrated in original works and reviews presented in this book. Using a system biology approach, the global significance of different transporters working together has been illustrated. Regulation mechanisms determining their expression in specific organs and modulating their function are also described in this book, also concerning their role for special drug toxicities. Such an aspect is also discussed in relationship to mutations (single nucleotide polymorphisms) of transporters for organic cations. Finally, the translational value of studies performed in flies, mice, and rats is discussed. Therefore, this book offers integrative information on transporters for organic cations, which may be of interest to beginners and specialized scientists in this field.

Medicine --- transporters --- endogenous metabolism --- functional subgroups --- SLC22 --- remote sensing and signaling --- drug transporters --- gut microbiome --- chronic kidney disease --- solute carrier 22 (SLC22) --- Remote Sensing and Signaling Theory --- interorgan communication --- organic anion transporter --- organic cation transporter --- SLC22A15 --- SLC22A16 --- SLC22A18 --- kidney --- Malpighian tubule --- TCGA --- human pathology atlas --- gene ontology --- organic cations --- transport --- kidneys --- regulation --- Nuclear receptor --- renal excretion --- bile acids --- organic cation transporters --- drug disposition --- genetic polymorphisms --- drug-induced kidney injury --- nephrotoxicity --- RA --- Tofacitinib --- Baricitinib --- MATE1 --- solute carrier (SLC) family --- OCT1 --- SLC22A1 --- species differences --- drugs --- pesticides --- cisplatin nephrotoxicity --- PPAR-alpha --- organic transporters --- serotonin transporter --- plasma membrane monoamine transporter --- ketamine --- isoflurane --- serotonin clearance --- antidepressant-like activity --- chronoamperometry --- tail suspension test --- forced swim test --- hepatotoxicity --- solute carrier --- pulmonary drug delivery --- SLC22A1-5 --- lung epithelium --- drug uptake --- β2-agonists --- chronic lung diseases --- anticholinergics --- trospium --- OCT --- MATE --- drug excretion --- drug transport --- transporters --- endogenous metabolism --- functional subgroups --- SLC22 --- remote sensing and signaling --- drug transporters --- gut microbiome --- chronic kidney disease --- solute carrier 22 (SLC22) --- Remote Sensing and Signaling Theory --- interorgan communication --- organic anion transporter --- organic cation transporter --- SLC22A15 --- SLC22A16 --- SLC22A18 --- kidney --- Malpighian tubule --- TCGA --- human pathology atlas --- gene ontology --- organic cations --- transport --- kidneys --- regulation --- Nuclear receptor --- renal excretion --- bile acids --- organic cation transporters --- drug disposition --- genetic polymorphisms --- drug-induced kidney injury --- nephrotoxicity --- RA --- Tofacitinib --- Baricitinib --- MATE1 --- solute carrier (SLC) family --- OCT1 --- SLC22A1 --- species differences --- drugs --- pesticides --- cisplatin nephrotoxicity --- PPAR-alpha --- organic transporters --- serotonin transporter --- plasma membrane monoamine transporter --- ketamine --- isoflurane --- serotonin clearance --- antidepressant-like activity --- chronoamperometry --- tail suspension test --- forced swim test --- hepatotoxicity --- solute carrier --- pulmonary drug delivery --- SLC22A1-5 --- lung epithelium --- drug uptake --- β2-agonists --- chronic lung diseases --- anticholinergics --- trospium --- OCT --- MATE --- drug excretion --- drug transport